Risk factor -? ubungozi enkulu izifo

Risk Factor - kule imeko (zangaphandle okanye zangaphakathi), luchaphazela impilo yabantu nokudala indawo evumayo ukuba ukuvela kunye nophuhliso kwezifo.

Health: Inkcazo

Impilo Human - imeko eqhelekileyo eziphilayo apho zonke ii-arhente banako ukwenza ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi yawo ukugcina nokukhuthaza ubomi. Malunga isimo umzimba womntu kusetyenziswa ingqikelelo "obuqhelekileyo" - afanayo amaxabiso athile parameters kumqolo, sokuba amayeza kunye nenzululwazi. Nakuphi na ukutenxa luphawu kunye nesiqinisekiso nempilo enkenenkene ukuba ngokwangaphandle neziboniswe ukuhlukumeza olunokulinganiswa omzimba kwaye utshintshe umthamo wayo encomekayo. Noko ke, impilo - isimo kwimpilo-ntle kuphela, kwakunye balance yezentlalo ngokomoya.

Umngcipheko factor: definition, yokuhlela

Impilo Human - imeko eqhelekileyo eziphilayo apho zonke ii-arhente banako ukwenza ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi yabo.

Ngu iqondo imiba yomngcipheko zilandelayo kwi nefuthe kwimpilo kwezifo ezahlukeneyo:

1. Primary. ngenxa yokuba:

• ngendlela engalunganga yokuphila. Le kakubi utywala, ukutshaya, nezingafezekanga, iimeko eziphathekayo zokuphila amahlwempu, isimo sokuziphatha embi entsatsheni, imeko rhoqo ngokweemvakalelo, ntshikilelo, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, inqanaba lemfundo kunye nezenkcubeko, abasweleyo;
• yegazi ephezulu;
• imbali yosapho kunye nomngcipheko genetic;
• ungcoliseko, ukwanda imitha imvelaphi kunye radiation zibuthe, kukho utshintsho esikhawulezileyo of esesibhakabhakeni iparameters;
• iinkonzo zempilo enkenenkene, nguye libya ukhathalelo, ukusilela ukunika kuyo.

2. zinto Secondary enkulu umngcipheko ezinxulumene izifo ezifana yegazi, isifo seswekile, lwegazi, kunye nabanye.

iimeko zangaphandle nezangaphakathi lomngcipheko

ubungozi zesifo ezahlukeneyo:

• lwangaphandle (uqoqosho, esingqongileyo);

• zobuqu (lwangaphakathi), ngokuxhomekeke mntu iimpawu zokuziphatha kwakhe (ukuthambekela ilifa, amanqanaba igazi eliphezulu cholesterol, yokungasebenzi emzimbeni, ukutshaya). Indibaniso zizathu ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ngamaxesha inyusa ukusebenza kwazo.

Imiba yomngcipheko zilawulwa kwaye olungalawulwayo

Ngomhla ukusebenza yokunqanda ubungozi siphambili isifo ayashiyana ngokwendlela zokugweba ezimbini: abancediswayo engakhokelwa.

Zimeko engalawulekiyo okanye ezingenakuthintelwa, (ukuba esinamandla, kodwa akukho ithuba ukutshintsha kubo) ziquka:

• yobudala. Abantu abaye bakunyathela eyimbalasane nyaka-60, ezisengozini ukuvela zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo xa kuthelekiswa abaselula. Kwaba ngexesha lokuvuthwa le abazi phantse ngaxeshanye zisiba sezifo ukuba abantu 'asindise "iminyaka yobomi;
• floor. Abafazi akuvumele ngcono iintlungu, imeko intshukumo encinane kunye nokungakwazi elide xa kuthelekiswa kwisiqingatha eyindoda abantu;
• yofuzo. Umntu ngamnye yofuzo ethile sisifo njengomsebenzi ngezakhi ilifa. Esasulela kubazali bakhe, Down engqondweni, abanesigulo esinganyangekiyo. yofuzo ikhona izifo ezifana yegazi, isifo seswekile, izilonda, nangokhwekhwe, lwegazi. ukubonakala kwazo flow kwenzeka phantsi kweempembelelo into ethile lwangaphandle.

ubungozi Controllable: definition

factor ephethwe - lowo kunye banomnqweno, ukuzimisela kwakhe, ukunyamezela kunye namandla okuzimisela lupheliswe:

- Ukutshaya. Abantu baqhele ukuba ukuphefumla rhoqo umsi wecuba kabili kungenzeka efayo nesifo sentliziyo kunokuba non-abangatshayiyo. Risk factor - oko yenye wecuba ukuba kwandisa uxinzelelo imizuzu eli-15, yaye ifi rhoqo kwandisa isandi semithambo sehlise nokusebenza kwamayeza. Xa njengokutshaya isigarethe 5 ngemini kwandisa ingozi yokufa-40%, i-pack - 400%.

