Silicic acid kunye nesicelo yayo

Silicic acid kuthiwa yikhompawundi of lesilicon oxide kunye namanzi. Apho umlinganiselo yeencindi kunokuba kakhulu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, jikelele nokubunjwa kwayo angamelwa ifomula. Kulo mzekelo silicic acid kunye ubukho izixa ezahlukeneyo lesilicon oxide kunye namanzi, oko kukuthi, kunye neenqobo ezahlukeneyo parameters n kunye m, ngokulula ukusuka kwimo enye ukuya kwenye. Ngenxa yoko, n kunye m kulo mzekelo nga kuthathwa nesebenzayo.

Ngethiyori, silicic acid kunokuqulunqwa ngokuhlanganisa a silicate ye-metal kwealkali (umz sodium) kunye asidi 'esomeleleyo "(umz, zehydrochloric acid). Ngale ndlela, kule imeko free sele lineminyaka (zilungiselelwe), ezinye zezi asidi: metasilicic, orthosilicic kunye nabanye. Ngokomzekelo, sidla imichiza oluvelisa metasilicic acid:

+ 2HCl = + 2NaCl

Noko ke, ukuze ufumane silicic acid olusulungekileyo phantse akunakwenzeka. Xa izisombululo zolwelo (kwaye ukuba zifunyenwe supersaturated) silicic acid kwinkqubo polymerization liyayeka isiseko ukubunjwa kwezisombululo colloidal ngesithuba kunokuba elifutshane yobukho. Ngakumbi ezi izisombululo enye yejeli ezenziwa coagulation. Lilele ukusetyenziswa silicic acid, ekubeni likhanyelwe gel ukunika ebizwa ngokuba dust, esetyenziswa njenge desiccant kunye izifunxi. Ukongezelela, ngokusebenzisa ekwenzeni ezikhethekileyo, olulungiswe izisombululo colloidal colloids zizinze (okanye sols) elisebenzayo ukufumana isicelo kwimveliso.

Silicic acid ayiqondakali enyibilikayo, thermally ezingazinzanga kalujaca. Xa eshushu, i yokubola acid silicic leyo kubonakaliswa basabela khemikhali zilandelayo:

=

Kananjalo acid buthathaka amalahle efanayo. ngenxa yale acid silicic kwi izisombululo zolwelo Ngu asuswa asidi evela iityuwa zalo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, oko kubonwa indlela:

= +

iityuwa acid Silicic kuthiwa silicates. Zinelungelo zisasazwe ngokubanzi endalweni. Ngokomzekelo, xa kuqweqwe lomhlaba ibandakanya silicas kunye silicates. Ezi ziquka feldspar, clays ezahlukeneyo, mica, talc, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Silicates ziqukiwe kuhlanganiselo zeengxondorha - lenyengane, abangelwe, kunye nabanye. ziikristale Silicate na ubuncwane ezinjalo ezaziwayo-kakuhle, nto leyo, ngenxa nokunqaba zabo ubuhle kucingwa ezixabisekileyo ezifana iikarbhunkolo, itopazi ne aquamarine.

Uninzi silicates ezingenakunyibilika emanzini. Ezi nketho kuphela silicates sodium kunye potassium. Bangakwazi ingafumaneka ngokuthi alloying kunye hayidroksayidi ahambelanayo okanye carbonate. Umzekelo,

+ + =

izisombululo zolwelo le neetyuwa afunyenwe ngale ndlela zaziwa ngokuba "waterglass". Uyifumane ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi nje Umatshini ekuvelisweni concrete acid-resistant, yaye ukongezelela, ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa yonke ezaziwayo putty nephepha glue. Njengoko nekudodobalisa lidangatye yaye amanzi ukumithisa nabo iimveliso kwakhona ukuqhubekekiswa ezenziwe ngelaphu, iinkuni kunye nephepha.

Silicates, njengenxenye apho kukho aluminiyam, wafumana kwegama aluminosilicate. Ezi ziquka mica kunye feldspar, nangona ubume babo inzima kakhulu ngakumbi. Ngenxa yoko, feldspar, ngaphandle lesilicon oxide ne -aluminiyam oxide ikwaqulathe oxides sodium, potassium, kunye sodium. Xa nokwakhiwa kaMika, ukongeza-aluminiyam kwaye lesilicon, ukuba abe hydrogen, sodium okanye potassium, kodwa kuba, nangona azixhaphakanga, nayo calcium, nemagnesium okanye intsimbi.

Ngokubanzi, ukusetyenziswa silicates kwiimeko ezikhoyo ibanzi kwaye zahlukahlukene. rocks Intaba silicate zisetyenziswa izinto zokwakha. Silicates kusetyenziswa izinto ekrwada lwemveliso isamente, fillers ezahlukeneyo, iiseramikhi, iglasi, njalo njalo. Mica kunye asbestos asetyenziswa ukuvelisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ubushushu thermal kunye zombane.