Prague Astronomical Clock: imbali kunye umhombiso oqingqiweyo

Prague Astronomical Clock (Orloj) - zamaxesha aphakathi clock inqaba, ezifakwe ePrague ngomhla Old Town Square. Bona zibekwe phezu kodonga ngezantsi kwinqaba kwiHolo Old Town. Xa yobudala la ngeenkwenkwezi clock ngowabathathu ehlabathini. Ngendlela, ukuba umdala kakhulu, kodwa esebenzayo.

Owu, indlela elungileyo Prague Astronomical Clock! Orloj iqulathe izinto ezintathu ezisisiseko kubekwa phezu kwenqaba nkqo. central ingxenye yako inkosi zixhotyiswe iphedi ngeenkwenkwezi, nto leyo ebonisa yamaKaledi, Endala Bohemian, mihla (Central Yuruphu) kunye nexesha sidereal, ixesha ilanga ekuseni, kwisigaba nenyanga, ukuma iinkwenkwezi phakathi imilindo, owakhiwa kwisangqa zodiacal.

Kumacala omabini kwewotshi ngeenkwenkwezi akhoo ukuba ukuhambisa iyure yonke. Phakathi kwabo ibalasele ngaphezu kwezinto zonke oqingqiweyo Ukufa, enziwe ngohlobo ngamathambo abantu. Phezulu, ngasekunene, kwicala lasekhohlo lwe ilitye iziko sculpture ingelosi windows ezimbini encinane zibekwe apho ngeyure zonke, xa esiva le iwotshi chiming, iye kuvela imifanekiso wabapostile abali-12. Ngaphezu ungabona umfanekiso amatye kerubhi umqhagi segolide umemeza xa Abapostile bagqibe mngcwabo zabo.

Phantsi kwisitupu ngeenkwenkwezi ibekwa ikhalenda, ngalo uyakwazi ukubona inyanga yonyaka, veki, usuku lweveki, kwakunye neeholide zamaKristu umi. Ilungelo kunye nangasekhohlo kuso ngumthi ochweliweyo eqingqiweyo ezibekwe.

ilungelo

Prague Astronomical Clock ezigcinwe kwi inqaba ende izakhiwo Old Town. Ngowe-1338 abemi Old Town soMhlekazi uYohane Luxembourg banikwe ilungelo lokuba iHolo lobuqu. Emva koko, ukusetyenziswa ezidolophini yathengwa indlu yabucala yonke yomrhwebi Volfina samatye. Ekuqaleni, esi sakhiwo kwakhona ngokungqinelana neemfuno iBhunga leSixeko, uze emva koko ngo-1364 ukuba mayixhotyiswe inqaba. Kuwo ikloko, leyo ngaye okokuqala ngo-1402. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa ulondolozo kwenkathalo kwafuneka ukuba bazithenge kamsinya, ukuze wadalwa Orloj.

Ngoko ke, siya kuqhubeka nokujonga ngakumbi Prague Astronomical Clock. Le iwashi yi ngeenkwenkwezi iiwotshi mechanical na iindawana zindala ewotshini, eyenziwe ngo-1410. Le miba wadala Weewotshi Mikulas of Kadan ngeenkwenkwezi kweprojekthi kunye yezibalo John Schindel. Mshini ngeenkwenkwezi unalo uyilo oqingqiweyo aveza kumasifundisane le nomkroli Czech adumileyo kunye umyili Petra Parlerzha. Orloj kuqala kubonisiwe kuxwebhu lwe-Oktobha 9, 1410. Kuyo Mikulas of Kadan luphawulwa njengento weewotshi ngamazwi elivunywe owadala chimes kunye Iastrolabe ukuya kwiindawo zamandulo Prague.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, kweli phepha, iBhunga City kunye usodolophu otyholwa ingcibi Albert (owayesakuba umgcini) ngenxa yokungakhathali yonyango clock lwangaphambili kunye Mikolas indumiso ngomsebenzi wakhe obalaseleyo. Olu xwebhu kwakhona yathi njengomvuzo umsebenzi eyiyo ukufumana indlu esangweni lesixeko Gavelskih, 3000 ePrague iipeni imali ngexesha elinye, kwaye umxhesho 600 iipeni zonyaka.

iphutha zembali

Enye inkcazelo documentary Orloe wabonakala ngo 1490. Kwaba ngoko weewotshi Yan Ruzhe Prague, eyaziwa ngokuba iNkosi Hanus, isixhobo kulungiswa, wathi yokuqala ihamba sculpture Death kunye elisezantsi ukucofa ngekhalenda. Ezi izincedisi encomekayo kunye neminyaka engama-80 kukutyeshela bemeko- yokuqala zempembelelo yokuba ukuba inkosi Hanus eminye iminyaka 450 yayigqalwa umdali kwewotshi. Ukuchaneka Historical sade ibonakala ilivo, ngokutsho apho ilungu leBhunga Prague wayalela ukuba wavela specialist Hanuš ukuba umsebenzi wakhe ayikwazanga kuphindwa naphi na. Olu lwazi kuxhaphake kakhulu phakathi zizifundiswa Bulelani umbhali Alois Jirasek, yidibanise zabo "Czech Legends endala" (1894).

