Ubisi: Iintlobo lobisi neemveliso zobisi, imveliso kunye nokugcinwa

Yintoni na ubisi? Zobisi kunye neempawu yalo encedayo kuya kwenziwa izinto kweli nqaku. Siya ndithi kuwe ngezinto izilwanyana lo imveliso nendlela ukugcina kakuhle.

Overview

Ubisi ekuthiwa yi-cerebrospinal lwezondlo yenziweyo amadlala mammary ezincancisayo. injongo yaso yendalo ukondla iintsana bangekabi nako ukugaya nokunye ukutya.

Ubisi kunye neemveliso zobisi yinxalenye iintlobo ezininzi ghjlernjd, esetyenziswa yi ndoda. imveliso yawo lishishini elikhulu.

Ubisi kunye neemveliso zobisi

Ubisi ovela secretion kwamadlala mammary ezincancisayo. Kuyinto ulwelo omhlophe (ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba ithinti bulubhelu) kunye incasa elithozamisayo.

Kakhulu, kweli lizwe asele ubisi lwenkomo, kusingathwa Iideri. Noko ke, kwezinye iintlanga, le mveliso kudla zifumaneka ngokuthi ukusenga ezinye izilwanyana. Umzekelo, iigusha, imazi yehashe, iinkamela, iibhokhwe kunye nabanye. Ngoko ke, eemazi ubisi ilungele ukulungiselela koumiss, eyenziwe itshizi zeegusha, yaye iinkamela - shubat.

isakhiwo

Ziziphi amaqela aquka ubisi? Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo ubisi. Ngenxa ukutshintsha ukwakhiwa kwawo. Kwakhona kuxhomekeke kwi iintlobo zezilwanyana, ibakala lokwaphusa, ixesha njalo njalo.

Ngokutsho iingcali, le mveliso iqulathe iiprothini oluxandileyo, nazo zonke asidi kubalulekile acid.

Le ingaba mammary yesilwanyana siqulathe ezininzi iiseli singene nkovu, imithambo yegazi nemithambo. Beninikela zonke izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze kuyondelelaniswe ubisi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukwakhiwa le mveliso ziquka amafutha kunye carbohydrate ngohlobo iswekile ezilula kunye lactose. Ukuqhekeka yokugqibela ethunjini pretty kade. Ngenxa igwele esithintelweyo le mveliso.

fat Ubisi emiselwe isixa amanqatha eziqulathwe kuyo. Bona zikwimeko of emulsion kwaye nomxube oluntsonkothileyo triglycerides, leyo zineevithamini fat-enyibilikayo kunye lecithin.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba mafutha ubisi umisela umxholo wayo osidingayo. Nangona iingcali zithi ukuba nkqu imveliso amanqatha aliqulathanga ngaphezulu kwama-60 kcal ml 100 nganye.

Yintoni na ubisi? zobisi

Amaninzi, ukutya zidliwe ubisi kwiindawo. Yahlulahlulwe yaba iintlobo:

• Yonke. Le ubisi zifane, equlethe isixa esithile namanqatha (ngamanye amazwi, 2.5% okanye 3.2%).
• Lilungiswe. ubisi eso ngokungaphelelanga okanye ngokupheleleyo ezenziwe ngobisi enkonkxiweyo, nto leyo nyulu, kwiindawo, homogenized, lupholile, bathulula nezinye. Le mveliso kudla elungiswe ezinyibilikayo emanzini ashushu, ubisi yonke ibe luthuthu ingubo yayo iiyure ezine. Yaba ngeli xesha na kudumba iiproteni shwaka incasa anzongonzongo, kwakunye kuba ezixineneyo eqhelekileyo kunye viscosity.
• Zaphela. Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba umbala ubisi zaphela abe umthunzi amnandi bukhrim. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuba umxholo wayo amanqatha ngaphantsi kwe-6%. Oku ngobushushu kwaye kwabanjwa homogenized kubushushu ngeedegree ezimalunga 95 iiyure ezine. Hi ndlela leyi, le unyango imveliso yenza umbala inyibilika cream ubisi kwaye ulunika incasa ekhethekileyo nevumba.
• fat Milk ukwanda. Le imveliso nganye ezinga malungu abantu leyo yalulanyiselwa homogenisation. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isiphathele mafutha-6%.
• Protein. Yinto na ubisi kuphela. Xa inkqubo ukuzinza kuyo ukongeza ubisi yinto enye okanye ubisi olungumgubo. Le mveliso yohlukile isiqulatho ophezulu kumacandelo fat-free.
• Enqatyisiweyo. Le ubisi esimnandi kakhulu kwaye esempilweni. It yenziwe ukusuka ezisezantsi-fat okanye imveliso yonke ahlanganiswe neevithamini C, A no-D
• Ezinqinileyo. Elisezantsi fat-ubisi umgangatho usoloko amahlwempu. imveliso enjalo ilungisiwe ukususela kweziselo ngobushushu yi ngokwahlukana kwayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ikhontenti yalo nenqatha yi-0.05%.

