Strawberry "ezamahala": ukutyala nokukhula

Itheknoloji yamanje ayizange ifakwe kwaye igadile. Kule nqaku, siza kukuzisa kwiindlela ezithembisayo zokukhula nokugcina izithombo ze-strawberries "mahhala". Ngayo yonke imigaqo yokutyala nokunyamekela isityalo, unokuqokelela amajikijolo amnandi kunye nantleke kuwo wonke unyaka.

Kuthetha ukuthini i-strawberries "inkululeko"?

I-teknoloji ye-Frigo iguqulelwe ngokuthi "kubanda". Kwaqulunqwa iingcali zeDatshi zokubhakabhaka ezikhulayo ngonyaka. Ngokukhawuleza le ndlela yathandwa kwihlabathi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba "inkululeko" ayikho uhlobo lwe-strawberry, kodwa uhlobo lwezityalo ezivuna ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Ngamanye amazwi, i-strawberries "inkululeko" ingaba yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Ingundoqo yeteknoloji kukuba iimeko zokufakelwa zenziwa ukuba ziphumle izithombo. Le nqubo iyakhangalisa kuba ivumela ukuvuna izityalo ezininzi ezingasetyenziselwa nayiphi na ixesha.

Ukukhula nokuvuna izithombo

Ukufumana izithombo, kwiindawo zokuhlala okanye kwiibhedi ezivulekileyo, iintlobo zezihlahla ze-uterine zihlonywe kwi-sandy loam kunye nomhlaba onesihlabathi. Iipotuncles ezifomayo kuzo zisuswe ukwenzela ukuba isityalo sichaze yonke imikhosi yokudala inzala. Ngethuba lokukhula kwezityalo, iintlobo ezincinane zondliwa ngokunyanisekileyo. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba izityalo zefroberries zingene kwisigaba sokuphumla, kucutshungulwa.

Ukulungelelwa kweziseko kuvame ukukhangela kwi-rhizome - iba ngumbala obomvu kunye namacebiso okukhanya. Esinye isalathisi se "hibernation" asemagqabini - ayaba mnyama aze athole i-hue brownish. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kwenzeka ngoNovemba, xa ubushushu bubekwe kwi-0 ukuya kwi -3 ° C. Ngaphambili, isityalo akufanele siphazamiseke, kuba kulo mzekelo izinto zokulima ziya kufa ngexesha lokugcina.

Isityalo esincinciweyo esidluliselweyo sidluliselwa kwigumbi elipholileyo apho kugcinwa khona ukushisa ukusuka kwi +8 ukuya ku-12 ° C. Iingcambu ziyagubha kakuhle kwiindawo ezisemhlabeni (abayikuhlamba!) Ukuzinqumla kuyacatshulwa. Emva koko ususe onke amaqabunga amakhulu, ushiye kuphela amaqabunga amancinci kwinqanaba lokukhula.

Ukuze ugweme ukubonakala kokubola, izityalo ezilungiselelwe "i-free" i-strawberry ziphathwa ngefungicides - ezi ziVincite Forte, Fundazol, Hom, i-Topaz. Emva koko, zihlanjululwe ngokobukhulu beentamo zentamo, kwaye ngokwemiqathango yamabakala, kwaye zibophelelwe kwiimfumba ezininzi, ngokuqhelekileyo iziqwenga ezingama-50-100.

Izityalo zigcinwe njani?

Iimpahla ezinjalo zilungiselelwe zifakwa kwiiplastiki ezincinci. Ukugcinwa kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa iibhokisi, ngokuzibandakanya kwangaphambili ukusuka ngaphakathi kunye nefilimu. Ubuninzi bayo buyi-0.5 mm. Ukuziqhelanisa kubonisa, izityalo ze-strawberries "ezikhululekile" ziyafa xa zigcinwe kwifilimu ekhudlwana ngaphezu kwe-10 mm. Kwibhokisi nganye, ukusuka kwi-350 kuya ku-700 iifomthi zibekiwe-inani lixhomekeke kubukhulu bayo.

