Planet Jupiter: amakhonkco, Hewana, ukuguda noburhabaxa kwakunye umdla facts

Nangona into yokuba namhlanje abantu oye wafunda ukubheka emajukujukwini, uzama ukufumana ubomi Iqela zikude iinkwenkwezi kwinkqubo yethu elanga kuhlala kwindawo encinane eyaziwayo. Enye iiplanethi kunazo zonke kwinkqubo yethu kuthathwa ukuba Jupiter. Amakhonkco, Hewana, Spot - konke oku lo mhlaba elikhulu, apho kungekho satellite uphando nanye ngokusesikweni.

ulwazi jikelele

Jupiter sise kwindawo yesihlanu ukusuka elangeni ngokuthi ejikelezayo ngeenxa zonke izibane orbit phakathi iMars iSaturn. Hayi ilize, kulo mhlaba uthathwa ibingumntu kwinkqubo yethu - umthamo wayo ifaniswa ubungakanani 1300 of "iibhola", njengoko uMhlaba. Attraction on Jupiter yi izihlandlo ezibini ezinesiqingatha ngakumbi kunesiqhelo kuthi. Ngaloo ndlela, umntu 100 eekhilogram alwaba, xa babehamba ku Jupiter ukubona isikali inani 250. Weight elifanayo iplanethi enkulu ubungakanani amaxesha Umhlaba 317. Ukongeza, ubunzima izihlandlo ezibini ezinesiqingatha ubunzima lilonke ezinye zonke iiplanethi sethu langa.

Igama umhlaba waba kumaxesha amandulo - kwathiwa igama imbeko intloko uthixo wamaRoma.

Phezu kwayo amazing ubungakanani, Jupiter (ngekhonkco loo nto ibingayi kulwenza unyawo unique - babe izijikelezi-langa ezininzi) yeyona planethi fastest kwenkqubo elanga. A revolution epheleleyo malunga axis yayo kuthatha iiyure ezili-10. Le isantya kungenxa kwimitha esomeleleyo mhlaba otsalayo le planethi. Kwangaxeshanye, ukwenzela ukugqiba ukujikeleza ehlabathini jikelele, isigebenga ithatha 12 Umhlaba iminyaka.

Jupiter iminyaka emininzi yayigqalwa ingxilimbela igesi, kodwa akunjalo kwakudala, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba akukho libunjwa ngokupheleleyo yeehidrojeni helium - kuba yinxalenye yemeko kuphela umhlaba ukuze ujikeleze kakuhle. The Jupiter efanayo kakhulu iquka engundoqo metal ulwelo isale igqunyelelwe ngomaleko omkhulu hydrogen sisinyithi. Lufikelela kuyo ulwandle hydrogen engamanzi. Inyaniso yokuba kule mifanekiso kubonakala kwindawo omkhulu, iyasebenza ngqo nje phezulu zamafu. amatshatshazi - amafu ze ammonia, ezimnyama - ze ammonium hydrosulfide.

amakhonkco

Ubukho amakhonkco yafunyanwa ngo-1979 ngokuthi zibhabha kufutshane emhlabeni, "Voyager 1". Okwangoku ophawulwe leekhomponenti ezintathu ezenza le nto yendalo. Amakhonkco kaZeyus ne likaSaturn, ukuba zininzi izinto esifana Noko ke, zahluke amagqabantshintshi. Umzekelo, ezi zoleko ezingqonge isigebenga abangobantu ziqulathe ice amasuntswana. Kukholelwa ukuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo emakhonkcweni akhiwa ingozi yokuba umhlaba kunye satellites awe esibhakabhakeni. Kuqala wacinga ukuba amakhonkco ezintathu kuphela, kodwa esizibonayo kutshanje zikhokelele kwisigqibo malunga ubukho kwenye, ngaphambili engaqapheleki, nemisesane, akhiwe kufutshane kumphezulu womhlaba.

satellites

Iplanethi Jupiter, emakhonkcweni awalibethayo izazinzulu, ine i phawu emangalisayo: inani elikhulu-Hewana. Xa zizonke, kungoku nje ukubala iiyunithi 63. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabo abe ubungakanani encinane kakhulu - kweekhilomitha ngaphantsi kwe-10 ububanzi. Baya ukunyanzela izazinzulu ukukholelwa ukuba kusekho asingabo bonke satellites kwenziwe. Kuye Kucetyiswa ukuba, ngokwenene kusenokuba kukho ngaphezu kwesinye ezilikhulu. Elikhulu abelwe abangama-ezine: Ganymede, Io, Callisto kunye Europa - baye bafumanisa yi UGalileo Galilei. Eyona inkulu - Ganymede - up to 5262 km ubukhulu - ezinkulu kuno Mercury. Isathelayithi zifakwa ngokupheleleyo kunye ice uqweqwe, jika isigebenga endothi ngemihla 7 yokugqibela. Io yenye yezinto ezininzi ongaqondakaliyo - phezu satellite ngokuqhubekayo iqhuma mlilo, kukho amachibi mlilo. Kuyo kukho iintaba km ukuya ku-16 ukuphakama. Io lisondele kakhulu Jupiter ngaphezu nenyanga yethu Emhlabeni, nto leyo kwakhona imfihlelo zesayensi.

