Oyidlayo Form

Eyona engundoqo iimpawu pathogen umkhuhlane kunye neendlela zokuzazisa.

Iarhente causative of influenza enxulumene usapho orthomyxovirus, labonakala okokuqala ngo-1933 olwenziwe ngabenzi bophando British WS Smith, SN Andrewes, PP Laidlaw ngu intranasal ferrets amhlophe izinto ekucingeni ezifunyenwe izigulane influenza.

Ngowe-1940, T. Fransis kunye T. P. Maqill ngokuzimeleyo ezichongiweyo umkhuhlane yintsholongwane, nto leyo eziliqela ngokobugcisa ezahlukeneyo ukusuka ezinikele ngo-1933, yaye ngowe-1947 R. M. Taylor wafumana arhente haemagglutinating - "ubunzima 1233 ", kwachongwa intsholongwane yomkhuhlane, kodwa eyahlukileyo ukusuka iintsholongwane ngo-1933 no-1940. Ezi iintsholongwane eziye zachongwa yi- Latin be-alfabhethi: A, B, C kunye nganye ofundele i serotype elizimeleyo.

Le orthomyxovirus ntsapho iye iintsholongwane umkhuhlane kuphela luphawulwa phambi lwangaphandle kunye nesiqulatho RNA ngendlela nucleocapsid ukulenza. I engaphandle viral Imvulophu glycoprotein iqulathe lwesakhiwo (hemagglutinin - H neyraminidazy- kunye N), ebangela iimpawu ezosulelayo kunye antigenic le ntsholongwane. Gene legciwane influenza yakhiwe uziziqwempu-8 ka-ndixakene olunye, ubukhulu be ribonucleoprotein ungqukuva yangaphakathi (RNP) kwi-NM kuluhlu 9. iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo A, B, C RNP iantigens, nto leyo ayiwelanga umgca inter-uhlobo ngayo.

Ngoku kuyaqondakala ukuba usapho orthomyxovirus siquka kwisizukulwana ezimbini: yintsholongwane yomkhuhlane, eziquka iintsholongwane A no-B, yaye imiqathango komkhuhlane virus (S. Ya Gaydamovich, 1982.).

A intsholongwane simelwe serotypes eziliqela ezahlukeneyo antigenic, ezahluke ukwakheka hemagglutinin kunye neuraminidase. Le ntsholongwane yosulela zombini abantu kunye nezilwanyana. Ngokutsho yokuhlela omtsha (1980) A hemagglutinin virus iindidi amanani banikwa: 1 ukuya AND kunye neuraminidase ukusuka ku-1 ukuya 8. hemagglutinin 1, 2, 3, NA 1, 2 luphawulwa becala intsholongwane Umntu kunye nezinye iintlobo awakwazi kumphezulu ( H kunye N1) labonwa iintsholongwane ezosulela izilwanyana (amahashe, iihagu, iinkomo, iinkawu, izinja, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentaka).

Ngokwangoku, le inkcazelo influenza A iintsholongwane kubonisa ukuba uhlobo hemagglutinin kunye neuraminidase, namagama abo azisoloko kunxibelelana nokuhlelwa 1971 Table. 1 kubonisa entsha izihionipho hemagglutinin kunye neuraminidase influenza ntsholongwane wabanjwa 1980, xa kuthelekiswa ne efanayo. haemagglutinin Human KODWA, hemagglutinin H1 kunye nehagu NSw1 ezidityanisiweyo hemagglutinin H1, hemagglutinin kunye NT amahashe hemagglutinin oluntu kunye neenkukhu (hav Neq 2 no 7) -ukuba hemagglutinin NC. AA Smorodintsev et al (1981) kucingwa mthethweni ukudibanisa glycoproteins oluntu kunye yezilwanyana serotype mnye.

Enye ummeli uhlobo zentsholongwane Umkhuhlane yintsholongwane, esemayo de 1979 kwi serotypes eyahlukileyo uhlobo B kwi intsholongwane apho. Kukho ezahlukeneyo antigenic ngaphakathi serotype.

Rhode umkhuhlane virus G imele virus C intsholongwane kuzenza ubuncinane bafunda kuzo zonke orthomyxovirus usapho. WHO Ingcaphephe Group (W. Dowdle, F. Davenport, N. Fukum, 1975) kufakwe le ntsholongwane njenge "ugqatso conditioner" kule ntsapho. A phawu uphawu intsholongwane ebusweni glycoprotein kwi iqokobhe engaphandle. Njengenxalenye yale ntsholongwane hayi neuraminidase enzyme, nangona kukho transcriptase retseptororazrushayuschy (RRE), ngokupheleleyo Otley-aspirants ukusuka eyaziwa neuraminidase wentsholongwane egazini. Intsholongwane iba amandla elisezantsi lithathelwe phuphu iiseli umbungu kunye neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo cell. Umbungu amnion ilahlekelwe okhula ngayo kubushushu-33 ° C iintsuku 3-4 of bafukanywe, iiseli ezibomvu egazini musa agglutinate Guinea yehagu, kakuhle adsorbed phezu chicken erythrocyte. Ukuze uphephe elution ngokukhawuleza intsholongwane kunye umphezulu erythrocyte, oko kuyimfuneko iimvavanyo ze-serological hemagglutination ebekwe kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi.

Ukuba A and B iintsholongwane luphawulwa Isakhiwo utshintsho antigenic le kwegazi vivo, kuba ukutshintshwa ntsholongwane antigenic okwangoku iphawulwe. Ukunikezela ngo-1947, 1974, 1977. amagciwane efanayo.

ifomu umthamo okhethwe ngokuchanekileyo (lekform) kuya kukunceda ukuba bamelane iintlobo zomkhuhlane kwamagciwane. Ifomu ekhethiweyo idosi kuya kukunceda kuphela xa kokuba ikhethwe ugqirha, hayi owakho.