Ravelin - a ... ravelins Famous Russian

Ravelin - le yenye iziqalelo ze ekuthiwa-star Fort ukuba kwavela ixesha mihla siphila (ngenkulungwane XVII-XIX). Yintoni ravelin? Iyintoni na intsingiselo yalo gama? Kwaye yintoni umsebenzi ngayo ekusebenzeni iinqaba?

Elements star Fort

Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo zokudubula kwinkulungwane XVI, ezinxulumene inkangeleko kunye nokuphuculwa rhoqo kweenkqubo nenqaba zokuzifaka apha. iinqaba ephakathi kunye iinqaba babe sakwazi ukujongana ngokupheleleyo imipu ezintsha ekulweni. Iindonga weenqaba nje akayigcina zabo ezinamandla. Ngenxa yoko, iindonga baqalisa ukwakha ngaphantsi ohlawula ingqalelo ephambili ukuba ubukhulu babo. kungekudala iinqaba ezinde endaweni zintaba, leyo ekuhambeni kwexesha baba kakhulu ezinkulu kakuhle wacinga ezikrazukileyo nawezonakeleyo phantsi fomu.

Kukho izinto ezininzi (iintlobo) star inqaba. Zezi:

• egoqweni;
• komkhusane;
• ravelins;
• redyuity;
• akamsalisela.

Yintoni ravelin? Kwaye yintoni indima onayo i inqaba? Okuninzi malunga oku kuza kuxutyushwa ngakumbi.

Ravelin - a ...

Eli binzana ka-Latin (ravelere) okanye Italian (ravellino) imvelaphi. Intsingiselo "nenyanga isiqingatha" (ulimi indawo ekunene kwi lwegama yokugqibela) - "ezahlulwe" okanye "kunqunyulwa." Yiloo nto elinokuguqulelwa njani kwisiLatini.

Ravelin - kukuthi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ixesha zokwakha ukuba lisetyenziswa kwimicimbi yasemkhosini. Oku extra inqaba, ephakathi zilikhusi ezibekwe ngecala kunye nomjelo phambi inqaba. Kwesi sicwangciso, oko kudla ntathu imilo.

Amaninzi Ravelin na uhlobo obungama ilitye enamandla kunye casemates zokubeka sharpshooters kunye zokudubula. Ngaphezu koko, ukuphakama yomjikelezo kufuneka 1-1.5 leemitha ngaphantsi kweendonga eziphambili inqaba. Le ravelins inqaba zenzelwe ukuba enze imisebenzi emininzi kwaye ebalulekileyo. zezi:

• yokugubungela iindonga zesixeko esembindini ukusuka ngomlilo zokudubula ngqo;
• eyenza ukuhlasela amabutho esitha;
• ingqondo esetyenziselwa amajoni ukuba balwe.

Ravelin lisetyenziswa eYurophu phantse amane eminyaka (ukusuka XVI XIX). Abaninzi kubo baye basinda ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, ingakumbi, phezu kummandla Russia.

ravelins eyaziwa Russia

Mhlawumbi imizekelo ravelins ezininzi obungayiwayo kummandla Russia mihla kwakhiwa eSt Petersburg - UAlexis ne St John. Bona ngokuba yi ngokwamagama usisizalwane somgadi uPetros Enkulu: ngokulandelelanayo, imbeko kayise nomntakwabo imbeko werhuluneli. Omnye wabo (Yohane St.) ingakhangelwa ngaphakathi kwinqaba namhlanje.

UAlexis Ravelin ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX, yeha, satshatyalaliswa. Exakayo, waba isakhiwo ngoyaba nje kuphela, kodwa intolongo inqaba. Kuyo, Decembrists abaninzi abachasi kolawulo tsarist zenziwa. Prison Alexeyev Ravelin waze 1884.

Enye Ravelin ezaziwayo-kakuhle use Sebastopol. Oku iinqaba zokubonisela enamandla yakhiwa ngo-1840 ukuya ukukhusela isixeko ibheyi bangaphathwa iinqanawa utshaba ukuya elwandle. Ekuthiwa-Konstantinovsky battery Sevastopol idlale indima enkulu kwimbali kabini, ngexesha iCrimea (1854-1855) kunye iMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

isiphelo

Ravelin - isakhiwo inkxaso yokubonisela sokuzikhusela, eziye zasetyenziswa kakhulu ukususela phakathi kwenkulungwane XVII. Le misebenzi iphambili kweli ziko ezimbini: ukunqanda ukuhlaselwa lutshaba ukukhusela inqaba emlilweni utshaba zokudubula.