Sea Azov: Iingxaki kunye namanqaku anika umdla. iingxaki zokusingqongileyo koLwandle Azov kunye nonxweme yayo

KuLwandle Azov kukho izinto ezizodwa kokusingqongileyo. Umntu ngamnye uyakuqonda ukubaluleka kokugcina sicoceke njengomthombo ezibonakalayo kuphela kodwa ubutyebi ngokomoya. Oku kanye-kwisayithi yendalo ophawulekayo adinga ukhuseleko kakhulu.

KuLwandle Azov, iingxaki apho - nesimo eziphilayo ngenxa yemisebenzi yoqoqosho lwamazwe yonxweme, uhamba wayengenamali. Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo iye yehla kakhulu isixa lokusebenza kwimo engqongileyo, oko kukuthi, ngaphandle ubaxo, esicacisa intlekele.

Kumaxesha Soviet urhulumente laphumeza umgaqo-nkqubo ngempumelelo ngokwentelekiso ukhuselo kwehayidrosfere. Kwiminyaka 90 bobabini Russia kunye Ukraine uye iinguqulelo ezinkulu-isikali lwezoqoqosho kunye nelwezopoliko, apho ezithe zashiywa nemiba yokusingqongileyo. Noko ke, oko ukuncipha kunye umthwalo kwi ecosystem ngenxa yokudodobala kwezoqoqosho.

Kwathi kamsinya nje akuba amazwe mmandla wachukumisa ukukhula, nefuthe kwindalo liye landa. Ngo-2008, imveliso woshishino Russia kunye Ukraine udlule kwinqanaba olwalukho USSR. Ngokulinganayo landile ukuba ungene ulwandle nenkunkuma ilindle kunye nezinye izinto.

Yintoni uLwandle Azov

Ibhekisela ecaleni isitya Sea abamnyama abaphuma kumntla-mpuma, ukudibanisa kunye yokugqibela Kerch Strait. Olu lwandle nzulu kakhulu ehlabathini. Ubunzulu-avareji ye-Sea Azov kwiindawo ezininzi "kakhulu" ayidluli 13,5 m kunye ububanzi Strait - 4.2 km. Eziphelweni zalo zifumaneka yesibanzi 45 ° 12'30 "kunye 47 ° 17'30", obunga-33 ° 38 'no-39 ° 18'. Ngokubanzi, kubunzulu avareji koLwandle Azov isusela ukusuka 6.8 ukuya kwi-8 yeemitha. Zalo mbutho ubude 343 km, umgama ubuninzi 231 km ububanzi. Ummandla umphezulu elwandle - 37605 km, kwaye ugu kolulwa phezu 1472 km.

Azovskoe ulwandle, lobushushu apho ubethwa utshintsho ezinkulu ngamaxesha imele umzimba elincinane ngokwentelekiso amanzi. Inkululeko flat kunye kunxweme ephantsi elwandle. I indawo okuyo, Kakade, ebunika iimpawu yayo. Mhlawumbi ayingabo bonke uyazi ukuba kumazwekazi kakhulu ehlabathini - luLwandle of Azov. kwithempritsha yayo ehlotyeni +24 ... +26 ° C. Ebusika, ayaqina phezu yonke okanye inxalenye yayo, entwasahlobo umkhenkce ufudusiwe ngalo, Akuse kuLwandle Black.

Le etyuwa oLwandle Azov liphantsi ngokwaneleyo. Kwi-avareji, sisiphinda kathathu ngaphantsi kwe ubutyuwa eqhelekileyo kwamanzi olwandle. Eli xabiso imalunga 1 PPM ukuya ekudibaneni indawo UDon kwandisa ku 10.5 PPM kufutshane kwisabelo esisezantsi. Xa Kerch Strait etyuwa oLwandle Azov ufikelela ubuninzi - 11.5 PPM.

Yintoni esiyaziyo ngabemi balapho? ulwandle Azov izibonelelo zebhayoloji apho ekuqaleni zinkulu kakhulu, ngoku iintlobo 103 iintlanzi. Kwizidalwa zokubasa ifikelela 200 g ubungakanani square nganye. m.

iingxaki zokusingqongileyo koLwandle Azov

Imiba ephambili kakubi ukwenza zobugcisa eziwa imilambo kwelindle alunyangwanga equlethe inkunkuma. inkokeli ihlabathi langaphambili okuloba, ulwandle elichithwe mzuzu yonke ixabiso layo. Ngoku ke umxholo phenols lidlule MPC 7 amaxesha, thiocyanates - 12.6.