Ke kaloku, ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni na ubisi. Zobisi zidweliswe ngasentla.

Ngokutsho kwezinye Iingcali zokutya, isifundo imveliso kwi nzala, kunokuba yingozi kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngulo unyango calcium kunye nobisi proteni isipirithi yaye kamva kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo.

mveliso processing

ubisi Yingozi kukuba ezinokuchaphazela kakubi urhulumente kwenkqubo zokwetyisa komntu. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwenzeka kuphela xa imveliso sele yonakele.

Ukwandisa lokugcinwa le tywala ingqalelo, nobisi olutsha kuqala lupholile kwaye ecociweyo, ize emva koko ithunyelwe kwi-mveliso. Apho ke phantsi zokucoca, kwiindawo, nganye ezinga malungu abantu, homogenized, yaye zipholile zacwangciswa.

Ngesi imithi unikwa ugcina zonke iimpawu iyingenelo. Ngaphezu koko, athintele ukukhula kunye nophuhliso ezincinane ababanjwe kulo.

Benkamela ubisi, inkomo, ibhokhwe, yehashe kunye t. D. Hayi ukuvelisa, kwaye kufunxwa izilwanyana yokusenga. Kodwa ke ngakumbi phantsi processing ekhethekileyo. Le yokusela nyulu molokoochistitelyah centrifugal zahluzwa phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ngenxa yale mveliso isusa konke ukungcola.

Ukugcina ubisi iiseli iintsholongwane basebenzisa icentrifuge okhethekileyo. Njengoko iyaziwa, onjalo inkqubo yokucoca ibizwa baktefunirovaniem.

zonyango

nje ubisi ukuya ezivenkileni abakwazi. Kwimeko-bume mveliso ngayo ngokuyimfuneko phantsi naluphi na unyango.

Ukuzinza yobisi ekubhekiselwe ukunyusa okanye unciphise eziqulathwe zamathontsana ngamanqatha. Ngaba ukuba ukuzisa isibonisi wathi eqhelekileyo.

imveliso pushdown Amafutha kufuneka ingadluli 3.2%. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kuya kusingathwa ngokusebenzisa umahluli-normalizer okanye oxutywe ubisi yonke.

Pasteurisation lwenziwa phantsi kokuqwalaselwa tywala ukunyusa ubomi yayo ukonakala. Ngokuba lo ubisi standardised ufakwa ukufudumeza unyango kubushushu ngeedegree hayi ngaphezulu kwe 85 kunye nokuguga kwimizuzwana 15-20.

Pasteurization lifutshane, nangephanyazo nehlala ixesha elide. Kuba zonke ezi ntlobo basebenzisa processing hardware ezahlukeneyo.

Ngokutsho kweengcali, pasteurization ozenzekelayo yenziwe ngaphandle kwexesha imizuzwana embalwa. Kulo mzekelo, ubushushu zokufudumeza kufika kumgomo 85-90.

Xa pasteurisation short unikwa lashushu degrees 75 ize ibe imizuzwana 17.

pasteurisation Continuous ikhutshwa phandle kubushushu degrees 65 kwalibaziseka seyure.

Amaninzi, ubisi mveliso, ixabiso yayo zidweliswe ngezantsi, ufakwa pasteurization elifutshane.

iqhagamshela

Olunye uhlobo ukuprosesa iqhagamshela ubisi. Loo indlela efunekayo ukwenziwa ngakumbi iimveliso zobisi inegwele.

