Obubangela cuke: umyalelo, umzobo, iinkcukacha, abenzi, ukuqinisekiswa

Uphando umzimba wenyama ngokusebenzisa ngamaza cuke baqalisa ukuphumeza ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela. Isixhobo sokulinganisa ubizwa ngokuba "isiphako cuke." Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba indlela lokufumanisa Badinga kuthandwa ngokubanzi phakathi iinjineli kunye nabantu ababandakanyekayo kuphando.

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga umatshini

Ultrasound lingena ngokusebenzisa kunokudala kwezinto eziqinileyo, kwaye nokuba ukulungisa ubukho nditshaye zincinane ibekwe ngaphakathi kwento. Isixhobo ivumela ukuba linjani na isiphene 7-50 mm kunye ukuchana ± 1 mm.

detectors obubangela cuke kufuneka kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo uvakalelo. Loo salathisi ugqibe iziphene ubungakanani omncinane. Umda nokusetyenziswa kweeyunithi libanzi kakhulu. Umzekelo, imveliso zesinyithi.

isixhobo enobuchule interface ibonelela ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo nangendlela efanayo kwisixhobo. Le fowuni isebenzisa ngqo, ngokwenza lula ukufumana iziphumo-kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwaye ukubona ubukho iziphene.

Iindawo ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo

Ubhaqo ukushiyeka ngokusekelwe ultrasound linokusetyenziswa phantse nasiphi na isakhiwo izinto lokufumana ubukho neentanda efihliweyo, pores, zeBlack kunye nezinye izifo.

Le ndawo ziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Welds. Le isicelo iphambili le yunithi.
• izinyithi Primary ibhulorho imiqadi, nemivalo, iintonga, iityhubhu workpieces.
• Infrastructure. Walutshixa ngendibaniso, Imizila koololiwe ngesakhiwo yesinyithi.
• imboni Petrochemical. Ukukhangela amadama imibhobho, izakhiwo umthwalo yawo.
• ukusebenza Ulawulo kweevili imigodi kuqeqeshwe iimoto, izixhobo ebikhona moya, Motors ukunqunyanyiswa, ezinegalelo nendwe, drive emigodini, amatanki kunye neempahla phantsi koxinzelelo.
• kummandla kwimveliso. ezivuzayo Bashiya welding, amalungu soldered, iimveliso ezenziwe eyahlulayo, ukulawula naselunyamezelweni izixhobo ezijongeneyo.
• Ukukhangela izinto iindawo moya, injini zomoya, iinjini.

iphutha Application aphesheya

Kushishino, detectors obubangela cuke ziye zasetyenziswa imi--50. Ngoko ke kuthotho lokuqala izixhobo ityhubhu sele yenziwe. Ukususela ngelo xesha, iye efunde amava ebanzi kwisicelo uhlobo lokuhlola cuke.

Kumazwe aseYurophu, kuhlolwa uthathe isigqibo esomeleleyo. Okubangela enye kwisithathu ngumthamo opheleleyo lokukuvelela imveliso. Kuyaqapheleka ukuba, nangona lo matshini zabasebenzi, le ndlela unikwa ingqalelo kakhulu.

Oku kubangelwa kukuba isixa esikhulu yomsebenzi owenziwe kwiindawo ezifana izityalo enyukliya amandla, imibhobho kunye iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, izakhiwo zesinyithi, izithuthi, kunye nabanye. A isici esasenza zonke ezi zakhiwo azifani labo, nto leyo nzima ukusetyenziswa matshini.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kushishino lwasekhaya

Xa ulawulo ultrasound imboni yasekhaya usesikhundleni phambili. Oku kungqinwa inani iingcali abo benza umsebenzi ofanayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukususela ngo-1994 ukuya ku-2000, njengoko phambene Certification Centre, oko kuvavanywa ngo-1475 radiographers. 38% baye kwiingcali yi indlela cuke. Lisahlulayo kukuba kukho inani olungathethekiyo abasebenzi isekelwe phezu kolawulo beentanda welding.

Umgaqo unit operation

cuke umsebenzi ukushiyeka tshin isekelwe radiation idaleka. Kubonakalise amaza omsindo zibhalwe ze uvumele ukufumana iziphene. Mfutshane amaza erediyo iguqulwe B1-I3 amacwecwe piezoceramic. Bona ngokusebenzisa umaleko wezinto couplant kusiwa ngohlobo umqadi nolwalathiso ezinqamlezayo.

Intlokoma ultrasound kubonakala ukuthobela B1, esityeni B3 piezoceramic. EMF kusebenze kwenzeka, nto leyo iba utshintsho esomelela kwaye engena iphutha iswitshi.