I-strawberry evunyiweyo "inkululeko" igcinwa kumagumbi okubanda okhethekileyo, apho ubushushu bugcinwa khona ukusuka kwi-0 kuya ku--2 ° C ngekhefu. Ukongeza, ikamelo kufuneka libe nomswakama ophezulu kakhulu - 90%. Ngaphezu koko, iisenjini zifakwe kulo lonke umgama wekhamera. Utshintsho oluncinane lwale parameters lubangela ukufa kwezityalo. Umzekelo, ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphakama ukuya kwi-0.5 ° C, i-strawberry iya kuvusa, kwaye -3 ° C - izityalo ziya kufakelwa. Strawberry "ezamahala" kule miqathango igcinwa kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwiinyanga ezilishumi.

Kungekudala, kukho iziganeko ezirekhodiweyo zokuphila kwezityalo iminyaka emithathu. Iingcali ziqaphele ukuba ngokugcina ixesha elide lokugcina izithombo kwifriji, isivuno sabo sancitshiswa. Ingakumbi ixhala ngeentlobo ezinkulu.

Ukwahlula

Isivuno sama-strawberries "sikhululekile", ngokwemiqathango yokutyala, kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumgangatho wezityalo. Emazweni aseYurophu, imimiselo eqinile iye yaphuhliswa elawula ukudibanisa kwetlasi yesityalo ngokuhambelana nobubanzi beentamo zesityalo.

Iklasi A

Kwizimbewu ezinjalo, ububanzi bentamo buphuma kwi-12 ukuya kwi-15 mm. Bafumana enye okanye ezimbini, i-buds generative. I-strawberry enjalo "ekhululekile" ivela kwi-fruiting kunyaka wokutshala. Ama-berries angama-20 akhiwa kwihlathi ngalinye.

Iklasi A +

Intamo yomsi ukususela kwi-15 ukuya kwi-18 mm, sele sele ivele ihluma. Ngonyaka wokutshala i-peduncles ezintathu zenziwa, apho zivuthiwe zifike kuma-berries amane. Nangona inyaniso yokuba iintlobo zama-strawberries "zikhululekile" kweli klasi zibiza kakhulu, zifuna kakhulu imimandla emikhulu, kuba ivumela ukuqokelela iitoni ezilishumi kwihektare.

KwiBakala WB

Eli klasi liquka izithombo eziluncedo ezivelisa isivuno. Ubungakanani bentamo buvela kwi-22 mm okanye ngaphezulu. Kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane izithombo ezinjalo kuphela ngokukhula iziseko kwiibhedi, apho umsebenzi owenziweyo we-agrotechnical uyenziwe. Ngonyaka wokutyala isityalo senza i-peduncles ezintlanu. Isivuno siqinisekisiwe ukusuka kuma-450 gram nangaphezulu. Ukusuka nganye kwihektare ukususa ukuya kuma-tani angama-20 amajikijolo.

Izityalo zeTray Tray

Iintlobo zawo zilawulwa ngumthwalo wokunyuka kwiimeko zokutyala kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo kunye nokuthotyelwa kweemfuno zobuchwepheshe; Impembelelo enamandla kakhulu, isitokisi esibalulekileyo sezinto, ukuxhathisa amaqondo okushisa aphezulu kwimizuzu yokutshala; Isivuno esiphezulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi iklasi yinto "ye-free" i-strawberries, ixabisa kakhulu imbewu yamasiko kuzo zonke iiparitha eziphambili - ubungakanani beqabunga kunye namajikijolo, ubukhulu behlathi, inani leentsundu zokuvelisa. Indlela "yamahhala", njengomthetho, isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweentlobo ezinokuthenjelwa kunye eziphakamileyo kakhulu-uSonata, i-Alba, i-Clery, i-Elsanta, i-Honeoye.

Ukulungiselela izityalo zokutshala

Ehlabathini evulekile, le sitrobheli ityalwe ngoMeyi-Juni. Kwi-greenhouse - unyaka wonke. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa amajikijri ayengaphazamiseki, kufuneka yenziwe ngeentsuku ezingamashumi amahlanu ukuya kwishumi mathandathu. I-Strawberry "ekhululekile" iya kudayiswa kwifom yefriji, ngoko ke ngaphambi kokutyala kufuneka 'ivuse.'

