Amaxabiso reference - yintoni na? Ntoni i "inani '?

Ekwenzeni naziphi na iziphumo zokuxilonga amanyathelo zokufunda kuthathwa ngokubanzi. Oku kuthatha ingqalelo zonke iparameters: imeko jikelele yesigulane, uhlobo leengxaki lwangoku, iimpawu.

uphando kunye nemigangatho

A Inani leemvavanyo elebhu zinikwa izigulane ngohlobo i "positive" okanye "ezimbi." Le fomu ithathwa isici qualitative. Umzekelo uhlahlelo antibodies isifo esithile. Iziphumo ezakhayo ibonisa ubukho ezi zithinteli-mbandela.

Ntoni i "inani '?

Xa uhlobo oluninzi kweziphumo zophando zikhutshelwa ngohlobo amanani. Kulo mzekelo, kukho iindidi nemigangatho, ngokunjalo ne-avareji. inani e zePCR - iyeza elithi zisetyenziselwa kweziphumo zeemvavanyo izifundo laboratory. Oku kuchazwa njengoko ixabiso kwe kophawu ethile. Ezi data zaye zathengwa uphando impilo yabantu. Kuba Okokuqala, uyakwazi ukuqwalasela ezinye amaxabiso yesingqiniso hormone. Umzekelo, ngokuba T3 sikhululekile amaxabiso eziqhelekileyo 1.2-2.8 mIU / l, nangenxa thyroxine (ewonke) - 60.0-160.0 nmol / l. Yilaa isalathisi ukuze khangela uhlalutyo TTG: reference silixabisile 0.5-5.0 mkIE / ml, yaye isiphumo - 2.0. Njengoko sibonile kumzekelo yokugqibela, inani afunyenwe kwisifundo, phakathi kuluhlu yesiqhelo.

Indlela ukuchaza imida eqhelekileyo?

Indlela kuphela, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, na iimviwo kubantu abasempilweni. Inqanaba lokuqala isampuli yabemi. Umzekelo, wamema abafazi esempilweni, abaphakathi kweminyaka emashumi mathathu. Abaninzi kubo amiswe zophononongo. Iziphumo bancipha kumndilili zibalo yokubala uluhlu apho kukho amaxabiso reference. Ukutenxa amaxabiso eziqhelekileyo (macala) e iiyunithi ezimbini eqhelekileyo.

Kutheni labs ezahlukeneyo ukunika iziphumo ezahlukeneyo?

Kuxhomekeka kwindlela izixhobo zophando kunye lokulinganisa esikhutshwe ixabiso ezithile reference. iilebhu ezahlukeneyo ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, wasebenzisa enye okanye enye ngeyunithi ukubala. Ngokuhambelana kunye parameters ezisekiweyo kunye zibe.

Zakuba zifikile ngesiphumo kwifom kufuneka amanani kunye neeyunithi ezisetyenziswa kwilebhu ethile. Ngoko ke, akukho iyeza, umz, reference eqhelekileyo uhlalutyo ixabiso legazi. Ingcali gama ukubonisa iziphumo kufuneka ujonge amanani ezisetyenziswa liziko apho isigulane eso eluviweni. Umahluko zingabonakala ngokuqwalasela, umzekelo, ezinye amaxabiso reference zohlalutyo zengqo- igazi. Ngenxa yoko, uluhlu parameters uphando ethylidene G7PNP-ndlela - 28-100 U / L, kunye CNPG3-ndlela - 22-80 U / L.

Kutheni amanani Kungawa ngaphandle imithetho?

inani kuhlalutyo - kwedatha yeenkcukacha-manani, kodwa hayi umthetho eziphilayo. Kwezinye iimeko, kungakho ukutenxa kuluhlu kwangaphambili, nkqu kubantu abasempilweni. Kunokuba oko kunokubangelwa? Phakathi yeemvelaphi ezininzi ezinxaxhileyo ziimpawu ingakumbi ebalulekileyo ukusebenza komzimba okanye ephilayo. Ukuba ingcali lithethelela ukuba kudlula ilabhoratri isifundo enye izihlandlo ezimbalwa, ngoko kukho abathile kungenzeka ukuba umphumo uya kuba ukutenxa kwindlela esisetyenziswe kumqolo yesiqhelo. Ukungqinelana komsebenzi izinto eziphilayo ziyahluka imihla. Thelekisa, iziphumo zeemvavanyo ugqirha limisela kwakhona. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izigqibo zokufumanisa isifo azikho ngokuhambelana intsebenzo yomntu ngamnye, kunye nokuhlola Dynamics utshintsho. Kubantu abasempilweni, idata mandingaweli kolundi eziqhelekileyo. Kulo mzekelo, ngokuba abantu ngokwabo iziphumo ziya kuqwalaselwa eqhelekileyo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo ludla ngokubandakanya izinxaxhi ezincinane. Noko ke, neziphawuli musa kuwa amaxabiso reference zinokubonisa zolwaphulo emzimbeni ezifuna amanyathelo diagnostic. Ingcali, ukuphonononga iziphumo zophando kwaye ithatha imeko jikelele yesigulane, picture lwezonyango ingqalelo, ukufunda imbali kunye nezinye izinto. Ngenxa yoko, ugqirha imisela, njengoko kubonisiwe ukutenxa kwindlela esisetyenziswe ngayo amanani eziqhelekileyo.

