I ASCII, abalinganiswa: inkcazelo, itheyibhile khowudi kunye neendidi

Njengoko yaziwa, ikhompyutha igcina ulwazi ngohlobo yokubini, phambi kwayo njengoko kulandelelwano abo kunye amaqanda. Ukuguqulela ulwazi kwifomu efanelekileyo ukutyiwa ngabantu, ulandelelwano ngamnye unique kwamanani xa ebonisa indawo yi umlinganiswa ahambelanayo.

Enye iinkqubo ukuhlanganisa codes okubini elizakushicilelwa kwaye zokulawula i ASCII.

Kumphakamo wangoku zophuhliso zobugcisa computer umsebenzisi akuyomfuneko ukwazi ikhowudi uphawu ngalunye. Noko ke, ukuqonda jikelele esephepheni yenziwa njani phandle, kuluncedo kakhulu, kwaye ezinye iindidi ziingcali kunye bonke kuyimfuneko.

Yenza ASCII

Xa uhlobo lokuqala esephepheni oko yasungulwa ngo-1963 kwaye iminyaka emva koko 25 kuhlaziywa kabini.

Xa inguqulelo yokuqala kwetafile ASCII umlinganiswa iquka abalinganiswa 128, uguqulelo kamva sibonakala eyandisiweyo, apho abalinganiswa 128 zokuqala igcinwa kunye neekhowudi inxaxheba iisimboli bit yesibhozo zazotywa ngaphambili emsebenzini.

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, le khowudi yeyona idumileyo ehlabathini. Ngo-2006 indawo ephambili wathabatha yesiLatini 1252, yaye ekupheleni kuka-2007 kwaye ngoku ibamba indawo ephambili ngokuqinileyo Unicode.

Computer ASCII ukumelwa

Nganye ASCII-onesimilo ikhowudi yayo eziquka 8, emele unothi okanye elinye. Elona nani lincinane ukumelwa loo zero (zero ezisibhozo kwinkqubo okubini), nto leyo ngumthombo element lokuqala kule theyibhile.

Ubuninzi code yokubini ukuba ASCII inguqulelo yokuqala alisebenzi + iiyunithi ezisixhenxe, yaye nenguqulelo eyandisiweyo - iiyunithi ezisibhozo, enxulumene njengoko bit wesibhozo.

zokulawula

zokulawula zibizwa ngokuba imiqondiso ezingenawo abalinani lomzobo kwaye esetyenziselwa nokucwangciswa kweetekisi, ulawulo isixhobo, njalo kusenokubonisa ekuqaleni okanye ekupheleni itekisi, tabs, adala uphawu isandi, imisebenzi ezahlukeneyo ze itheminali (teletype - .. Matshini ukugqithisa data channel zombane) ukusonjululwa data device imveliso, njl ukurhoxiswa isenzo.

Kwitheyibhile ASCII umlinganiswa izikhundla-0 ukuya kwi-31, yaye 127 ezabelwe zokulawula. Ngamanqaku ayi-33.

Abalinganiswa ezishiyekileyo

Eziseleyo 95 zithuba zigcinelwe amanqaku iziphumlisi kunye imisebenzi zezibalo, amanani lokugqibela, oonobumba be-alfabhethi, irejista ezahlukeneyo: "A" kunye eyinkunzi "A" zihambisana tyaba yokuba iikhowudi ezahlukileyo etafileni ASCII umlinganiswa.

amanani Character kule theyibhile

Ukuba umntu inxaxheba kuphuhliso software, okanye ukwenza ezinye imisebenzi evela kwizifundo zobuxhakaxhaka bolwazi, kuyimfuneko ukwazi inani eziliqela ASCII abalinganiswa.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, indawo 0-31 no 127 ukuthatha zokulawula. Number 32 wabelwa ukuya isithuba, inombolo 33-47, kwaye 58-64 ziqwetyelwe iziphumlisi kunye nezibalo esisiseko imisebenzi.

oonobumba abakhulu Latin zacwangciswa ngokwe-alfabethi kwaye kwababaliweyo ukusuka th 65 ukuya th 90. oonobumba abakhulu nabancinci nayo zacwangciswa ngokwe-alfabethi, izikhundla zabo - ukusuka th 97 ukuya th 122. Amanani eseleyo (91-96 kwaye 123-126) onikelwe kwizibiyeli kunye braces, uphawu elibhalwe ngokumileyo kunye ngqo, ngokunjalo ezinye kwamanqaku lwemvakalo-zwi.

itheyibhile Full zeesimboli kwi ukumelwa elula lomzobo kunokubonwa kumfanekiso ngasentla. Lo mzobo ungezantsi ubonisa inani imiqondiso Russian itheyibhile ASCII umlinganiswa.

