Ubume kuqweqwe lomhlaba

Ngokutsho concepts mihla, umhlaba yokwakheka yethu iquka maleko ezininzi - Geospheres. Ahluke zokuhlola yabo, iikhemikhali ukwakhiwa kunye nobume udibaniso. Embindini uMhlaba undoqo, kulandele imentile, ngoko - kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, kwehayidrosfere kunye nomoya.

Kweli nqaku siza kuqwalasela isakhiwo kuqweqwe lomhlaba, yona inxalenye nakumphezulu lithosfere. Umele iqokobhe engaphandle eqinileyo zomhlaba, amandla apho lisezantsi kakhulu (1.5%) ukuba zifane obhityileyo umboniso emhlabeni wonke. Noko ke, nangona oku, umaleko phezulu kolu qweqwe lomhlaba umdla omkhulu kuluntu njengomthombo kwezimbiwa.

Amaxolo ingumhlaba ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulwe ngeengcamba ezintathu, iyileyo ngendlela yalo emangalisayo.

1. maleko Top - yodaka. Ifikelela Ebubanzini km ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kuma-20. rocks ngentlenga akhiwa ngenxa yokulahlwa kwe izinto kumhlaba, okanye neentlenge zabo emazantsi kwehayidrosfere. Bayinxalenye kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, lulele ngomaleko zakhe ezilandelelanayo.
2. maleko eliphakathi - zakhiwe. balo babulingana nesandla ziyahluka ukusuka km-10 ukuya kuma-40. Le rock maleko igneous nzima ukhandwa daka mlilo kunye Ukuqinisa ezalandela emva koko ekwabhengezwa emhlabeni yatyeba ngamandla kunye neqondo lobushushu.
3. Umaleko emazantsi, inxalenye ubume kwesikhoko - abangelwe, kakhulu, iba imvelaphi ukubona. Inika imali olukhulu calcium, intsimbi nezinki, kwaye ubunzima bayo mkhulu ngaphezu koko yengxondorha lenyengane.

Ubume kuqweqwe lomhlaba akufani yonke. Ingakumbi umahluko umxhelo le uqweqwe yolwandle nezelizwekazi. Phantsi elwandle kwesikhoko ukubhitya kwaye yatyeba phantsi amazwekazi. It has Ebubanzini kakhulu kwiindawo ezintabeni.

Ubume uqweqwe yolwandle iqulathe lamanqanaba amabini - sedimentary basaltic. Phantsi esibekwa abangelwe yi Mokho komhlaba, kulandele imentile eliphezulu. Kolwandle iye nzima Iifom isiqabu. Phakathi konke ukwahluka kwabo ziyathandwa lwamawa enkulu yee-ulwandle, apho yokwaleka asahlumayo abaselula uqweqwe basaltic yolwandle. Daka uyayinikwa kumphezulu through fault eyendeleyo - komsantsa kolona embindini kummango ecaleni ntaba. kwanda magma Ngaphandle, ngaloo rhoqo ihlaba iindonga udonga ngaphandle. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba "ekusasazeni".

isakhiwo ezingu kuyantsonkotha kumazwekazi kunokuba ngaphantsi kolwandle. Eqweqweni lizwekazi ithatha indawo encinci kakhulu olwandle - ukuya kuma-40% of kumphezulu womhlaba, kodwa a kakhulu enkulwana. Phantsi rocks ifikelela Ebubanzini 60-70 km. Eqweqweni lizwekazi na isakhiwo umaleko ezintathu-- a intlenga ezikroziswayo, igranite abangelwe. Ngokwamacandelo, ekuthiwa amakhaka, inyengane umaleko yi-sangqa kumphandle. Ngokomzekelo - kwiBaltic Shield, eyakhiwe ematyeni negranite.

kakhulu kwamanzi kweli lizwekazi - aphezulu unalo isakhiwo ezingu yezwekazi lethu. Oku kuquka ne Kalimantan, New Zealand, New Guinea, Sulawesi, eGreenland, Madagascar, Sakhalin, njl Njengokuba kwakunye iilwandle lwangaphakathi, kanye .: Lo kwiMeditera, kuLwandle Azov, uLwandle Black.

Umaleko umda phakathi igranite abangelwe kunokuba ngokungaphelelanga kuphela, ekubeni izinga efanayo kwamaza wenyikima, nto leyo ixhomekeke lexinene lamanqanaba zomhlaba kunye nokwakheka kwawo. Abangelwe Mokho umaleko wadibana kumphezulu. Intlenge layer abe nende ezahlukeneyo, ngokuxhomekeke ibekwe phezu kwayo zomhlaba. Entabeni, umzekelo, yena nokuba andifikanga, okanye ubukhulu encinane kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba amasuntswana evakalala namhlanje bachukumiseka phantsi ecaleni kumathambeka phantsi kwempembelelo amabutho angaphandle. Kodwa unamandla kakhulu kwimimandla esezantsi kolundi, sizizifanya kunye misinga. Ngenxa yoko, i-lweCaspian uxinezeleko lufikelela km 22.