Steel 20: GOST, iimpawu, iimpawu kunye nezicelo

intsimbi Pure lubonakala ngokuba uluhlu eliqingqiweyo kwiipropati njengoko metal umzali hayi umdla kakhulu. Kodwa isekelwe aluminium kunethuba elikhulu, kuyimfuneko kuphela ukumisela ubume iikhemikhali kunye nokwenza unyango oluchanekileyo ubushushu.

Eyona yodidi kakhulu eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza

Zonke steel ngokusekelwe nentsimbi intsimbi kunye intsimbi , kwaye kukho yokuhlela ezininzi. Kokuba lukhutshwe ezahlukeneyo iparameters: ekwakhiweni imichiza, injongo, umxholo ngezinto eziyingozi, amandla kunye ubulukhuni, ukuthamba, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ulwakhiwo - aba yeyona ixhaphakileyo iyasetyenziswa. Abanye babo babe neempawu jikelele kwaye interchangeable.

zokwakha 20 libhekisela iklasi medium-carbon iye isakhiwo ferrite-ngeperlite. .. umgangatho Steel, oko kukuthi, kukho umxholo kuyehla lweziqalelo eziyingozi, isalfure phosphorus. Miqobo weldability. I lusebenze Ukudityaniswa amandla kunye ductility kwenza kube enemisebenzi eziphathekayo ekuveliseni tubular liqengqiwe, izahlulo phantsi elandelayo thermomechanical kunye thermochemical processing (cementation izinc nesingxobo kunye chromium nesingxobo).

Abangamashumi ukusebenzisa kwayo

Steel 20, ogama iimpawu nga zinokohluka ngaphakathi imida ngokubanzi esebenzisa, unyango thermomechanical chemical-thermal iyafuneka kakhulu kwimveliso kumbhobho ukuvelisa iindawo kunye kwindawo eqinileyo kunye ophakathi ethambileyo. Le ingaba emigodini, sprockets, ukutshintshwa, iibholiti, neefolokhwe nendwe, unyanzeliso sheets ngenxa ukutshayela (agciniweyo), neenkozo zepistasi, iibholiti ngokuba zizincamathisele non-ezibalulekileyo. pipe bakhiwe ukusuka kwibanga sentsimbi isetyenziselwa ukudluliselwa igesi, umphunga, ulwelo bako, inikezelwa phantsi koxinzelelo. Oku imibhobho superheater, imibhobho, boilers ophezulu ingcinezelo kunye nabaqokeleli.

Ngokutsha processing thermochemical

Uhlobo olufanayo uyakwazi ukutshintsha iimpawu zabo unyango bubushushu. Steel grade 20 liye iipropati zeplastiki elungileyo, ngoko amanqaku ilungiswe ngoko ngeendlela ezininzi: eyahlulayo, ehlelayo abandayo okanye ashushu okanye umzobo. Emva kokufumana items ukulahlwa kwabo chemical-thermal unyango enokusetyenziswa. Injongo yale nkqubo - ukuba ufumane nzima banxibe umaleko ayikho efanele umhlwa, iplastiki kunye ophakathi ethambileyo.

Kule nxalenye Kwakugqitywa ibekwa kwindawo efanelekileyo (obkladyvaetsya into carbon eyomileyo ibekwa kwindawo sukube okanye engamanzi medium), yaye emva koko zigcinwe ngokwexesha kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya malunga 1.5 neentsuku kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu. Machining iinkcukacha kule ngongoma kufuneka zigqityiwe, kuba emva kokuba unyango thermochemical imveliso sele iza kuba nesakhiwo lokugqibela. Isiqalelo zingawunyakamisanga umaleko eliphezulu imveliso (0.3 ukuya 3.0 mm), ngokulandelelana, ngokuphucula isakhiwo sayo kunye neempawu.

Kuxhomekeka arhente unyango abaqeshwe kuthiwa: cyanidation (zinc-wazaleka), carburization (carbon), chrome (Konqueror). Carbon unika amandla, zinc - nokumelana, chromium, ukongeza zonke ezidwelisiweyo, ukwenza phezu esipilini.

uhlengahlengiso machining

Ngokungafaniyo indlela lwangaphambili processing oluqhutywa kuphela belenza ukuqaqadeka umaleko phezulu ngentsimbi kunye bhetyebhetye engaphakathi, processing thermomechanical - yenye yeendlela ukulungisa. steel 20 Kusenokwenzeka ukuba gqitha njengenkqubo eshushu okanye ebandayo. Kukho eziluncedo nezingeloncedo xa ifomu nganye. Kodwa asetyenziswa ngokwesiseko iipropati kakhulu ezinqwenelekayo.

deformation Hot lisetyenziswa amanqaku ukuba Ebubanzini bodonga mkhulu kuno-5 mm. Ekubeni isikali oxide ibunjiwe decarburization microlayer (isakhiwo kwalo) xa but is eshushu, ngoko isicelo kule hlobo r amalungu ezingcakacileyo-enqatyisiweyo akunakwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, iye inzuzo enkulu phezu deformation ebandayo.

yokusebenza Cold lisetyenziswa namalungu ukuba ubukhulu ngaphantsi kwe-5 mm. Kuba umzobo abandayo ezifanelekileyo iindidi "ethambileyo" ngentsimbi. Ngexesha metal kaloliwe ivavanywa deformation olubonakalayo okanye uhlobo lukhuni. Oku kukhokelela ekwandeni ngamandla alo kunye nobukho ntshikilelo enkulu kubume. metal olunjalo ngenxa kweendonga zayo ezingcakacileyo ayikwazi kufudunyezwe (kuchitha iiholide, t. E. Buyisela isakhiwo esifanayo). Kuyinto ekuthanda kumonakalo ifuthe kunye nezinye imithwalo ezinamandla. Kwesakhiwo umbhobho steel (intsimbi 20) iindlela ezahlukeneyo wokwenziwa kunye neempawu wafumana yobugcisa echaphazela isicelo. Baye eyabo likarhulumente imveliso yohlobo ngalunye nelembande, imithetho, izixhobo.