Ekuqaleni, izityalo kufuneka zingenakunyuswa kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-24 kwiingxowa ezivaliweyo, ngelixa iqondo lokushisa akufanele libe libukhali kakhulu ukuze kubangele ukutshitshiswa kwamathambo kwizinto zokulima. Ukukhawulezisa i-defrost, vula isitsha sokupakisha kwaye uthele ihlumela ngamanzi afudumeleyo. Izihlahla ezinqatshelweyo zisuswa kwipakethe kwaye zifaka iingcambu zabo emanzini abandayo kwiiyure ezintathu. Oku kuya kunceda ukuzalisa umswakama olahlekileyo ngexesha lokugcina. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukongeza ukukhula kweengcambu ezikhuthazayo kumanzi - "Geterauxin", "iZircon", "Kornevin".

Zama ukungavumeli isisombululo sifike kumaqabunga, njengoko oku kungakhokelela ekuphuhliseni okucothayo kwinqanaba elingaphantsi komhlaba.

Ukukhetha indawo yokuhlala

Ukutshala i-strawberries "inkululeko" yenziwe kwanexesha, ihlambulule kumhlanjeni, indawo ekhuliswe kakuhle. Iinqonga zidala ukuphakama kwama-centimitha angama-20. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba abahamba phambili bezona zinto ziphazamisekile: umzekelo, izityalo ze-autumn zesardard, izityalo zokudlwengula, ukudlwengulwa, ezilandelwa ngumthwalo wobuninzi entwasahlobo. Kuya kuba ngumququzeleli womhlaba omhle.

Unokuzisa umquba ukusuka ekwindla. Loo mqathango usebenza ngokukodwa kwihlabathi elincinci. Ngaphambi kokutyala, umanyolo wesityuwa kufuneka usetyenziswe. Abagadi bezilwanyana bakholelwa ukuba isicelo esilungele kakhulu "se-Azofoska". Iigranules akudingeki ukuba zifakwe ngokujulile emhlabathini: isichumisi siphule kakuhle kwaye imvula (okanye ukunkcenkceshela) iyangena kalula kumhlaba. Ingasetyenziselwa zombini kwimigca yokucoca, kwaye ingaphezulu - ukusuka kwi-800 g ukuya kwi-1.5 kg. Umyinge uxhomekeke kumhlaba, ngoko ke, ingaba isichumisi esiluhlaza okanye izinto eziphathekayo zazisetyenziswa ngaphambili.

Imiqathango yokutyala

Ingcaciso encinane malunga nexesha lokutshala, kuba le ngxaki inomdla kubalimi abaninzi. Siye satshilo ukuba amajikijolo avela kwiirberries ezinjalo anokufunyanwa ngonyaka, okanye ngexesha elifanelekileyo kuwe. Kule nto, kuyimfuneko kuphela ukubala inani leentsuku ngaphambi kokuvuthwa okupheleleyo.

Ukuba uthe utyala izityalo phakathi noMeyi, emva kweentsuku ezingamashumi amathathu ukuza kweentyantyambo kuza, emva kwenyanga, i-fruiting iza kuza. Ukulibalela iiveki ezimbini, ukuhamba ngeveki kunciphisa ixesha lokulima. Nangona kunjalo, kungcono ukuba ungagxininisi ngokukhenketha: imozulu ngelo xesha ayishushu kakhulu, evumela ukuba izityalo zihlale zingcono. Ukukhawuleza ngokutshala kakubi kuthintela izityalo zeklasi A +. Ngenxa yokuba le mbewu inamandla kakhulu, kungcono ukuyihlwaya ngexesha elidlulileyo.

