Okuyi Zero: oko. Apho abafundi abaphumelela zero okuyi?

Zilungelelanise indawo yayo nayiphi na into phezu Umhlaba nga kumiselwa ukwazi parameters yesibanzi nezide amanqaku. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni na ubuqili kwexabiso nganye kuzo.

Ukuba bahlole uququzelelo

Nayiphi imephu geographical mihla yenza kube lula ukufumana uququzelelo nasiphi na isixeko, intaba okanye echibini. Sidinga ukuba sazi amanani nobude.

Kunye lokuqala icacile: ichaziwe ngokuphathelele ikhweyitha - komgca wentelekelelo ukuba ubaleka kwindawo apho axis koMhlaba aa-moya wahlula umbindi iplanethi yethu. Yeyona isakhelo ekuqaleni, ukuba uhlobo "zero" ngenxa ekufumaneni inkululeko, amalungiselelo enxuseneyo. I-ikhweyitha esisebenzisayo nge kumazwe aliqela - DRC, Kenya, Uganda kunye Somalia e Afrika, Indonesia, akhiwe kwi Sunda Islands, Ecuador, Brazil, Colombia e Umzantsi Melika. Ikhweyitha sinika umbono ocacileyo ububanzi.

Enye into - ubude. Ukuze ixesha elide kwakungekho Asikavumelani oko ukuthatha njengesiseko ekujongwa uququzelelo. Longitude - kwinkcazelo yobume kumphezulu point komhlaba ngokunxulumene kwinqanaba zero, leyo iyemka i esiqu. Kwakhona imigca ecingelwayo lula ukusebenza kunye neemephu. I-engile ephakathi ngamnye kubo kunye incopho yothelekiso yi owehlayo. Okuyi Zero - isiseko uququzelelo reference.

definition Problem yobude

Ukuba ikhweyitha yonke kucaca ukuba lo "zero okuyi", wayengekho asenokungacaci kwangoku. Iminyaka emininzi kumazwe ahlukeneyo zisebenzisa "zero". Kakade ke, lo udale lihlazo.

Wonke lizwe yesayensi self-ngokuphathelele ngenkulungwane XIX, uye wafumana i-Observatory ukuba bagcine imizimba yasezulwini. Yaba ingongoma reference entshonalanga. Ngo-Russia, i-US, iBritani France waba kwizikhundla zokuqala esiqu zabo.

Longitude kubaluleke kakhulu navigation zaselwandle. Kwaye elide ngaphambi ukuyilwa iinkqubo ezicacileyo reference lwezenzululwazi apho, ezinye iindlela ukuba livunyelwe ukuba ulahlekile elwandle. Le ukhetho lokuqala wanikela Iogann Verner. Umongo - nokwakhelwa iNyanga. Enye indlela fanele ukuba ubungqondi UGalileo Galilei. Ngoncedo ezinjengeetelescope ebukela indawo of nasekuthwaseni Jupiter kaThixo. Engxakini kule ndlela - imfuneko izixhobo zingabi lula.

Le ndlela lula - inkcazelo ngokusebenzisa iiyantlukwano zasekuhlaleni kunye ngqo ixesha reference point - wabhala Friziusa Gema. Kodwa wotshi oluchanileyo, kakhulu, bebengekho onke.

Okuyi Zero iye yaba uhlobo Grail oyiNgcwele - kuba ukuzimisela ngqo yeside eBritani wada wanikela premium enkulu. Ke ingxaki wayila lwewotshi echanekileyo. Yintoni ohlukanisa, ngoko nje abazi.

Le wotshi ndingaba yasungulwa. Award ngenxa wabo Dzhon ikampu. Kodwa yokukhangela waqhubeka ukusebenzisa iindlela endala. Zaguquka yaba wayila kanomathotholo. oomatiloshe Modern ukusebenzisa data yesatellite nasentshonalanga.

sisebenzisane ngokuthembeka

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, ilizwe ngalinye, nawo aye Observatory, wenza ekuqaleni kwalo Longitude. Ngokusebenzisa i-Paris Observatory uqhuba ithe cwaka eponymous. Lwaba ngundaba kwinkulungwane XIX.

ERashiya, ithe cwaka kwiqanda enxibe igama Pulkovo. Igama wamkela isikhungo, ibekwe kufuphi St Petersburg. Oku kusetyenziswa ikakhulu eRashiya. Oku "zero" amaza idlula Mogilev, ummandla Kiev, Lake eTanganyika e-Afrika, iiphiramidi laseYiputa. Ngelo langoku nqanaba ayisetyenziselwanga.

Popular Ferro okuyi ecanda isiqithi Canarian kwegama elifanayo. It sasetyenziswa kuqala nguPtolemy.

Ukususela ngenkulungwane XIX eNgilani na ithe cwaka Greenwich. Yena limelana njenge "zero" ngenxa owehlayo reference kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.

Greenwich zero okuyi - komgca wentelekelelo ecanda eLondon. Ukusuka Pulkovo waba umahluko degrees 30, kunye Paris - 2.

inkomfa okuyi

Ngowe-1884, ngomhla zokusonjululwa nokulungelelanisa inkqubo reference in Washington waqokelela zejografi Mbasa nabezopolitiko. inkomfa okuyi International bezisa kunye nabameli abasuka eRashiya, Austria-Hungary, eJamani, Great Britain, France, Denmark, Chile, Venezuela, eJapan, eSwitzerland, uBukhosi Ottoman kunye namanye amazwe amaninzi. Total waya abameli 41.

