Iindlela ukuhamba kwezilwanyana. Izinto zokwakha ukuba isifundo

Kuzo zonke iindidi zezilwanyana - ephakamileyo abangekaphuhli - ezininzi iintlobo lokusetyenziswa ezahlukeneyo ngamnye kwezinye iindlela intshukumo (ngamanye amaxesha yokuqala kakhulu) amanzi, phantsi kwamanzi, umoya phezu imiphezulu. intshukumo Methods Animal zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi: ukuyilwa kwinkqubo yendaleko, ubukho okanye kungekho skeleton, kunye nezinye iimpawu noshowo lweentlobo ezithile olulodwa.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo

Ukukwazi ukuhambisa - enye iimpawu zezinto eziphilayo, naboluphi na udidi okanye sithetha mhlawumbi emilibeni phakathi izazinzulu. Nkqu izityalo athwale izithuthi ngaphakathi kwinqanaba zeselula. Kunye nezilwanyana, ngokungafaniyo izityalo, badla ukususa umzimba uphela, ngaloo ndlela ekusukeleni iinjongo ezahlukeneyo: ukudla, ukuzala, ukukhuselwa ezintshabeni. Ngenxa yokuba intshukumo - oku kanye ubomi endalo kunye, ngakumbi, izilwanyana zayo.

Iindlela ukuhamba kwezilwanyana. ngezigaba

Bonke bephela zahlulwe ngokohlobo ngokwamaqela eziliqela amakhulu.

1. Amoeboid. Igama livela kwigama amoeba. Le protozoan akusiso esisigxina, umzimba wayo libunjwa kwiseli enye kwaye uyakwazi ukutshintsha rhoqo imilo. Body kwakhiwa Amahlathi abayinqobo ekuthiwa pseudopods (pseudopods). Ngenxa kule fowuni nje ukukwazi ukuhamba. Phantsi neemicroscope, womelele ngokwaneleyo, ungabona njengoko liphuma kwi outgrowths mfutshane phezu kwamagqabi yaze yaqengqelekela, ekusebenziseni inkqubo intshukumo.
2. Lovukelo. Ezinye ezilula (umzekelo, gregarines) lihamba ngendlela, kakhulu egxininisa ekupheleni yencindi yenkomo, nto leyo eliqhubela isilwanyana phambili.
3. Kukho kwakhona zilula, leyo abhabhe ungenzi nasiphi eliphakathi (umz, amanzi). Ziziphi iindlela intshukumo izilwanyana olunye-ezineseli? Ahluke ukungafani umona.
4. Ngoncedo lwe misila kunye isiliya. iindlela ezifana nayo intshukumo zezilwanyana uphawu lenyama. Izixhobo zokuphumeza iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo: lihlangana, jinga, ejikelezayo. Ngezi Ngeentshukumo esilwanyana ngokwawo, kunye uhamba (umz, euglena), ukwenza indlela helical. Ngokutsho zesayensi Norwegian, ezinye flagellates ezihlala elwandle, ibe ajikeleziswe malunga axis ngesantya esiphezulu: 10 neziphithiphithi ngomzuzwana!
5. Ngoncedo lwe izihlunu. Ezi iindlela ukuhamba kwezilwanyana eziqhelekileyo iintlobo ezininzi ube isakhiwo kwezihlunu okanye ngokufana. Ngoncedo izihlunu asli zonke ezanyisayo, apho umntu akhoyo.

kwemvelo

Xa ngendaleko kwezilwanyana evela izakhiwo zilula single-ezineseli kunye eziphilayo ukuba multicellular ophezulu, kunye namaziko ahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi ekhulisa nezilwanyana uhambisa ngayo. Kwizigidi zeminyaka, sazivelela i iinkqubo basafunda ophambili ezivumela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ukuze afumane ukutya, hlukana utshaba, ukuzikhusela ngokwabo sizale. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba nje ezimbalwa izilwanyana eyaziwa baphathe ukuphila umzimba. Uninzi ehamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Ngoncedo izihlunu

Multicellular kwezilo uphawu ukuphunyezwa intshukumo encediswa izihlunu, ezo ezenziwa izihlunu eyodwa ebizwa ngokuba kwezihlunu. Le Isakhiwo Upohawu sincipha. Ukunciphisa, oluqhutywa izihlunu zokuxhathisa, ezo zizinto amathambo zezilwanyana. Kwaye ivumela yokukhangela.

Ngubani ngokuthi kakhulu

Ngoko ke, ngoncedo zihlunu izakhiwo imigca kunye iinkumba bahamba ngaphezu indawo. Imisundululu, usebenzisa intshukumo kwezihlunu cavernous, ebambelele ezifumaneka bomhlaba olungalinganiyo. Ezi rhorho kuphela zisetyenziswa iikomityi sokufunxa kunye inyoka - kukubola kwakunye noboya. izilwanyana ezininzi, ukukhulisa umzimba ngaphezu komhlaba, ihamba ngoncedo kweqondo, ngaloo ndlela kakhulu kunciphisa ivuse. Ngenxa yoko, ukwanda kunye isantya yeentshukumo (yezilwanyana ngokukhawuleza kwi planethi - leengwenkala, leyo liphuhlisa ngesantya phezu 110 km). Ezinye izilwanyana ukutsiba (nokuba namanzi). Amanye amacebo emoyeni okanye okweempukane. Abanye ngena okanye qubha emanzini okanye ezinzulwini. Kodwa yonke wasebenzisa amandla kwezihlunu.

ngeendlela ezingaqhelekanga yintshukumo izilwanyana

• Amanzi Hydra ihamba ngoncedo lihamba kunye somersaults yokuqala. It flexes umzimba kunye nemisipha eziqhotyoshelwe kwamanzi, uze kuqinisa kuphela. A anemone ulwandle ihamba olucothayo kakhulu, ukunciphisa nangokukhulula izihlunu onyawo ngokwayo.
• Izilwanyana (squid, ngwane) bayakwazi intshukumo lovukelo. Bona besanya ulwelo ibe umngxuma ekhethekileyo umzimba wakhe, uyiphose ngamandla nge Nefaneli elimxinwa. Ngaloo ndlela ezihambayo umzimba kwicala elahlukileyo.
• Basilisk cikilishe ugijima phezu kwamanzi (2 iimitha yesibini ngalinye). Phezu kwamanzi ukuba kubanjwe amaqamza phantsi esikalini ezihamba ngamathupha azo.
• Gecko ubaleka owayame eludongeni nkqo ye kwiglasi ngesantya kwimitha 1 ngomzuzwana ngaphandle koku-. Oku kungenxa iindebe sokufunxa okhethekileyo imilenze untulo.
• Paradise Zazihonjiswe iinyoka ezihlala Asia, undize emoyeni ukusuka isihlahla siye ngokusebenzisa flattening lomzimba, nto leyo iguqulelwa ngelo xesha ibe uhlobo esosini ezibhabhayo.

iziphumo

iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwezindululo ziqhelekile zonke izilwanyana ezikhona iplanethi yethu. Le nkqubo ngokwawo yenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngalinye eziphilayo yimidlalo iimpawu ezithile kuwo, iintlobo zeentshukumo.

Le eziphathekayo zingasetyenziswa isifundo 'Iindlela intshukumo kwezilwanyana. 5 eklasini. "