Yintoni iqhagamshela? Le fat egaya mechanical amathontsi zibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci. processing unikwa leyo yenzelwa ufumane emulsion owenziwe makangahlukani ngexesha logcino.

Emva iqhagamshela, imveliso ngokukhawuleza zipholile ukuya kumanqanaba 4-6 zize zithunyelwe iziphaza.

iimveliso zobisi akhutshwa ubisi ngobushushu kuphela. Ngesiqhelo, oku kusenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini - dami kunye thermostat.

Xa indlela itanki itanki luyaphuphuma imveliso igqityiwe, nto leyo eye lokuqala zigcinwa for nokwanda esivuthiweyo tarakh ekhethekileyo.

Xa indlela thermostatic homogenized kweziselo kwabiwa umkhumbi acidify ku thermostats, uze emva koko zipholile ukuya kwiqondo lobushushu degrees 8.

Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, lo sokuvalwa ubisi usebenzisa indlela kusebenze. Oku kusekelwe ukusetyenziswa imitha yobushushu kunye eyingozi.

Iimpawu yobisi izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo

Abantu abaninzi Ndandikade ndicinga ukuba ubisi yasekhaya - ubisi yenkomo. Noko ke, kwezinye iindawo, kuquka kwilizwe lethu, sebenzisa nezinye iintlobo zemveliso. Le ezifunyenwe ukusenga kwezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo. Cinga iimpawu zezi iziselo ngoku.

imvu

Le ubisi fat, osisityebi iiprotheni. It has ezixineneyo kunye iasidi. Ngenxa yokungabikho carotene waba ithinti nombala.

Xa iigusha tywala eziqulathwe 6% protein. Kulo mzekelo 80% - yi casein kunye% 20 - iiproteni serum.

Loo imveliso ngenkuthalo kusetyenziswa ukulungiselela ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zamasi: pekarino, itshizi, Kashkaval, Roquefort itshizi kunye nezinye kobiysky. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Central Asia, ukuba yenziwe ibe ibhotolo.

imbuzi

Le imveliso zizityebi albumin, phosphorus, calcium kunye novithamini C. Ngenxa yokuba inani elincinane colorants inombala ukukhanya. Emva nisela iyajiya ubisi kunye neefom a Imihlubulo ezincinane. Ngenxa kule oku lula zifunxwe ngumzimba.

isiselo ibhokhwe zidliwe yonke okanye eyenziwayo. Ngenxa yokuba yenza zamasi kunye neemveliso zobisi. Bona luphawulwa ngeempawu ephilisayo zothintelo, ziluncedo ingakumbi izifo gastro-emathunjini.

Le nothululwayo kudla ifakiwe ukutya yokutya nosana.

imazi yehashe

Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, ekuqaleni ihashe zazifuyiwe ukuvelisa inyama kunye nobisi. Kamva, isilwanyana yaqala iya kusetyenziselwa ukunceda kweli khaya.

Eemazi zamahashe ethululwayo bumnandi, apile ukungcamla, kunye ithinti oluhlaza. Ngaphezu koko, iimpawu bactericidal abalinganiswa yona. Le mveliso rhoqo kakhulu isetyenziselwa ngokwenziwa koumiss. Kusetyenziswa unyango lwesifo sephepha okwenziwa sisilonda sikabhobhosi kunye nezinye.

ikamela

Le nomnikelo ke ukudla ephambili entlango, semi-kwintlango yabemi Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Georgia and Armenia. It unohlobo oluthile texture kamnandi nepeni.

Ikamela zobisi ubhebhethwe uhlobo entsha kwaye ngohlobo iimveliso zobisi inegwele ezifana ayran, cottage itshizi, katyk, shubat, amaKhaledi kunye nabanye. Kwakhona, ukuba yenziwe ibe itshizi kunye namasi. Zonke ezi mveliso luphawulwa ngeempawu aphezulu elapha.

kule ndawo

Buffalo ezifuyelwa kumazwe amaninzi. izilwanyana ezinjalo amelana okuphakamileyo kwimozulu eshushu. ubisi wabo incasa emnandi nevumba. Kuyinto obukhulu kakhulu kwaye iqulethe ezininzi izimbiwa, iiproteins kunye namanqatha.