Ixesha elide kakhulu lokugcina izityalo ze-class A, ezingatyaliswa ngaphandle kwengozi kuze kube phakathi koJuni. Ukufika kumaxesha asemva kubangelwa ukuphola okubukhali kwezivuno, intsikelelo ewela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti-ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Ngelo xesha, ubusuku buba buthobile, obangela ukuhla kwezinga leebhanki: ukunambitheka kwabo kuhlahloka ngenxa yokubuthelela kwe-ushukela obuthathaka, baba yincinci, i-softer kwaye umngcipheko wokubola uya kuba ngaphezulu.

Ukutyala "mahhala" (izithombo) zezityalo zefroberries emhlabeni

Umgaqo obalulekileyo: awukwazi ukushiya iingcambu zeembewu ezivulekileyo ngaphezu kwemizuzu elishumi elinesihlanu. Emva kokungca, ukutshala kwee-strawberries "zamahhala" kwindawo elungiselelwe ngokukhawuleza kwenzeka. Ukutshala izityalo kumhlaba ulungiselelwe ekwindla. Kwaye ehlotyeni umhlaba ubumbwe inyanga ngaphambi kokutyala, ukwenzela ukuba ulungelelaniswe ngokufanelekileyo. Unokwenza umgca womibini okanye ityipu okanye imibhede. Umgama phakathi kwehlathi kufuneka ube ngu-30 cm.

Ukutyala kuqhutyelwa kwindawo esemanzi. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa iingcambu zee-seedlings ukuya kwisentimitha ezilishumi. Kuye kwaphuhliswa isixhobo esikhethekileyo esenza ukuba kufike umhlaba. Ubude bayo buyi-20 cm, kwaye ekugqibeleni kukho inotshi yokulungiselela izihlahla kunye nokwandisa isityalo.

Imiba imele ikwazi ukusabalalisa, awukwazi ukuyifaka ingxowa. Kwiimingxuma ezengaphambili, zinciphisa ingcambu yezityalo, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba akukho zixhobo. Umhlaba ugxininiswe ngokukhawuleza waza wancinwa ngokukhawuleza ukuqinisekisa ukuba unxibelelwano olufanelekileyo ne-rhizome.

Iintlobo ze-strawberry "zikhululekile" azikho amaqabunga, ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-rosette ingaphezu komhlaba, kwaye intamo ingcungcutheke ngomhlaba. Ukungabikho kwemfuneko yale mithetho kunokukhokelela ekufeni kwesityalo.

Iingenelelo kunye nokungalunganga kwendlela

I-Strawberry "ekhululekile" ineenzuzo ezininzi ezingenakuphika, kodwa nazo zinokungaphumeleli. Izinzuzo ezicacileyo zolu hlobo luquka:

• Ukulima okuqhubekayo kwamajikijolo kunyaka;
• Ukulungelelaniswa kwezinto zokulima;
• Umgangatho ophezulu wokusinda;
• Umveliso ophezulu.

Ukukhula i-strawberries "inkululeko" inokungalungi okulandelayo:

• Intengo ephakamileyo (ukusuka kwi-ruble eziyi-15 kwisiqwenga);
• Izixhobo ezincinci zokugcina izithombo;
• Ubunzima bokukhula kwiindawo ezikumantla.

Uphononongo

Namhlanje, i-strawberries "ezamahala" ayiqhelekanga phakathi kwabalimi. Impendulo evela kubanini bezakhiwo ezincinci ibonisa ukuba ukuthengiswa kwempahla ye-seedlings kubandakanya ukupakishwa kwezilwanyana ezimbini, kunye nokuthengiswa kweentengiso kuyinkathazo ukuthenga ezo zityalo.

Izityalo ezinjalo zilungele iifama, ezinezixhobo ezifunekayo zefriji kunye nezendawo zokugcina izityalo, kunye nomhlaba ovulekile uvumela ukuba ukhule "ukhululekile".

Masibhale iziphumo

Lungiselela izithombo usebenzisa i-Frigo technology itinzima kakhulu - ifumana unyango olukhethekileyo kwaye igcinwa phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Oku kwandisa kakhulu iindleko zembewu. Nangona kunjalo, abalimi abaninzi kunye nabalimi banokukhetha le strawberry, kuba kukuvumela ukuba ukwandise isivuno, kwaye kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo zingakhula kulo nyaka.