- kakubi utywala. ukuselwa kotywala Minimum kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko izifo kwenkqubo sentliziyo. Amathuba ukufa yaligqiba abantu kakubi utywala.

- ubunzima kakhulu. akunyusi nje kuphela ingozi yesifo, kodwa ibe nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwi ukugula kakade. Ingozi a ebizwa ngokuba yi-ukutyeba Central, apho kwenzeka ngamanqatha ityala kwi esiswini. Unobangela oqhelekileyo umzimba ngumba umngcipheko eya kusapho. Lo mkhwa kukuzingxala, yokungasebenzi (ukunqongophala umsebenzi ngokwasemzimbeni), ukutya kunye nomxholo aphezulu carbohydrate kunye namafutha.

- rhoqo umthambo onzima. Enjalo ingqalelo umsebenzi onzima owenziwe phantse imini ezinxulumene nentshukumo esebenzayo, ukudinwa kakhulu, ephakamisa okanye ithwele into esindayo. lezemidlalo ezinxulumene uhlobo esinganyangekiyo kakhulu kwinkqubo musculoskeletal (abanxibe impahla, weightlifting) izihlandlo eziliqela kwandisa umngcipheko kwamathambo ngenxa imithwalo isigxina omzimba.

- Ukungabikho umsebenzi ngokwasemzimbeni - nayo controllable ingozi. Le nefuthe elibi nethoni umzimba, ukunciphisa ngonyamezelo omzimba, ukunciphisa ukumelana iimeko zangaphandle.

- Ukungondleki. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba:

• isidlo ngaphandle uziva ulambile,
• ukusetyenziswa eninzi netyuwa, iswekile, okunamafutha kunye nokutya eqhotsiweyo,
• Ukudla uhamba, ebusuku, ebukele umabonakude okanye ukufunda iphephandaba,
• ukusetyenziswa yokutya izixa kakhulu ezikhulu okanye ezincinane kakhulu,
• ukuhluleka yomxhesho iziqhamo kunye nemifuno,
• isidlo ephosakeleyo okanye ukungabikho kwayo,
• okumnandi isidlo emva kwexesha ,
• ukungabikho ngokunciphisa ngumzekelo,
• ukusetyenziswa omyinge elingonelanga amanzi,
• kokuphilayo ediniwe izidlo ezahlukeneyo kunye nendlala.

- Ntshikilelo. Kule meko, kumzimba na ukusebenza enesiphako, ngaloo ndlela ebangela uphuhliso iintlobo ngeentlobo izifo, kwaye xi etsolo ube push to isenzeko ndamelwa yintliziyo, ubomi esisongela yenethiwekhi.

Ukubakho ubuncinane enye yezi zinto umngcipheko kwandisa izinga lokusweleka amaxesha 3, ukuhlanganiswa ezininzi - kumaxesha 5-7.

izifo namalungu

Izifo ngokubambisana ixhaphakileyo abantu ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• ukudleka. Ingozi ukunyuka sifo ngokomlinganiselo yobudala: emva kweminyaka engama-65 kunye osteoarthritis wabetha 87% yabantu, lo gama ukuya kwiminyaka 45 - 2%;

• kwamathambo - sisifo zenkqubo ezinxulumene amandla amathambo lehla, okwandisa ingozi Ukophuka nkqu trauma encinci. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo kakhulu kwabasetyhini kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala;

• low iqolo - isifo yomqolo, apho kukho sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi mandundu le imizimba vertebral, IiCD intervertebral, nemisipha kunye nezihlunu.

Imiba yomngcipheko ephambili lwezifo namalungu

Ukongeza ubungozi ngokubanzi (imbali yosapho, ubudala, ubunzima excess), sithwele umngcipheko lomzimba, nako ukufumanisa isifo namalungu:

• ukutya okungenazakha-mzimba, ukumqumbisa kwezakha ukunqongophala emzimbeni;
• igciwane;
• ukuphatheka;
• umsebenzi kakhulu emzimbeni, okanye icala, ukungazilolongi;
• nemisebenzi eyenziwe phezu amalungu;
• amavila.

Izifo e-nervous system

Zifo zixhaphakileyo kwinkqubo luvo zezi zilandelayo:

• Ntshikilelo - liqabane lomgadi yokuphila mihla, ingakumbi ngokubhekiselele kubemi kwizixeko ezikhulu. Le meko mandundu imeko amahlwempu zemali, ukuhla kwezentlalo, iingxaki, iingxaki zobuqu kunye nosapho. Ngenxa uxinezeleko rhoqo likhaya 80% yenani labantu abadala kumazwe phambili.