Ziziphi izinto ezinokuchaphazela iziphumo zokufunda?

Laboratory unokunika isigulane iziphumo ngokwesini kunye nobudala. Umzekelo, iinqobo reference of creatinine (xa isifundo serum) ngabantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 - 74-110 mmol / L, emva 50 - 70-127 mmol / l. Iimpawu Abafazi zibekiwe, kungajongwanga budala yi 60-100 mmol / l. Amaxabiso yesingqiniso hCG kubantu besini ngobulungisa kuxhomekeka ekubeni isigulane ekhulelwe okanye hayi. Kwiziphumo zophando zingachaphazela unyango onesiphumo, ingakumbi yemihla ngemihla kunye nokudla. Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba imikhwa emibi: ukutshaya, utywala okanye ikofu ngokugqithiseleyo. Nkqu yokuma yomguli ngexesha kokunikezelwa elayibrari kuchaphazela ukusebenza. Umzekelo, calcium kunye albumin ukuze kwandiswe xa ukutshintsha imeko yomguli ukusuka tye ukuya nkqo. Ukuze ufumane iziphumo oluchanekileyo phambi kokuba uvavanyo specialist ingenza isindululo ngaphandle umthambo, ntshikilelo, ukuyeka ukutshaya kunye notywala, amayeza okanye iipilisi ozisebenzisayo, kunye neevithamini.

Impembelelo umzimba ngeziphumo

Akucetyiswa ukuba bahambele olwandulela umthambo yophando. umsebenzi impembelelo Physical kwi enzymatic umsebenzi kreatinfosfokenazy, dehydrogenase zincancise, aminotransferase aspartate. Iimbaleki ngubani iminyaka emininzi ukwenza enzima okanye lweembaleki ukuze kunyuswa amanqanaba luteinizing hormone, zegazi lwamajoni testosterone. Ukuqwalasela zonke ezi zinto, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukulandela imigaqo ethile phambi kokuba unikezelo wohlalutyo. Ukulungiselela le okanye ugqirha phando unika iingcebiso ezithile. Ukuba isigulane kufuneka imimiselo zobungcali, ngoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukufumana iziphumo ezichanekileyo kwaye ngqo.

abadla

Kukho iingcamango ezininzi malunga amaxabiso reference yaye, enyanisweni, iziphumo zophando. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba izinto ezinxaxhileyo kwisiqhelo ngokuyimfuneko kubonisa yokuphazamiseka emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusoloko kunjalo. Iziphumo ezingaphaya kumaqondo eqhelekileyo, lubonisa imfuneko engaphezulu injongo yophando okanye uhlalutyo-kwakhona. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba umphumo ayilubonisi ukunyhashwa, kwaye iwele 5% of amatyala apho zokwahluka waphawula kubantu abasempilweni. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ugqirha uza kuthatha amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukuze kuhlolwe kakuhle le meko. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngentla apha, zininzi izinto ezinokuthi nefuthe umphumo. Ngokomzekelo, ukwanda isiqulatho iswekile egazini nga ibonise ukuba isifo seswekile, yaye iimpazamo ekutyeni. amanqanaba Lipid kwanda kwimeko lokuhanjiswa kuhlalutyo abayi bazilile. Ukwandisa enqanda isibindi kuba ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kotywala kwi olwandulela uphando, kunokuba kunye kwesibindi. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, iziphumo nempembelelo kunye nokuthatha amayeza. Namhlanje amashishini amayeza bavelise isixa esikhulu iziyobisi. Lab ngamanye amaxesha nje Andinaxesha ukuphonononga imiphumela zabo parameters igazi okanye ezinye izinto. Kwezinye iimeko, Amaxabiso anokuba sime ngeenyawo ngokwabo, ukuba ezibe umda amaxabiso reference.

Endifanele sikhathalele ukuba iziphumo izifundo kuluhlu eqhelekileyo?

Ngokubanzi, la manani ngokungathandabuzekiyo uphawu elungileyo kwaye ubonise kungekho naziphi na izitenxo emzimbeni. Noko ke, ngokutsho iingcali ezininzi, kukho iseti ethile yezifundo akuqinisekisi ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo iingxaki zempilo. processing izibalo of reference parameter kusoloko isivumelwano kwenxenye iziphumo abantu ezimbi yaye isempilweni. Ngamanye amazwi, le yokugqibela kungekho ukunyhashwa kumsebenzi komsebenzi omzimba ukuze athambise eqhelekileyo. Ngokufanayo, abantu ezimbi iziphumo zovavanyo ibe phakathi kwemida eqhelekileyo. Beempawu luchaneke kakhulu, njengoko umthetho, linokuphinda linyulwe emva kwexesha isifundo. Xa kuvavanywa Dynamics utshintsho ngcali ithi kungekho nawuphi na umthetho okanye ukrokrela nayiphi na ngezifo. Kwimeko yesibini ukucacisa uxilongo amisele elongeziweyo loviwo.