indawo

Emva ngo-1665, kaZeyus, emakhonkcweni apho nabangekafumani uyaziwa, kumangaliswa ababukeleyo indawo enkulu zasemzini kumphezulu wayo. Kwaba ngathi phezu anticyclone enkulu - elikhulu kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ukuba ubude ngaphezu kwe-40 ophosa .. Namhlanje, eli nani liye sehle. Kumnyele wethu, yenkanyamba kucingwa isenzeko omkhulu imozulu. On ubuso baso ukwamkela iiplanethi ezintathu efana neyethu. Hurricane lijikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu - 435 km / h, yaye hayi indlela apho kwenzeka kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko.

ukubukela

Ukuba kukho isibini elungileyo zizibonakude kunye Array isibhakabhaka ebusuku, Jupiter kulula ukufumana. Khalisa kuyo, kunjalo, ukuya kubona oko akunakwenzeka, kodwa abamhlophe disc ngenxa yomhlaba kanye Hewana kwayo ukubona yokwenene kakhulu. Ukuqaqamba ke into yesithathu esibhakabhakeni - emva kweNyanga Venus. Nkqu ezikhanya star Sirius iba phambi Bunobungangamela iplanethi enkulu.

zibuthe

Indlela amakhonkco ezininzi kaZeyus, asiyonto yokuba kakhulu umdla. Ukongeza, amandla emangalisayo lo mhlaba otsalayo le planethi. Eli lelona liphezulu kumnyele wethu. Imagnethi Jupiter esegqitha ukuba amaxesha Umhlaba 14. ngeenkwenkwezi Ukukhokela bakholelwa ukuba loo magunya ifunyanwa enkosi intshukumo rhoqo hydrogen sisinyithi enkabeni-langa. Oku kwenza Jupiter ukuba umthombo onamandla kakhulu yemi- ekwaziyo, ukuba kuwonakalisa, unobangela umonakalo elibalulekileyo nayiphi ezingamasetyana wathunyelwa Earth. Noko ke, hayi kuphela radiation ekwaziyo onakalise nawuphi na umzimba ngumntu, kodwa isangqa ezijikeleze iJupiter kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu umzimba ezi zinto.

Lo mhlaba otsalayo ezinxulumene lulophu solar, akha magnetosphere. Eyona okubulala leyo isuswe malunga 70 radii ingxilimbela. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zomoya, iliza singaba radii 100. Magnetopause nama-kumgama radii 50. Ngaphakathi amasuntswana yi lo mhlaba otsalayo yokubolekisana kunye umhlaba.

isifundo

Jupiter, emakhonkcweni apho esafunyanwa akunjalo kungekudala kwixesha elidlulileyo, izazinzulu banomdla kakhulu. Isathelayithi yokuqala, eyayithunyelwe ukuba bahlole umhlaba, baba "Pioneer 10". Hewana ezisibhozo inxaxheba ngeli xesha ekufundweni bakaRafa. Ngo-2011, yena Sanduluka eMhlabeni, "Juno," emva kokuba efikile kuloo ndawo ekupheleni kuka-2016 kufuneka esiza, izazinzulu ukusombulula intsinda-badala ezinye iimfihlelo ze planethi inkulu kwenkqubo elanga.

Ukufundisisa eminye imihlaba, iingcali banethemba ukufumana ubomi. Mhlawumbi ukuba unaloo nto. Nantoni na eya kubonisa ukuba akukho wedwa kwindalo iphela. Kodwa akubonakali umhlaba omkhulu kwinkqubo yethu kweenkwenkwezi kunokusifundisa wothuka. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ubomi Jupiter nzima ngenxa isiqulatho eliphantsi umphunga wamanzi nokwakhiwa komhlaba futhi ngeenxa zonke. Kwiminyaka engama-70 sele kuphakanyiswa malunga nemvelaphi kunokwenzeka yobomi kwi-atmosfere ephezulu, kodwa isiqinisekiso le waseMelika okunokwenzeka abuyi kufunyanwa. Amathuba ephantsi kakhulu ubukho ubomi yamanzi-carbon, kuba amafu siqulathe imali encinane amanzi.