ASCII Extended

Ekubeni inguqulelo yokuqala esephepheni saphuhliswa, esekelwe ilungu American, akukho nto kwabonelelwa ngeendidi nje ezahlukeneyo zokubhala kunye babona nobumba zesizwe, kodwa nkqu ukusetyenziswa elula zoonobumba, -Ukuthatha ezisetyenziswa ngeelwimi zaseYurophu.

bit 8 wazibandakanya ukuze kwakhiwe nokhowudo ende. Le version iquka iisimboli amagama zesizwe yaseYurophu kunye nokubhalwa phonetic, iielementi zegrafiki, ezisetyenziswa iitafile zokuzoba, inani weesimboli zezibalo.

Abanye ASCII-abalinganiswa akuvamanga kusetyenziswa namhlanje. Ngokukodwa, oku kusebenza kubalinganiswa ezisetyenziselwa ukuba ukuzoba iitheyibhile, njengoko kule minyaka ukususela kuphuhliso enkhowudingi eyandisiweyo, phi iindlela lula ngakumbi ukumelwa lomzobo iitafile ziye zaziswa.

National wobeko encoding

Phambi kokuvela ASCII eyandisiweyo uguqulelo ukubonisa abalinganiswa ngamazwe kusetyenziswa remanufactured uguqulelo ukhowudo, apho ukubeka Latin bafakwa Russian, isiGrike, abalinganiswa Arabhu.

codes ezimbini kule theyibhile zigcinelwe ululayite ngokulula phakathi komgangatho US-ASCII yaye injongo yayo.

Emva kokuba ASCII baba aziquki 128 no 256 abalinganiswa, ukusasazeka ngenxa Option ukhowudo, apho inguqulelo yokuqala ye etafileni ebigcinwe kwi khowudi 128 zokuqala ngeqanda bit 8. Iimpawu uncwadi lesizwe zigcinwe kwisiqingatha eliphezulu etafileni (indawo 128-255-th).

Ukuze ukwazi Iikhowudi uphawu ASCII ngqo umsebenzisi ingafuneki. Software Developer kudla ngokwaneleyo ukuze ukwazi inani sakhi kwitheyibhile ukubala ikhowudi, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokubini.

ulwimi Russian

Emva uphuhliso ekuqaleni-imi- 70 enkhowudingi zeelwimi yaseScandinavia, IsiTshayina, IsiKorean, isiGrike, njl, Ukudala uguqulelo yabo abangene kunye eSoviet Union. Kungekudala inguqulelo nokhowudo-8-bit ekuthiwa KOI8, ukulondoloza ikhowudi ASCII yokuqala 128 yabela inani elifanayo kwizikhundla phantsi oonobumba be-alfabhethi kazwelonke kunye nabalinganiswa ezongezelelweyo.

Phambi kokuba kwaziswe Unicode KOI8 abagqibayo kwi abangakwaziyo Russian ye Internet. Kwakukho yokwahluka encoding Russian, nangenxa oonobumba Ukrainian.

iingxaki ASCII

Ekubeni inani leziqalelo nkqu kwitheyibhile eyandisiweyo ayidluli 256, kungenzeka ukwamkelwa ngekhowudi eyodwa eziliqela iincwadi zeempendulo ezahlukeneyo ndingekho. Kule 90 bekukho ingxaki RuNet "Eish, udoti" xa umbhalo ochwetheziweyo Russian ASCII eboniswe ngokungachanekanga.

Ingxaki yaba ukungangqinelani ngayo iikhowudi iinketho ezahlukeneyo ASCII omnye komnye. Khumbula ukuba kwizikhundla 128-255 inokubekwa imiqondiso ezahlukeneyo, yaye xa utshintsha umlinganiswa othile besiCyrillic ebekwe kwenye, zonke iincwadi zokufunda indawo ngabanye ukuba inani elifanayo kwenye codes uguqulelo.

imeko yangoku

Nokufika Unicode ASCII baduma iyemka.

Isizathu soku usendleleni yokuba iiseti umlinganiswa omtsha wavumela ukuba ziqulathe iimpawu iilwimi phantse zonke ezibhaliweyo. Kulo mzekelo, zokuqala 128 ASCII abasebenzi bahambelana umlinganiswa efanayo Unicode.

Ngo-2000, yaba yeyona ethandwa ASCII-khowudi kwi-Internet yaye isetyenziswa yi-60% of indexed "Google" iphepha le web. Kakade ngawo 2012 inani lamaphepha ezinjalo liye lehla kwi-17%, kwaye nendawo encoding kakhulu ethandwa wathabatha Unicode (UTF-8).

Ngenxa yoko, ASCII yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yembali zobuxhakaxhaka bolwazi, kodwa usebenziso lwayo kwixesha elizayo kubonakala isenzakalo.