Ukuhlelwa ubengo amafutha motor

A Ukukhetha eyiyo oyile ngeemoto buyafuneka ukuze ngaxeshanye nayiphi na injini yemoto. Ngoko ke, lo mcimbi kufuneka anikwe ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho ukuhlelwa ezininzi ezahlukeneyo amafutha motor. The main iparameters ezisisiseko zazo zezi zilandelayo:

• uhlobo;
• viscosity;
• mfanelo.

Yeyona ixhaphakileyo bonke ukuhlelwa oyile lwemoto hlobo:

• Mineral -oyile injini. inzuzo yabo imali ephantsi ngokufanelekileyo. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba spectrum zokusetyenziswa kwezi oyile ingavulekanga kakhulu. Manufacturing lwenziwa ngokuxuba oyile lentsalela kunye / okanye distilyatnyh.
• oyile motor Wokwenziwa. Uncedo engundoqo ukukwazi ukusebenzisa phantse kuzo zonke iimeko. Yiloo nto nje ixabiso kubo inkulu ngokwaneleyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba amalungu ezikumgangatho ophezulu zisetyenziswa kwinkqubo imveliso, kwakunye nezixhobo ezintsonkothileyo.
• oyile motor semi-zokwenziwa. ukusebenzisa kwabo kuyingenelo kakhulu bobabini imoto kunye nomnikazi wayo. Ezi oyile injini akubizi, ukunceda ukunciphisa amafutha, kwaye kananjalo babe nokwenza okulungileyo. Ngelo xesha linye ingasetyenziswa kuzo zonke iindidi injini.

Ulwahlulo amafutha lwemoto viscosity yabo (æ-ngezigaba) yinto eqhelekileyo. Ngokutsho esi salathisi, ukuba yahlulwe ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

• ebusika;
• ehlobo;
• lonyaka.

Ukuphawula oyile injini lohlobo ebusika lwenziwa usebenzisa oonobumba "W" (0W, 5W, 10W, njalo njalo). Uphakamile inani phambi leta, kungona viscosity. Njengokuba ukwenza ntoni ehlotyeni amafutha kweemoto, bona nabo bonke uphawu amanani kuphela isimiso efanayo. oyile multigrade anomoya amanani-2 egameni lakhe ngokupheleleyo. Enanikade wokuqala babo ibonisa viscosity oyile kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi, kwaye yesibini - le viscosity onamandla kwi 150 ^o C kunye kinematic kwi-100 ^o C.

Kuyabonakala ukuba, eyona inzima kakhulu lucalulo umgangatho oyile motor. isiseko kwayo ngo-1947, xa kukho ekuthiwa-API-ukushiyana. Kwagqitywa zincediswa izihlandlo eziliqela. Ukuhlelwa yanamhlanje elolu hlobo lisukela emva 2001. Ngokutsho kwakhe, bonke oyile motor zahlulwe iindidi ezimbini ezibanzi:

• inkonzo: 9 iquka;
• commercial: iquka-10.

Zonke oli motor kusuka servise zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwinjini ukuba zisebenzisa ipetroli. Ngokuphathelele oyile zorhwebo, ukuba zilungiselelwe powertrains diesel.

Kukho 1 ngaphezulu Ukuhlelwa kwamanqanaba motor umgangatho oyile - ACEA. Ukuluma zonke iintlobo oyile zibe ngamaqela ama-3: A, B na C. Eyokuqala kwezi kuquka ntlobo 3: A1, A2 no A3. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ukuba iinjini ukusebenza ipetroli. Iqela lesibini zohlulwa ngokwendidi 4: B1, B2, B3 kunye B4. Ezi oyile injini zenziwa ukusetyenziswa injini idizili ubukhaphukhaphu efakwe iimoto abakhweli kunye iiveni senziwe nesiseko sayo. Iqela lesithathu kwakhona iquka iintlobo-4 ka-oyile: C1, C2, C3 no C4. Zisetyenziswa kwinjini idizili enzima, ezo baxhotyiswa neelori.