Epiphysis - ntoni na? Ubume kunye nomsebenzi le ndlala pineal

Lidla yezonyango mihla, yaye iincwadi lwezenzululwazi, usenokudibana elithi "ndlala pineal". Yintoni na? Ntoni olu donga? Zintoni iimpawu? Le miba umdla kubantu abaninzi, ingakumbi ngenxa yokuba umzimba unxulunyaniswa eminye imibono esoteric.

Epiphysis - ntoni na?

Enyanisweni, emzimbeni womntu kukho izakhiwo ezimbini kubhekiselelwe kuwo ngale kota. Ndiqinisekile abaninzi nikuvile epiphysis ithambo, nto leyo icandelo ekupheleni le amathambo tubular.

Kodwa ingqondo yomntu nayo ine epiphysis. Yintoni na? Esi sakhiwo encinane, nto leyo edla athethwa kwentamo kwinkqubo yonyango. Hi ndlela leyi, kukho ezinye amagama lesi sitho, ezifana esinobubovu pineal kwaye ingaba pineal. ndlala pineal zobuchopho iyinxalenye yenkqubo fotoendokrinnoy ebizwa njalo-, yaye, nangona ubukhulu njengesingabalulekanga kangako, indima yayo ngenxa eqhelekileyo yokusebenza umzimba nje enkulu.

Epiphysis wethambo kwaye umsebenzi wayo

Bone epiphysis yi kummango elide wethambo tubular. Esi sahluko umphezulu articular enza kunye amathambo okufuphi.

Kweli sebe ijwabu ithambo na isakhiwo nomsi-. Umphezulu igutyungelwe intlala articular, epiphysis, kwaye phantsi isicwili intlala na ekuthiwa-ipleyiti subchondral equka nobuninzi ngcanjana kunye kwalapho.

Ngaphakathi epiphysis bone izele umongo wethambo. Esi sakhiwo kubalulekile ukuba eqhelekileyo yokusebenza umzimba womntu, ekubeni apha ukuba ukuyilwa kunye ekukhuleni iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Le epiphysis (pineal) kunye nendawo yayo

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ingaba pineal - a zakutshanje esifunyenweyo ubuncinane bafunda kobuchopho bomntu. Kakade ke, abaninzi ezifunyaniswe ezicacisa indlela kwesi sakhiwo eyenziweyo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Hi ndlela leyi, lo mzimba nezingathi zincinci na isuntswana kufana cone pine, kuba yena, enyanisweni, ngokuba le ndlala pineal.

Rasplozhen sakhiwo kufutshane nombindi ingqondo, phakathi zifaka ezimbini mezhtalamicheskogo umthungo. Kwakhona incamathele zombini thalami ise-diencephalon.

isakhiwo cell

ndlala Pineal - ilungu elincinane, zipeyintwe zizimvi obomvu. Ngaphandle kokuba isale philisi yethishyu ashinyeneyo nokuqina. Philisi yenza ekuthiwa trabeculae, leyo ukugqobhoza kungena esinobubovu ulwahlule ibe ngamacetyana amancinci. Nantso into ingaba pineal zabantu - ukwakheka kuthathwa ngobulungisa ezilula.

Inxalenye engaphakathi ubunjwe parenchyma nobubovu nezinto zeethishu nokuqina. Iziqalelo zezakhiwo ephambili epiphysis na pinealocytes - iiseli parenchymal polygonal. Ngaphandle kwabo, yafunyanwa; kunye iintlobo ezine iiseli - luvo ke ingaba pineal, endocrinocytes Embi kwakhona isakhiwo neuron peptidergic kunye ziiphagocytes perivascular.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba, ekuqalekeni ubomi bomntu le ingaba pineal ikhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa emhlabeni ngexesha lokufikisa, ukukhula nobubovu pineal ngcembe siyaphela. Ngaphezulu, njengokuba bekhula kwaye ekugugeni umzimba womntu kukho involution ye endlaleni.

nemisebenzi esisiseko

Kakade ke, umsebenzi esinobubovu pineal akukaqondwa kakuhle. Sekunjalo, kwakusazeka ukuba engundoqo pineal hormone melatonin inoxanduva ukuyilwa ekuthiwa-izingqisho lomzimba (nokulala kunye uphaphama). Le hormone linoxanduva hayi kuphela nezihlandlo bubuthongo, kodwa inceda umzimba ukuqhelana jet lag. Yaye lisebenza libe antioxidant kwaye retards inkqubo ukwaluphala.

