Udidi lweoli

Ioli iyasetyenziswa ukucoca injini kwimoto. Kungaba ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ukukhethwa kwalolu hlobo okanye olu hlobo luxhomekeke ngqo kwiinjini kunye nazo zonke iimeko apho isithuthi sisebenza khona.

Namhlanje, ii-oyile zeemoto zihlukaniswe zibe ziseko ezintathu: ngohlobo, nge-viscosity, ngenjongo kunye nomgangatho.

1. Thayipha. Kule meko, i- oyile , i-synthetic kunye ne-semi-synthetic oil zihluke . Ifomeralal ifumaneka ngokuxuba i-distillate base kunye namafutha asele. Ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye lifanelekileyo kwiinjini ezininzi. Uhlobo lohlobo lubiza kakhulu, kodwa ngelo xesha luneziphumo eziphezulu zokusebenza. Ioli enjalo ingasetyenziselwa nayiphi na imeko yemozulu kwaye nangaliphi na ixesha. Uhlobo lwe-Semisynthetic lufumaneka ngokudibanisa ezimbini ezidlulileyo, ngoko lukhombisi olungcono kunezinto ezichanekileyo kunye nexabiso elincinane kunexabiso elithile. Leoli ingasetyenziselwa zonke iintlobo zeenjini.

2. Ukungahambi kakuhle. Esi sibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu. Isekelwe ekuhlelweni kweoli ye-SAE J-300, inesihlanu ehlobo kunye nezinye ezithandathu zokukhethwa kwebusika. Ezi zilandelayo ziboniswa yileta "w" (25w, 20w, 15w, 10w, 5w, 0w). Incinci idijithi yokuqala, i- viscosity yeoli iyancipha kwinqanaba lokushisa kwaye iqalo lokuqala lokubanda lilula. Umzekelo, ukuba i-viscosity i-0w, ke umpompo uya kuba nako ukupompa i-oyile kwi-35 ° C ngaphantsi kwe-zero, kwaye i-starter iya kukwazi ukukrola injini -30 ° C. Ngelo xesha, i-viscosity index is 3.8 mm2 / s. Ukuba i-viscosity ye-SAE ingama-25W, ukukhubazeka kunokwenzeka kwi -10 ° C, kunye ne-crankability kwi -5 ° C (i-visemity kinematic yi-9.3 mm2 / s). Amafutha ehlobo anqatshelwe ngamanani angama-60, ke ama-50, ama-40, ama-30 kunye no-20. Kukho nemveliso yexesha lonke elibizwa ngokuba yi-double name: yowokuqala ubusika, okwesibini kudidi lwehlobo (SAE 10W-30, umzekelo).

3. Ukwahlulelwa kweoli ngoyilo luwahlula kulawo asetyenziselwa iinjini zepetroli kunye nalawo asetyenziselwa iinjini ze-diesel. Kukho nemveliso yendalo yonke. Ngomgangatho, bonke banezinga eliphantsi okanye eliphakamileyo. Ukutyunjwa kwamafutha e-oyile kubalwa ngamaqela amaninzi: i-American kunye neYurophu, enquma indawo yokusetyenziswa kwayo. Inkqubo yaseYurophu ithathwa njengeqinile. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiipropati ze-oyile (i-antiwear, antioxidant, anti-corrosion, washingings, njl.), Yabo yeklasi ethile ikwasekwa.

Inkqubo ye-American API ihlula amafutha kwiindidi ezilandelayo: "S" kwiinjini zepetroli kunye ne "C" zeenjini ze-dizeli.

Ukwahlulelwa kweoli kule nkqubo lulandelayo:

- i-petroli yeenjini-SM (2004), SL (2001) kunye no-SJ (1996), SH (1993), SG (1989);

- ii-diesel - i-CI-4 (2002), i-CH-4 (1998), kunye ne-CG-4 (1995), i-CF (1994) kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, i-CF-2 (1994), CE (1987), i-CD-II 1987).

Iileta emva kwe-S no-C zibonisa umgangatho wemveliso. Kungcono ukuba loo leta iqhubeka ngokulandelelwano lwe-alfabhethi. Namhlanje, amafutha abhalwe ngokuthi "B" kunye ne "A" avelwanga, njengoko enokusebenza okuphantsi.

Inkqubo yaseYurophu ichaza ngokubanzi iinkcukacha zendawo kunye nommandla apho kusetyenziselwa khona ii-oyile. Udidi lwe- ACEA lunamacandelo amathathu: "yi-A" yepetroli, kwaye "B" kunye ne "E" yeenjini ze-dizeli. Ukususela ngo-2004, itekisi "C" ibonakale, ioli apho zifanelekileyo ezi zombini iintlobo.

Ukwahlulelwa kweoli ngokwemigaqo yeYurophu lulandelayo:

- ngeenjini zepetroli (imoto kunye neebhasi) - А5-2002, А4-98, А3-96, kunye no-А2-96, А1-96;

- idizili (iimoto kunye neebhasi) - В5-2002, В4-98, В3-96, В2-96 kwaye, ekugqibeleni, В1-96;

- iinjinjini zamaloli kunye nezitimela zendlela - E5-99, E4-99, E4-98, E3-96, E2-96, kwakunye ne-E1-96.

Inkulu kwinani ekumakishiweni, ngcono ioli (imoto). Unyaka oboniswe ngophononongo ngumnyaka wokuvunyelwa kweenkcukacha.

Umqhubi ngamnye unokukhetha ioli injini ecinga ukuba ifanelekile. Nangona kunjalo, ngokukhetha kwakhe, yena, ngenye indlela okanye enye, uya kuxhomekeka kulolu hlobo olukhankanywe ngasentla.