• chronic fatigue syndrome. ngumkhuba aziqhelileyo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, ingakumbi ezifanelekileyo labantu abasebenzayo. zingqubane ze nokudinwa syndrome kugqalwa syndrome olwaboniswa ukudinwa, ubuthathaka, silale, ukungabikho ithoni ngokwasengqondweni, endaweni imvakalelo yokungakhathali, lithemba kunye nokunqongophala epheleleyo umnqweno ukwenza nantoni na.

• Neurosis. Ngenxa yokuphila kwiindawo zenqila, uhlobo lokhuphiswano abantu namhlanje, i ngokukhawuleza nesiveliso, urhwebo kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwazi overload.

Izinto ezibangela izifo e-nervous system

Imiba yomngcipheko ephambili lwezifo e-nervous system zezi zilandelayo:

• ukugula eqaqamba likakade rhoqo kungenzeka ukuba iphazamise ukusebenza evumelanayo kwamajoni omzimba nokudinwa imikhosi ezibalulekileyo, ngaloo ndlela ekuthinteleni luvo;
• ukuxinezeleka rhoqo, unxunguphalo kunye neengcamango udakumbile, ibangela lidiniwe nokukhathala rhoqo;
• akukho ngeeholide-veki;
• ukugcina ukhetho abahluphekayo yokuphila: isitali ubuthongo nasekusweleni, ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwasengqondweni uhlobo elide, ukunqongophala umoya kunye nokukhanya kwelanga;
• iintsholongwane kunye nosuleleko. Ngokutsho ingcamango yangoku umzimba ufumane i-herpes virus, cytomegalovirus, enteroviruses, Retroviruses, ebangela yimvakalelo chronic fatigue;
• uphazamiseko olunokubangela buthathaka umzimba, kwa oku komelela omzimba kunye neuro-ngokwasengqondweni (utyando, zomzimba, ichemotherapy, radiation non-ionizing (computers);
• umsebenzi obungabangeli mdla onzima;
• stress nangokwengqondo ezingapheliyo;
• ukungabikho umdla ebomini nobomi namathemba;
• lwegazi, DYSTONIA semithambo, esinganyangekiyo isifo iphecana lokuzala;
• kwabadala.

Izinto ezibangela izifo amalungu zemigudu

Enye zifo zixhaphakileyo zemiphunga zithathwa, nto leyo uhlobo eyoyikekayo umhlaza wemiphunga. bronchitis, inyumoniya, isifuba inyumoniya, ezinganyangekiyo obstructive isifo yemiphunga - uluhlu sikude ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kuyingozi kakhulu.

Izinto ezibangela izifo zemiphunga:

• ukutshaya (esebenzayo kunye passive). Oqalayo 90% yamatyala engozini yokuba nesifo semiphunga esingapheliyo;
• Ungcoliseko lomoya: uthuli, kwenkungu edibene nomsi, umsi, microparticles izinto ezahlukeneyo, iimveliso zokucoca ludala izifo zemiphunga kwaye zinoxanduva kwemali wabo onzima. Kwi isixokelelwano sokuphefumla kakubi kuchaphazela ukucoca azonwabisa ngayo indlu, ukusetyenziswa izinto ezitshiphu, ungcoliseko kwiindawo zokuhlala;
• ukutyeba, utyebile, okubangela ukuphelelwa umoya kwaye kufuneka kuqiniswe inkqubo sentliziyo;
• nomzimba;
• Iingozi zemisebenzi ezikhoyo xa esebenza kushishino, elileli, zobunjineli, kwemigodi, zamalahle;
• inkqubo buthathaka omzimba.

Izinto ezibangela izifo hematopoietic kunye nezifo

ngoku Ingxaki enkulu kukungabikho amandla okukwazi luqinisekiswa kakhulu ukutya ngqiqweni kwaye esingangqinelaniyo, ezingalunganga iimeko zokusingqongileyo nobukhoboka. Ukuba umsebenzi amajoni omzimba ngokucacileyo sele lusekiwe, iintsholongwane indlela ezincane odolwe. Ukungaphumeleli kwamajoni omzimba kukhokelela kukuvela izifo iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka hematopoietic. Le wegazi, ianemia, izifo ezinxulumene ne igazi ekunqandeni kakuhle.

Imiba yomngcipheko ephambili lwezifo igazi kunye amajoni omzimba:

• yofuzo;
• ukuphazamiseka kokuya;
• ukopha acute kunye ezingapheliyo;
• utyando;
• izifo ezingapheliyo kwenkqubo genitourinary kunye iphecana zesisu;
• iintsimbi iziyobisi;
• imingxunya olwaye lwamfimfitha izifo;
• radiation ionizing, yelanga;
• Iingozi zemisebenzi;
• chemical into umhlaza ifakiwe imixube of Iipeyinti, ivanishi;
• ngokutya okunesondlo;
• ukukhulelwa, zisanyisa;
• ukudla engafanelekanga;
• radiation eqhumayo.