Kakade ke, le ndlala pineal uvelisa iihomoni kunye nezinye izinto ezithile. Umzekelo, intsimbi yabela adrenoglomerulotropin ekhuthaza iinkqubo njini aldosterone. Ukongeza, le ndlala pineal yenza neminye imisebenzi emininzi kwaye ebalulekileyo. Umzekelo, oku abangaphangeliyo ukukhululwa hormone ukukhula kunye nophuhliso ngokwesondo, kuthintela ukusekwa kunye nokukhula yamathumba, komeleza inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Ekukholelwa ukuba iihomoni ndlala pineal kwezinye elithile ukulawula ukusebenza kwenkqubo hypothalamic-yebhinqa, ngaloo ndlela zichaphazela kakhulu intsebenziswano yazo zonke amadlala ezidalwe yomzimba.

ummiselo ukusebenza

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iimpawu esinobubovu pineal kunye ummiselo nanamhlanje ayikaqondwa. Uphando uthiywa ubungakanani elincinane endlaleni kwaye nendawo. Noko ke, kukho ubungqina le ndlala pineal ilawulwa kuphela kwalapho, kodwa iso ukukhanya.

Kakade ke, ukukhanya na ukungena ngqo umzimba pineal. Kunjalo ziluhlaza ukubacaphukisa iiseli ganglion athile retina. Ngenxa yoko, a mnqweno luvo luyasuka ukuba suprahiazmalnomu ngumongo le ngxenye, apho isiqalo paraventricular sibhekiswe ngokusebenzisa inxalenye ephezulu ngentambo thoracic umnqonqo. Ngenxa yoko excitation luyasuka ukuya epiphysis ephezulu ngokusebenzisa ganglion wesibeleko. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba isantya evela suprahiazmalnom ezingundoqo, oko ukukhuthaza, kodwa uthiya umsebenzi ingaba pineal. Ngenxa yoko, xa ekukhanyeni melatonin secretion sinciphile kwaye ebumnyameni (ebusuku) - liphume. Njengoko ngokuba ukukhuthazwa nobubovu pineal, lo neurotransmitter kule meko isebenza norepinephrine.

Izifo le ndlala pineal

Kakade ke, ezinye izifo zingachaphazela, kwaye kule ndawo ebuchotsheni. Ngokomzekelo, ngokufuthi ngexesha uhlolo neoplasms ezahlukeneyo ibonakele kwisakhiwo ekuthiwa epiphysis. Yintoni na? Ewe, maxa wambi kwi ancedisana pineal ndlala kwenzeka iinguqu elinobuhlungu of iiseli. Waphawula ukubonakala ithumba ingozi okanye cyst.

Ekubeni ndlala pineal kuba indlala of secretion lwangaphakathi, ngoko, ngokwendalo, benza amadlala ingachaphazela ukusebenza yonke le nkqubo yonyango. Kaloku cyst encinane ingaba pineal kungabangela ukusilela kwamadlala kakhulu kunye nophuhliso nesifo ekuthiwa makrogenitosomiya. sifo sikhatshwa utshintsho kwinqanaba iihomoni ezithile, nto leyo ekhokelela ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwesondo nophuhliso kwesikhumba (ukubonakala sexesheni besebancinane, njl njl). Amaninzi ngexesha elinye kukho ukukhubazeka engqondweni.

Epiphysis in esotericism lwangoku

Oku ezisitheleyo azisithelisiwe esidityaniswe ubunzima pineal ndlala zamaqhawe eyimfihlakalo kunye neengcamango esoteric. Into yokuba umzimba uyaziwa zizelwe, nefihlakeleyo nzulu nezakhiwo ebuchotsheni, nto leyo eyabangela ezinye izazinzulu kunye zobulumko ukuba ingcamango kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ingaba pineal. Umzekelo, Rene Dekart umsebenzi wakhe ngokuba ingaba pineal "isihlalo komphefumlo." Eneneni, kungenxa yobu isakhiwo eminyaka kunye eminyaka waqonda ukuba uhlobo ichibi na umphefumlo womntu.

Kukho kwakhona iinkolelo yamandulo okungakumbi 'iliso yesithathu "limangalisa, evumela umntu ukubona ezingabonakaliyo kwaye linoxanduva ezahlukeneyo ubuchule izangoma. Umzekelo, kwi imfundiso ngenkulungwane ye-19 ebekwe phambili ukuba iliso twisiseka wesithathu okunene ikhona. Kodwa ukuba kwezinye izilwanyana oko kubekwe phezu komhlaba emzimbeni (umzekelo, ezinye cyclostomes epiphysis uza ngokwenene komhlaba kunye nezenzo nje photosensor), ngoko ke iliso ebantwini "ngokufihla 'ngaphakathi ukakayi.