Eyona engundoqo imithombo yongcoliseko elwandle - kumazibuko kunye neenkampani industrial Mariupol. Metallurgical Dibanisa "Azovstal" ngonyaka nekhupha amanzi alo ngaphezulu kwama-800 ezigidi cubic metres amdaka.

Afike ezingaphezu MPC we nitrogen, intsimbi, ubhedu, izinc kunye namafutha iimveliso. Enye umngcolisi ezinkulu - kwizibuko yezorhwebo ye Mariupol. sisityalo unyango angasebenzi ngokupheleleyo - emanzini kwezalathisi zongcoliseko liphezulu kunayo nayiphi na enye.

Yini ukhathazekile kwezenkolo

imiqulu specialist ukukhula care isalfure, apho sithwalisa siyaqhutywa amazibuko Ukraine, kwakunye ukuvuthuluka eyakhelwe isiqingatha senkulungwane eyadlulayo, iinkqubo inani amanzi, ukungabikho kwiilali ezininzi kunye needolophu iinkqubo zonyango kwelindle, kuba oko ngqo emanzini olwandle ufumana amdaka. Ngokutsho manani, umthamo wenkunkuma yonyaka lingatshajiswanga kuLwandle of Azov ukuya kwiimitha billion 5 cubic.

oyile ukungcoliswa kweelwandle ngenxa imisebenzi nokuthumela port uye ezibangele.

ingqalelo kuyo kuLwandle iindawo Azov ngaphaya umda zonke ivele. isiqulatho zinambuzane ifikelela 40 mg / l. Ngenxa yeoli iphalale yi Exchange ioksijini ezilihlazo eziphilayo zasemanzini batyhefwa yi zinambuzane. It is a ukufa mass iintlanzi. zone yokhuseleko Water liquka ubunzima ezingasafunekiyo mveliso kunye zasekhaya.

ukuloba esiyingozi

Ezinye iingxaki zokusingqongileyo kuLwandle Azov anxulunyaniswa nabemi bayo. trawling Ezantsi kudala wavalwa ngokomthetho, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, lisetyenziswa phantse kuyo yonke indawo. Ngenxa iindawo ezantsi-zokuhlala utshabalale yokuhlala intlanzi, saselwandle esineqokobhe zeBRT die-isihluzi - intlanzi ukutya. Le murk ekuphumeni for iikhilomitha eziliqela kunciphisa elubala emanzini.

yinxalenye kuphela ye isitya lokuloba igunya ukusebenza catch isithintelo Seine. Kodwa enyanisweni umthamo nesikhumba sayo. Kwakhona wayedla endaweni iminatha trawls, nto leyo isitokhwe kutshatyalaliswa kuphela intlanzi, kodwa kwakhona indawo zidala yayo nokondla. Ukuzingela ngaphandle kwemvume kwakhokelela ekwehleni ngamaxesha 5 imveliso kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

eminye imizuzu

Yintoni enye ikukhathaza zemvelo? A imibuzo emininzi, yaye uluhlu kubo kude ndidiniwe. Oku ukwakhiwa amadama kwi Don kunye Kuban (imilambo eziphambili loLwandle Azov), ngokuthe ngcembe iba kwiinda omkhulu. Neekhemikhali Ukuxinana umhlaba oyingqongileyo ngenxa ekuqalisweni kwe kwezolimo onkcenkceshelwayo ukusuka lokuhlwayela yerayisi. Kwaba ligazi ukumpompoza kwamalweyile ngendlela zinambuzane.

Ukongeza, ifuthe elibi ingxaki kuLwandle Azov of zokwakha olunzulu nangamaxesha unxweme namagumbi kunye iiholide, oluqhutywa ngaphandle kugcinwe nayiphi na imigangatho yempilo kwezendalo. Oku kuphazanyiswa iilwandle karhulumente yendalo kwaye unciphisa iitalente zabo.

Kananjalo ingxaki enkulu - nokulahla, okt inkunkuma nokuchithwa iinqanawa moya elwandle okanye ukutshatyalaliswa lwabo ... Ngenxa yoko kukho ityhefu imetyhuri olwandle nelothe, ezidla ukuba yande ngomaleko aphezulu.

Azov Sea - Iingxaki Solutions

Indlela kunokwenzeka kuphela ukusombulula iingxaki ezingxamisekileyo zezazinzulu zokusingqongileyo bakholelwa utshintsho engundoqo eziphambili ngenxa mmandla. Kufuneka ube ukunciphisa imveliso kunye inguqu yezokuloba nolonwabo. Izibuko kunye nezithuthi nezakhiwo kufuna ulawulo olungqongqo lwe zibuko kunye nokuthumela, ukuhla yezithuthi iimpahla ezinobungozi kwaye iyingozi, yotshintsho izityalo yokucocwa kwesuweji kunye nokwakhiwa ezintsha.