Loo imveliso kuyaphela entsha. Kwakhona lenziwe ibhotolo kunye netshizi.

imbongolo

Ngokweempawu yaso emzimbeni imichiza Ukwakhiwa ubisi kufutshane kakhulu imazi yehashe. Ukubunjwa le mveliso iquka immunoglobulins ezininzi. Kungenxa yoko le nto isetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantwana, kuquka kubelekwa.

Ukusuka ubisi idonki badla ukwenza imazi yehashe.

deer

Le nomnikelo kukho ukungqinelana noko elingqingqwa, esifana cream. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko liyangxengwa ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise.

imifuno

Kujongwa juice unikwa umthi galaktodendron yetropiki. Abantu bathi isityalo ekuthiwa inkomo okanye ubisi. juice yayo eninzi kunene ngathi imveliso yezilwanyana, hayi kuphela imbonakalo kodwa incasa kunye neepropati zesondlo.

iimveliso zobisi

ubisi lwenkomo (GOST), kunye nebhokhwe, imazi yehashe, nakwiinkamela, njalo njalo zinokusetyenziswa kuphela ngendlela eziqinileyo, kodwa ngokohlobo iimveliso zobisi. Abo zixhaphakileyo zezi zilandelayo:

• Cream.

Le nxalenye namanqatha ubisi lukhutshwe ngokwahlukana. It has a mafutha elikhulu, wokushuma- ixabiso eliphezulu yesondlo.

Cream adle pasteurization. Kuliwa phantsi lobushushu eliphezulu. Oku kunika incasa eyodwa incasa, kwakunye isiqinisekiso ntumbuluko ukusuka ezahlukeneyo iintsholongwane.

cream ngobushushu uba umbala cream, ngolangazelelo kane egudileyo.

• ubisi eyakhiwe.

Ngoko ke ukuba ubisi zagcinwa elide, nto eyakhiwe. Kuxhomekeka ekuvelisweni ukutya okunjalo enkonkxiweyo zahlulwe zibe eyomileyo kwaye eqinileyo.

Iimveliso Dry zifunyenwe ngokususa amanzi ubisi. Ngenxa kulo unyango, zigcinwe ixesha elide.

Ubisi, ubisi yinto enye neswekile okanye ngaphandle, eyenziwe yonke entsha okanye isiselo skim. Amanzi ngumphunga kulo, uze emva koko ephilisa okanye inzalo nje.

Inkqubo basic ekulungisweni ukutya okunkonkxiweyo na pasteurization isiseko, ie ubisi. Emva koko, iyithumele izixhobo ezincamathelayo apho amaqondo obushushu kugcinwa izidanga hayi ngaphezulu kwe-55-57. Okulandelayo ubisi yinto enye leyo lupholile kwaye agalelwa kwiibhanki.

Ngokusebenzisa imveliso loo iswekile a has a isiqulatho caloric eliphezulu ngokunjalo incasa elungileyo.

• ubisi Dry lonke.

imveliso Loo yayifunyenwe komiswa ubisi kwiindawo lonke. Kusenokufuneka ukuba incasa wobulali kunye cream ukukhanya wayelukhuni umbala. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kule umgubo isenokuba amasuntswana elinyukayo.

Ukongeza, ukuthengiswa inokufumaneka skimmed ubisi. Yenziwe isiselo skim.

• Cream powder.

I-powder yenziwa cream kwiindawo yi omiswe zabo. Bona zahlanganiswa kwisingxobo esitywiniweyo okanye layo lingatywinwanga.

• Ibhotolo.

Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa ngokulula imveliso ukutya. Iqulathe onke amacandelo ezisisiseko ubisi. ioli ithe ayaba nasongo emva kwexesha elithile. Yenziwe cream ngokuwabetha ukuba ahlale. Le amanqatha bagqitywe, yaye kanye oko, kwaye esetyenziswa ekuphekeni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Ibhotolo kunokuba anetyuwa kunye ezingenatyuwa. Iqulethe 25% ukufuma 71% okanye% inqatha 72,5 ne-1.5% ngetyuwa. Le mveliso iphawulwa ezinomthamo eliphezulu iityuwa izimbiwa, iqela vitamin PP, B na C.