Ingqele liqengqiwe komphetho ithumbu Direct

Inkqubo imveliso iqala ulungiselelo zephetshana ngentsimbi. Ukuze wenze oku, iimakhishithi intsimbi, banqunyulwe zibe ngezithandelo kunye welding, ndawonye elilodwa elide. tape YOBOMI ayeguqa rolls, apho kuthatha uhlobo umbhobho. Inyathelo elilandelayo - ukuwelda. Kuba naluphi na ulwakhiwo na obhekiswe. Ukoyisa bobubi apho kuvela xa ukuwelda (oxides inkangeleko carbon nokudinwa) akunakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo, kodwa esebenzisa ubuchule, ibe lincitshiswe. To connect ngentsimbi 20, usebenzisa arc zombane ukuwelda igesi olukhuselayo egalelwe (argon) okanye induction welding (high-amaza kwemisinga). Pipe ipasisa uhlolo olusisinyanzelo omhlophe weld, uze emva koko isikwe kwimimandla ubude ezifunwayo ize igcinwe.

ngemibhobho Ingqele-watyeda ingenamthungo siba

Amalungiselelo baqala ngenxa yokuba kuveliswe le hlobo ityhubhu ephinda inkqubo ekwanjengaleyo ilandelwa xa ngemibhobho kunye nembono ngqo omhlophe. Kwakhona ncam: iintsimbi, ukuhlolwa kunye nokuthenwa. Eyahluke angle yokusonga ibhanti kuphela, nto leyo Uvingca umbhobho nokuhlangana elandelayo ecaleni curve zikhula. ngenxa iimpawu zayo zoyilo Ngu le ndlela yeyona eside kakhulu. Yaye ukumelana imithwalo phezulu kwi ikhefu ngaphezu kwezi mveliso kunye suture ngqo.

imibhobho nokujika

imibhobho nokujika ingakumbi eziluqilima, kufuneka eziluncedo ezininzi: abangenawo welding (ubuthathaka) kulwakhiwo ngentsimbi alinayo nayiphi ombane, ityhubhu ubukhulu alikho ngaphantsi kwe-5 mm. imveliso yawo - ngakumbi inzima, yaye ngoko ke imali eninzi. Steel 20 ukhetheke ukuba kwimibhobho nga kuveliswa ngeendlela ezimbini - kumzobo ukubanda nobushushu.

Hot wasusa nokujika

Emva ukufudumeza ngaphezu 1100 ° C preform athungelwe sleeve kwaye ichaza i ubudeki engaphakathi. Njengoko siqhubeka ukuzoba ityhubhu ufumana ubukhulu igqitywe phambili lwangaphakathi, ubukhulu lwangaphandle kunye nodonga ubukhulu. Ngethuba yonke inkqubo iqondo lobushushu imveliso liqengqiwe ihlala phezulu. Yaba kuphela emva kokuba ulwamkelo lokugqibela lokuphela konyaka ngokohlobo ithumbu buyehla. Ngethuba ixesha elide okupholisa kwenzeka ikhefu ususa bonke imiphumo elibi qikeka, ukwanda amandla kunye ubu. Xa Ukupholisa ngokupheleleyo steel 20 izuza iimpawu oko ekuqaleni. Le nkqubo ibandakanya kuphela nokuveliswa kwemibhobho ngeendonga hayi ngaphantsi kwe-5 mm nezinyuko ubuninzi kunokuba ukuya ku-75 mm.

nokujika abandayo zithathelwe

Ngokungafaniyo indlela lwangaphambili, le ubushushu elifana neli ezincinane encinane. I preform kukuthi eshushu, kodwa emva kokuqala ebalekayo emkhonweni lobushushu Asiyo igcinwe kwaye preform ibhalwa esibandayo likarhulumente. Le ndlela yohlukile ashushu-ezityikitywe ukwenzela ukuba sinako ukuvelisa imibhobho ezomeleleyo ngeendonga ezingcakacileyo, kanti indlela eshushu-waqengqela inika udonga obukhulu kuphela. Ezi ndlela zimbini zifana ncam isakhiwo wokugqibela, ekubeni emva kokuba umbhobho abandayo ceca phantsi ukuzinza apho isakhiwo engagqibekanga wambuyisela, uhambe ombane.

Lo asinguye uluhlu lonke iimveliso, ezo zisekelwe ubuxoki Steel 20 GOST 1050-74. neemfuno zabemi Kuyanda, kukho iingcamango ezintsha kunye nemveliso. Kodwa lo brand utshintsha kuphela ifomu kunye nenjongo, ukubekela ilungelo lokuba khona.