Ngaba ukunceda ukunciphisa ukuvelisa amanzi, ukwandisa izohlwayo ukukhululwa ngokungagunyaziswanga ekungcoleni.

Kwimimandla yonxweme kufuna uhlaziyo imigaqo kwezolimo, ukungahoywa izityalo bazibonise kunye nokusetyenziswa zinambuzane ezinobungozi kunye nezichumiso, ukuvuselelwa ngokutsha zidala iintlanzi kunye neendlela zazo yokufuduka.

Measures ziyafuneka ukuze qinisa imithetho emalunga nokukhuselwa wonxweme kunye esweni rhoqo imeko eziphilayo yendalo esingqongileyo yonxweme neyolwandle, likhankanya uthintela ukulahlela elwandle kwamanzi amdaka alunyangwanga kunye namanzi nokutsalwa.

Ziziphi namhlanje zininzi iindlela ce?

iindlela Physical nemichiza

ukucoca Mechanical kusetyenziswa xa ufuna ukususa eziqinileyo ezingenakunyibilika. Oku kwenziwa ngepali, ukuhluza, neentlenge kunye nokususwa kwamasuntswana oluludaka kwaye ukujija amandla centrifugal.

iindlela imichiza asetyenziswa ukuphelisa izinto ngamanzi-emanzini. Wezenzi ezisetyenziswe le njongo, ekunciphiseni ubungozi okanye ukunyibilika ezingcolisa. Chemical Iindlela: I igcwala nokunciphisa, neutralization, ukususwa ion yesinyithi.

iindlela Physico-imichiza, iindlela okt. E. Ludityanisiwe kwenza kube lula ukuphelisa ubumdaka ngohlobo emulsions kunye zokumiswa, izinto unyityilikiswa emanzini (zombini organic kunye nezingaphiliyo). Amagama iindlela eziphambili: coagulation, exchange ion, deodorization, adsorption, degassing, ayinto, ultrafiltration, kunye nabanye.

Indlela thermal kusetyenziswa xa ekufuneka asuse amdaka nezinto eziphilayo kunye neetyuwa kwezimbiwa. Oku kwenzeka ngokuthi idibanise amdaka kunye ikheswa nabo elitshisiweyo igcwala kwezinto eziphilayo ngokusebenzisa ehlanganisa ezinoxinzelelo kunye nomlilo neutralization.

iindlela kwemichiza kunye neendlela

iindlela ezifana zikhona zokucoca amanzi avela izinto eziphilayo inxenye nezingaphiliyo kakhulu kulo lichithakale. Le nkqubo yakhelwe phezu isakhono ezinye izityalo kunye ezincinane ukusebenzisa izinto eziyingozi njengokutya.

inkqubo zokuhlanjululwa onjalo izigaba ezibini, bomyinge wamanzi, nto leyo yahluke:

1. Adsorption of ukungcola lichithakale kunye amagciwane entle.

2. Ukutshatyalaliswa izinto eziyingozi intracellularly ngenkqubo imichiza.

Izinto phantse non-oxidizing ezingaphiliyo ukucwangcisa yoxinaniso ubuninzi.

Phi kwaye njani na unyango begazi kwenzeka?

Loo ndlela kunokwenzeka kwiimeko iisoyi kunye zendalo. Le yokugqibela ziquka intsimi lokunkcenkceshela, amachibi zebhayoloji, ukuhluza, njalo-njalo. D.

ifildi zokunkcenkceshela - neqonga okhethekileyo, edibanisa ukulinywa kwezityalo luncedo kunye nonyango amdaka. Ukuba akukho nto lwahluma, intsimi product. iindlela zomhlaba ithandwa kakhulu njengendlela ukunciphisa ukugxininiswa kwimveliso.

amachibi zebhayoloji lincedisane entsonkothileyo kwezibonelelo zonyango. Oku imizimba emanzini, kwaphulwa ngokwamacandelo. Isebenza kuphela ehlotyeni.

Isiphelo - ukuze uphephe i ntlekele eziphilayo, ifuna-nkqubo karhulumente ecacileyo ukukhusela eziphilayo zaselwandle. Ukuba ngaba ukuqala ngoku ukuze ugcine kuLwandle Azov, le ngxaki ukuze isiba mandundu.