• Ice cream.

Ezo cream dessert emnandi okumnandi okanye olulungiswe ubisi ngobushushu ngokuxuba kunye ekwenzeni, iswekile, kunye nezongezelelo flavoring. Zonke izithako tyaba ngononophelo kwaye kwakhuthazwa.

• izinto Secondary ekrwada.

iimveliso ezinjalo zifunyenwe ngexesha ukuveliswa njengamasi umlomo wabo, ukusela iimveliso ubisi, itshizi kunye curd. Ezi ziquka buttermilk, yintloya kunye nobisi skim.

indawo yokubeka

Ngokubanzi, ubisi zisenokugcinwa kubushushu degrees 2-5 malunga 2-3 iintsuku. Xa processing mboni, eli thuba ukuze kwandiswe izihlandlo eziliqela. Ukuba ubisi zipakishwe ezingxoweni ezizodwa okanye ibhotile, umhla wokuphelelwa idla ukuya iinyanga eziliqela. Nangona kunjalo, iinzuzo imveliso enjalo imibuzo.

Ukuze kakhulu Ukwandisa lokugcinwa kwezinto othululwayo phantsi ingqalelo, oko kanzulu neswekile okanye nezomileyo.

Kutheni basele amasi?

ubisi Yingozi kukuba xa ukusetyenziswa elide umntu uqalisa ndiba buthathaka kakhulu. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali, abalandeli le mveliso ngokukhawuleza namafutha kwaye ibalekisa wokwaluphala.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa iimveliso ezifana kunokubangela kwamathambo, aleji, ukungacoleki kokutya, flatulence, kunye ukuvaleka kwemithambo. Yiloo nto zokudla abaninzi Siyaleza singasondeli ubisi otya ngayo, ibhotolo kunye cream. Njengoko kuba iyogurt ephantsi-amafutha kunye netshizi, bekwazi ukuthenga, kodwa kuphela ambalwa.

ukusetyenziswa imveliso kunye nexabiso layo

Yimalini ubisi? ixabiso layo ixhomekeka kuhlobo kunye nendlela processing. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iindleko welitha enye ethululwayo yahluka ngaphakathi 30-65 engange.

Ngomhla eziluncedo ubisi kudala uphikise. Ezinye iingcali bathi lo yimveliso yingozi. Noko ke, uninzi lwazo linoluvo lokuba le ethululwayo kuluncedo kakhulu bunjani cholesterol ukutya. Kwakhona lineziphumo luncedo kwinkqubo yokwetyisa.

Imiphumo emihle imveliso kwi umzimba womntu ngenxa umxholo isixa esikhulu samanzi, kwakunye ubukho methionine, nto leyo ebandakanyekileyo ukuyilwa mpilo.

Kufuneka kwakhona uqaphele ukuba ngethuba lokwenza uphando izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba ubisi isilwanyana linceda ukuvuselela nezintso. Ngaphezu koko, iimveliso zobisi yindlela ezifanele normalizing izilwanyana emathunjini. ukutya kwabo rhoqo kuthintela ukubola kwaye ibuyisela inkqubo yokwetyisa.

Ngokutsho iingcali, ukusetyenziswa ubisi ekondlweni inceda ukukhusela umzimba. Oku kunciphisa uvakalelo weseli insulin hormone. Ukongezelela, abantu yonke imihla kudla ibhotolo, ubisi, itshizi kunye iyogurt, kukho cholesterol ngaphantsi kakhulu phezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi.

Ubisi ukudla lunciphisa ubungozi ukutyeba ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokumelana insulin syndrome, nto leyo ngokufuthi bawaphikise uphuhliso seswekile kunye nesifo sentliziyo.

Ngokutsho kweminye izazinzulu, potassium, calcium nezinki equlethwe iimveliso zobisi kukuninzi, ukunciphisa ingozi lwegazi. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa kule isiselo nga ukuphelisa uphuhliso isifo sentliziyo, isifo seswekile kunye icala.