E Yana Ruzhe, mhlawumbi wazala unyana, owathi iminyaka emininzi kwamnceda. Yaba nguye lowo wabukela le wotshi ngeenkwenkwezi ku-1530. Oku kuthelekiswa weewotshi Jakubom Cech, uMdali kwiiyure yokuqala eziphathwayo Czech. E Yakub waba umfundi, yaye Orla washiywa ngaphandle ngoncedo.

Ngowe-1552 wamiselwa ukuba akhonze Prague Astronomical Clock Yana Taborskogo. Wakha ke zaphuculwa imveliso, kwakunye wabeka kunye umyalelo ezibanzi zobugcisa. Kungenxa kolu xwebhu okokuqala Yang yeTabhore ngokungachanekanga ubiza umdali Ian Chimes Rouge. Imposiso yenzekile ngenxa utoliko elingachanekanga ufako ixesha. Ngowe-1962, oko nkqo lo ngeenkwenkwezi Czech kunye mbali Zdenek Gorski, esifunda imbali yenzululwazi.

Usindiso kwewotshi

Kwiinkulungwane ezalandelayo, Prague Astronomical Clock wayeka izihlandlo eziliqela ngenxa yokungabikho kubagcini zobungcali ngokuphinda-phinda zalungiswa. Ngowe-1629 no 1659 iiyure ngokulandelelana babewiselwe ukulungisa, ngexesha apho abetha indlela iye yabekwa phantsi ukususela kwinqaba, kunye nomfuziselo Ukufa yabonakala ngamaplanga "nabo." Ngeli ukulungisa inkqubo intshukumo kuphela ezifihlakeleyo kweNyanga, ebonisa isigaba yayo iye yamiselwa.

iminyaka yonke bema ngaphandle intshukumo yasePrague Astronomical Clock. Prague kwinkulungwane XVIII zange ukunikela ingqalelo imeko yazo ebalulekileyo. Xa ngo-1787 kwiholo yedolophu inkosi yakhiwe Orloj wada wafuna ukuba ayifake ezilahliweyo metal. Iiyure nisindiswe abasebenzi ekutshatyalalisweni Prague Clementinum: Head of the Observatory uNjingalwazi Strnad Antonin wenza iinkxaso kunye nokulungisa kunye weewotshi uSimon Landspergerom ukuya Ngo1791 bit wazilungisa. Eneneni, wakwazi ukubaleka nje isixhobo clock, kunye Iastrolabe ezonakeleyo wahlala.

Kwangaxesha nye, oko kongezwa imilonde uyivulele abapostile. Kuncendile ukulungisa le wotshi kwaqhutywa kule minyaka 1865-1866: zonke iindawo womatshini sele zilungisiwe, kuquka Iastrolabe, into eyenziwe umqhagi kongezwa. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umzobi manęs Josef ihonjiswe drive asezantsi kwikhalenda. Kwaye ukulawula ukuchaneka ziingcali icala ziye zasekwa chronometer Bozheka Romuald.

umonakalo

A lot of amagcisa wadala Prague Astronomical Clock. Czech Republic inebhongo iqhekeza art. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba iye yabangela umonakalo encomekayo ekupheleni Second World War kwewotshi. E Prague, ngo-1945, Meyi 5, uvukelo anti-Nazi isaqhuma. Kwisixeko ukulwa yonke, baba wakha yenze. Ingakumbi ukungqubana gqolo kwelo ziko, kufuphi kwakhiwe i-Czech Radio, abavukeli kwikhompyutha. Abo bavukeli kunye ngoncedo samaza kanomathotholo obekwe phezu kwenqaba iHolo Old Town, ndisasaze isibheno abantu Czech.

E Prague, yaba yinxalenye "iziko" wa waseJamani Army Group. Bazama ukubeka phantsi ugwiliko ukuba ziphazamise losasazo. umkhosi waseJamani ukudubula isakhiwo Hall Town Old of flak projectiles sigade, ibangela May 8, 1945, oko ephakamayo. Emva koko ke wotshi ngeenkwenkwezi kabuhlungu zokutshiswa ngumlilo: Astronomical drive ingqubekile phantsi kwaye sika ikhalenda kunye eqingqiweyo oqingqiweyo ka abapostile atshiswe.

ukululama

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Julayi 1, 1948 chimes zaye ngokutsha abazalwana ngokupheleleyo Jindřich noRudolf Vesetskie salungisa iindawo ezaphukileyo kwaye egosogoso yalo mbutho kunye kwakhona waluphakamisa, kwaye oyingcali iinkuni entsha eqingqiweyo imifanekiso abapostile. ukulungiswa yokugqibela minor le wotshi yenziwa ngo-2005. Namhlanje, kuba kukudala 3/4 iqulathe ungamalungu ubudala.

iphedi Astronomical

Kutheni abantu abaninzi kangaka ufuna ukubona clock Prague? Imiqondiso Astronomical kubonisiwe kule wobugcisa, injezu wonke. Kwisitupu sika-iwashi i Iastrolabe, mayixhotyiswe drive kwinkqubo iwotshi. Orloj idlala Ptolomeevskoe Isakhiwo geocentric zehlabathi; kweli ziko i Umhlaba apho zijikeleza inyanga ilanga.