Ukongezelela ekumiseleni nasentshonalanga, abathathi-nxaxheba baye banomdla kuphuhliso kwenkqubo ixesha-accounting. Yintoni ingxaki? Kwaye ukuba, akazange khona de ngenkulungwane XIX a, ixesha elinye enobunye. Bonke wayekuthanda iiyunithi zasekuhlaleni. Oku kwabangela ukudideka. Ukungabikho kwemigangatho unqandwe urhwebo phakathi kwamazwe kunye namanqanaba ahlukeneyo lophuhliso yenzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko. Kwakukho iingxaki kunye nezithuthi.

kufuneka uqale Apho owehlayo countdown

Kuzo zonke iindawo yokuqala ekhoyo kufuneka ukhethe enye. Izigqibo zenziwa ngokuvota evulekileyo, apho yazinyaswa ngabo bonke abathunywa abakhoyo.

Kule nkomfa, ukuba isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi into kufuneka ekuqaleni reference entshonalanga. Okuyi Zero, ngokutsho amacebiso iindwendwe, odlula eParis, i Azores kunye elikwiiCanary Islands, ukukhumbula Strait, Greenwich. nangoko iziqithi ezilahlekileyo amazwi abo - akubangakho kwinqanaba efanelekileyo inkxaso zenzululwazi. Paris, nathi, abazange bayifumane iivoti. Ferro, nangona ethandwayo, naye ukucekisile. London iphumelele ithe cwaka inkulumbuso, wala France kuphela.

A elincinane ixesha

I wokuqala ukuthetha imfuneko ukudibanisa imilinganiselo xesha, waba uMnu Sandford Fleming, injineli elula waseKhanada. Akuba ephumile bumdaka ngexesha kwakhe emva kwexesha uloliwe kwaye ndiphoswe intlanganiso ebalulekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukususela ngowe-1876, Fleming wafuna iinguqulelo.

Le mba Kwagqitywa kwiNkomfa eWashington. izowuni yexesha iye yasekwa, esetyenziswa kude kube ngoku. Innovations asamkelanga bonke. Umzekelo, iRashiya ujoyine umgangatho kuphela ngo-1919. Germany, France kunye Austria-iHungary nayo zihlangene kamva.

Le incopho yothelekiso yi ithe cwaka zero. Oceans, Ezilwandle nasemanzini, umhlaba ugqitha oku komgca wentelekelelo. Imida kwimimandla ezi esiqu-24. Kodwa asingabo bonke ilandela le candelo. Izizathu zoku - ubukhulu amazwe. Le wotshi kakhulu echanileyo ehlabathini nazo e Greenwich. Hi ndlela leyi, inkqubo GPS ibonisa imvelaphi yeside alukho isikhungo, kwaye 100 metres kuyo.

Greenwich Observatory

Center for Research Astronomical kwi-UK kunye nobude imvelaphi - Observatory e Greenwich. Le ndawo sele ubutyebi bembali. Oku kusekelwe kwinkulungwane XVII ngenxa yemigudu uKumkani uCharles II. Ngaphambi kwalo, Observatory yatshintsha indawo yayo. Ingcamango ekudaleni ziko asisiso kukumkani kunye laseburhulumenteni Jonas Moore. Wamcenga ukumkani ukubaluleka Observatory, kwaye ngeenkwenkwezi oyintloko Dzhona Flemstida wacebisa ekwenzeni. Kungekudala isakhiwo sayilwa kwaye yakhiwa, isabelo yengonyama ngayo uxhaso emagxeni Moore kaThixo.

Kukho saseka echanileyo clock kunye nexesha reference. Njengoko yaziwa, udlula isikhungo ekuqaleni reference entshonalanga. Kwinqanaba lasekuhlaleni, i-Greenwich Meridian waqalisa ukusebenzisa emva 1851, yaye sivunyiwe kule nkomfa odumileyo ngo-1884.

Observatory abefudula elubhuqa ukuqhushumba! Ngelo xesha, 1894, yaye wohlukile, ityala okokuqala kwimbali eBritani.

Ngelo xesha Observatory langoku iyaqhubeka ukusebenza. Kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zophando ngeenkwenkwezi. Enyanisweni, kuba imyuziyam, apho izindlu imiboniso ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Zibonisa imbali inzululwazi nobugcisa, ingakumbi kwinkalo yokubala ixesha. Ukwakha lwaqhutywa kutshanje udale iziko, neegalari ezo.

isiphelo

okuyi Prime - Longitude indawo kunye nexesha. Kodwa igama ingasetyenziswa kwezinye iindawo. Ngoko ke, ngo-2006 eRashiya waba iqela ethandwayo "Prime Meridian". "Ngaba amazwi am" - le ngoma edume eli qela.

Countdown ngama iminyaka emininzi ukuba lwenziwa yi Greenwich. Suka ukusuka kumgca zero okuyi, nto leyo ichaza uququzelelo kuzo zonke iindawo ehlabathini. It owavula wonke yasempuma kunye ikhweyitha yasentshona. Zero okuyi idlula Algeria, Ghana, Mali, Spain, Great Britain, France. Ngenxa yoko, la mazwe zifumaneka omabini zifaka ngexesha elifanayo.