Iindlela zokulawula Main

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zolawulo. Eyona eqhelekileyo, ukuba ukusebenza aphezulu, kuquka:

• indlela echo;
• indlela on isipili-isithunzi esekelwe;
• reception informal.

Ntoni na phakathi veve?

Yintoni cuke uphucule? Le nkqubo umelwe:

• ukubetha kwentliziyo generator ;
• siphawula iziphene;
• broadband yokukhulisa device;
• isixhobo ixesha ulungelelwaniso awo;
• Regulator ombane;
• ekuguquleni isixhobo.

unit Driving

imizobo oganogram izixhobo ezifana detectors obubangela cuke abe yokuntsonkotha eyaneleyo.

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo lesixhobo iqondakale lula ukuba ufunda ngenyameko kunye nesakhiwo sayo. Indlela ukusebenza nge sixhobo ibe isici tshin cuke, uqeqesho aya kukuthetha, ndikuxelele.

Iibhloko iphambili izixhobo isampula mihla zisebenza-siseko ilandelayo:

• Umenzi wenkunkuma yenza pulses bakubethe, yenza intlokoma zombane leyo ibangele amaza cuke kwifowni ukuguqulwa.
• Kubonakalise amaza ultrasound ukusuka isiphene ifunyanwa phindwe (okanye idayagram yesekethe zidityanisiwe enye eyahlukileyo) samaza. Imiyalezo senziwa similise pulses zombane ezinikwa igalelo lo mshini.
• Ukulungisa inzuzo ngexesha lulawulwa ngexesha ngokomgaqo-ethe-nkqubo (TCG) a.
• Ukwanda ku uphawu ixabiso olifunayo na igalelo umqadi sombane kunye alarm oluzenzekelayo Isalathisi isiphako (ASD).
• Icebo ukuvumelanisa kuqinisekisa ukusebenza oluchanekileyo lonke ixesha ngokulandelelana ezingundoqo isixhobo kwiindawo ngaxeshanye kuqalwa ubume wenkunkuma (okanye abanye bayalibala kwangaphambili). Kukhuthaza ukuqalisa timebase Isalathisi electron-msebe.
• Scan sikwazi ukwahlula izinto amaza vangama ixesha lokufika ezo abakwiindawo ezikude ezahlukeneyo ukusuka samaza. Synchronizer ikwanoxanduva lokulawula iibhloko TCG kunye SDA.
• Devices isixhobo sokulinganisa awo kunye ekufikeni ixesha ubume kubonakala eyimitha. Iskim ukufakwa kwemizamo yabo yenziwe kwiiyantlukwano ezahlukeneyo. Ukulinganisa isixhobo iinkqubo imiyalezo evela wokukhulisa kunye nexesha andise isixhobo ukuvumelanisa, kwaye ovelisa izikhombisi digital kuphawu electron-beam okanye ibhodi eyahlukileyo.

Uqwalaselo device

Icwangcisa obubangela tshin cuke iqala kunye nokufakelwa isizukulwana isitali isixhobo ukuguqulwa ombane. Ngelo xesha wenziwe kukhethwe i-R39 resistor. Emva koko wafumana oyifunayo uphindaphindo frequency (120-150 CMP / s), kukhethwe oluqhutywa resistor R2.

index awo ka 70-80 pulses / umzuzwana ke attained dynistor yokukhetha V1. Ke zithelekiswe capacitors C22 kunye C26, nto leyo utshintsho emisela umda kunye injini rotary resistors R30 ne R35 kunye multivibrator nokubambezeleka pulses monostable ubude bexesha (10-25 microseconds) kunye nemimandla ezilawulwa (7-45 microseconds).