Ngokutsho umbala kusekho yangasemva disk ngeenkwenkwezi ebonisa umhlaba kunye nesibhakabhaka, le miba ilandelayo ukuhambisa: komjikelezo kwaye zavela, iimpawu kunye nabalinganiswa kunye neNyanga kunye Sun ngku sibini ngesandla egolide asterisk ekupheleni. Ngokungafaniyo imilindo eziqhelekileyo, apha clockwise akukho.

socofo yekhalenda

Yintoni udume ngakumbi Prague Astronomical Clock? iwotshi Ikhalenda ewotshi zaye kuqala eyenzelwe Yanom Ruzhe (Hanuš inkosi) ngo-1490. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba chimes ekuqaleni kwa- kuphela dial ngeenkwenkwezi. Disc yokuqala, ngelishwa, iye yachitheka. version yayo lwangoku wadalwa Akhayivisti K. J. Erben ukusuka ePrague ngexesha ukubuyiselwa kwiminyaka 1865-1866, ngokusekelwe iikopi ephila 1659, nto leyo yayisekelwe imikrolo yamandulo. Kwiminyaka 1865-1866 ikhalenda disk beqabe opeyintayo manęs Yozef. Kungenxa yoko le nto kudla ngokuthiwa ngokuba ukucofa manęs.

Umhombiso oqingqiweyo kweentsimbi

Thina sele akwazi ukuthi Prague Astronomical Clock. Orloj - igama wabo wesibini. Imifanekiso, ubuciko oko, zadalwa kwiinkulungwane eziliqela. Kungenxa yoko le nto abanayo ingcamango bokudala enye. Kukholelwa ukuba ilitye imikrolo ahombise sika ngeenkwenkwezi, kunye ukukrola ingelosi kwi nakumphezulu iwotshi, yokusebenzela eyenziweyo Petra Parlerzha. Enye imbonakalo yabonakala kamva.

Ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha iiyure imifanekiso ngokutsha, ngamanye amaxesha senza sisitsha ukuba bucinyiwe, ingqiqo yabo yokuqala. Ngenxa yoko, namhlanje kunzima kakhulu ukuchaza intsingiselo loyilo yokwakha le chimes.

namandla kwemvelo

Abantu abane ingqondo aphakathi ukholelwa ukuba nasiphi na isakhiwo kunokuba nempembelelo zomonakalo amandla angaphezu kwendalo. Ngoko ke Zazihonjiswe indlu yakhe elimlindileyo kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ekubeni ikloko ngeenkwenkwezi ibekwe phezu kodonga isakhiwo wempangelo (ayizange ukukhusela etempileni), lo imfuneko yokunyusa eziqwini. Ngoko ke, inxalenye nakumphezulu Prague wobugcisa labalindi umqhagi kunye nengelosi basilisk.

On kophahla izidanga ezi zizidalwa wasentsomini - basilisk ezimbini, ezinako ukuguqula shazi eyodwa zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ngamatye. Ngamnye kubo amaphiko amabini, lwalo intaka, kwaye umzimba nenyoka utolo-ngumsila wena. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba basilisk ebedume Bulelani kwisihloko yokumkani inyoka. Ihonjiswe Rooster - luphawu samandulo ukulinda kunye nesibindi ukubulisa ilanga kunye umhla omtsha obekwe phantsi eluphahleni chimes. Iinkolelo bathi ngentswahla yokuqala yale ntaka liyalahleka amandla ububi, nobukhosi ebusuku.

oqingqiweyo Central top of ilixa a oqingqiweyo ingelosi enamaphiko. Umthunywa kaThixo ugcina iribhoni likhona ngesigidimi ukuba namhlanje akunakwenzeka ukuba ukufunda. Angel ke umfanekiso oqingqiweyo zindala lwepaki kunye ukulwa gqolo nxamnye nemikhosi amnyama. Oku lixhomekeke Inqwanqwa, phantsi apho ibekwe ekabani ngokupheleleyo rock band. Abanye bathi loo nto pastiche iinyoka, abanye - umqulu yokubhaliweyo kuzakusetyenziswa ukufomata imihla. Ngapha nangapha mzobo ingelosi window ezimbini ezibekwe, leyo mayibonakale yonke imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ngelixa abapostile-12.

Sithemba ukuba ulonwabele Inqaku lethu kwi Prague Astronomical Clock, kwaye kufuneka ube nomnqweno zibone lo wobugcisa.