Ukuhlola izixhobo

Ukungqinisiswa kwe detector obubangela cuke ezenziwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• Eyokuqala siyifumana ukufakwa isixhobo simulating ezizodwa idayagram yesekethe esikhupha uphawu uvavanyo. Icala elisezantsi kule fowuni na ukuphazamiseka busebenze isixhobo kunye nokungakwazi ukukhangela block umsindo.
• Iyaziwa, indlela olwenziwa yokulinganisa lwemiqondiso echo, imitha yabo indlela yoqwalaselo. Ngoko, emva kokuba ulwamkelo lukhangelwe kuphela isiphako phecana electroacoustic. Kukho zinto zibandakanyiwe esikhupha nokufumana iindawo unit isixhobo sombane ezifanayo probe kunye zombane neentambo odibanisa probe yunithi. Icala elisezantsi kuvavanyo loo ukusetyenziswa kuphela indlela obubangela ukuba zibe ngumtshangatshangiso oluqhubekayo amaza cuke kunye nemiqondiso imveliso ngokusekelwe ifuthe Doppler. Esi sisombululo alwamkelekanga ukuba kolawulo ezininzi imifuziselo mihla siyawazi emhlabeni wonke.
• Ukuqinisekiswa ikhutshwa phandle cuke isici tshin, kunye nezinye iindlela. Oku kusekelwe yokuba iyunithi ive imvelaphi inyuselwa khona kwisampulu ngokusebenzisa ulwelo isicwangciso ukuba uqhagamshelane umphezulu isampula. Oku kunika coupling ive phakathi kwe block isampula acoustics. Iyunithi ive okhupha amaza cuke kwisampulu. Kubonakala ukusuka engaphakathi Imiqondiso kugqame echo zifunyenwe kwaye ziyanyuswa kwisampulu. It is a ukhetho yethutyana, nto leyo kondliwa isixhobo isibonisi. On umgangatho weyunithi igwetywe kwinqanaba kwezalathisi alam. Ukuze kusetyenziswe le ndlela isebenza isixhobo yesinyithi okanye i iglasi ephilayo kunye reflectors zilahlwe ngaphakathi. izixhobo ezifanayo esetyenziswa bonke abenzi isiphako phambili ehlabathini lonke.

uhle Popular iphutha

Ukususela uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo, zibubunjani ophezulu, ukuze kuphawulwe, abenzi siphaku tshin cuke ezifana OmniScan, eziqaphelekayo, Sonic, Phasor. Kwaye phakathi Izixhobo zasekhaya, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo CA-2 lophawu, CA-3, "Ukunikela", izixhobo A1212 series. Bona zithembekile.

Domestic izixhobo Series UD kunganxulunyaniswa ukuya jikelele, njengoko nje babe uluhlu olubanzi lwemilinganiselo izakhono zobugcisa, kodwa kungenziwa eziqhutshwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwiimeko neenjongo ezithile. Umboniso ngeentlobo Isalathisi ukukhanya kunye nesandi lula ukusebenza kunye nefowuni.

abenzi Foreign kwezixhobo zovavanyo cuke bathela ezahlukeneyo izicwangciso bhetyebhetye. Bathi nemixawuka ubungakanani kancinane, encinane. Oku nje isiphako, isixhobo jikelele kuba umsebénzi zesiqhelo.

Umzekelo, isiseko izixhobo OmniScan ukuba etyebileyo lwemisebenzi zenza uluhlu ngokwezigaba. Oku kwenza kube lula ukwandisa izakhono zemilinganiselo ufumane umphumo echanileyo.

Wide naphaya ingxenye kufuneka kubangela ukudideka umthengi lowo. Emva iinkcukacha obubangela cuke ezahlukeneyo kunye isixhobo nganye zalo eziluncedo kwaye kakuhle xa ezisetyenziswa kwiimeko ezithile.

Universal cuke isici tshin, isixhobo kunye nemilinganiselo ezincinane, isixhobo ukusebenza kwi ezitsho ephantsi, ifowuni mayixhotyiswe istili olukhuselayo - kangaka zizityebi uluhlu sikwazi ukufumana isixhobo olufanelekileyo apho ukulawula iziqalelo ze izinto ezahlukeneyo.

Yintoni ukukhangela ukuba xa bethenga?

Xa uthenga isithuthi, ahlawule ingqalelo ezi zikhombisi zilandelayo:

• Ukuthwala kwefowuni. Isalathisi eliphezulu uyabukhanyisela ubunzima kwefowuni. Ukuba ifowuni Ngokomzi, ngoko ithintelwa elungileyo.
• Lula ukusetyenziswa. Izicwangciso ngaphantsi oluphambili, kungenza kube lula kakhulu ukuba ukusebenza kunye nefowuni.
• interface stroke. Oku kubaluleke gqitha, njengoko kusoloko kungekho uqeqesho Fikizolo ekhethekileyo kuyo nje ningaqondi. I-interface ngokwenene kufuneka icace ukuthintela naziphi na iingxaki xa uvula omnye okanye enye indlela.
• Ubukho kwikhadi iwaranti kunye nenkonzo. Yiba nenyameko ngabathengisi izixhobo kunye nabathengisi.
• Isixhobo kufuneka afaneleke transducer piezoelectric eziveliswa amazwe. Into efanayo kubalulekile xa uthenga izixhobo zasekhaya.
• Ubukho a ecacileyo, imiyalelo yokusebenza kakuhle zibekiwe.