Yintoni isixhobo inkqubo yekhompyutha ulwazi ebantwini? iprosesa computer

Kwiphakati ikhompyutha senziwa kulungiswa ulwazi elizifumeneyo? Njengokuba le nkqubo lwenzeka? Loluphi uhlobo device? Yintoni amathemba ayo?

Yintoni iprosesa computer?

Le isilawuli (wesekethe integrated) okanye iyunithi elektroniki, lokwenza imiyalelo umatshini (ukuba nje, ikhowudi inkqubo). Yena kwindawo engundoqo ye kwimpahla yentsimbi ye computer. Maxa wambi igama lakhe kongezelelwa isimaphambili "micro". Esi sisixhobo ezikhethekileyo zekhompyutha nokuhlawulwa ulwazi. Makhe zaydom imbali. Ekuqaleni, igama elithi "iyunithi yokusebenza" ichaza udidi eyodwa koomatshini logic eziye efunekayo ukuze yenze iinkqubo zekhompyutha. Ngokuthe ngcembe, kwakukho ukutshintshwa igama isixhobo kwi indima yawo. Ukuphunyezwa, izakhiwo kunye nokusebenza iziqhubekisi, ekubeni kwenzeka ngaphezu kanye zatshintsha. Kodwa ukusebenza ihlala ngokufanayo ngaphambili. Ekuvavanyeni isixhobo ngamnye kufuneka athathe ingqalelo yemida zilandelayo: ukusebenza, isantya iwotshi, amandla, izakhiwo, imigangatho inkqubo olulandelelanayo. Leyo yindlela isixhobo computer yenziwe processing ulwazi.

amathuba

Ikhompyutha njengesixhobo jikelele ulwazi processing qho iphuculwe. Iya isanda, ithi abaqhubekekisi mihla kungekudala ukufikelela imida yabo, ngoko ke yinxalenye izinto ziya kutshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Ukwahlula le iinketho:

1. computer eziphilayo. Le nkqubo computing, nto leyo eya kuzuza amathuba neemolekyuli (ngokwenkcazo - Organic). Basebenzisa ingcamango nokufezekisa ezinokwenzeka-athom kunye nelungiselelo lwabo esithubeni.
2. computer Optical. Kwezi electron kunye ukuze adlulisele iimpawu ukuba ziluhlaza isicelo.
3. computer Quantum. Ngethiyori, umsebenzi wabo ziya kusekelwa neziphumo quantum. Ngoku ayenziwa iinguqulelo abasebenza ezi esixhasiweyo. Danae nobuchwepheshe bolwazi computer processing ithathwa kakhulu ethembisayo.

Le nkolelo ke megahertz

A kancinane ngemigaqo yokujongwa ulwazi ngekhompyutha. kangaka kubasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo wafumana imvume yokuba iwotshi frequency aphezulu umqhubekekisi, obunamandla aqhayise. Enyanisweni, oku kuyinyaniso ngokupheleleyo. Eso ngoluvo zinokusetyenziswa kuphela kwabo iziqhubekisi bonke abanini lwemithombo enye microarchitecture.

Oko kwi Russian Federation?

Ngaba ngoku ukuqhayisa into? Kanye ngoku, amaziko ezininzi zophando kunye namashishini zamashishini yekhompyutha "Russian Electronics" ziqukaniswe kule nkampani ebambe. Yasungulwa ngo-1997. Ngelo xesha izilingo 33, yaye ngoku lwamashishini 123. Bona zibanga kuphuhliso kunye nemveliso woshishino zombane elektroniki, izixhobo kunye nezinto. Kwakhona uyakwazi ukwenza izixhobo semiconductor kunye neendlela zobugcisa zonxibelelwano. Ubukhulu becala ke ukwenza imveliso ethile, kodwa kukho amalinge ukufikelela ubunzima emarikeni (kodwa hhayi yimpumelelo kakhulu).

power of iziqhubekisi

Oku kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba zabo isithende Achilles '. Ngoko ke, lo iziqhubekisi yokuqala x86 osebenzisa amandla encinane kakhulu (xa kuthelekiswa iisampuli mihla), umthamo ongowona of a watt. Ngenxa inani elandayo transistors kunye iwotshi kwamaza, le parameter liye landa kakhulu. Ngoku uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana abameli, nto leyo Kuyimfuneko ukuba kulungiselelwe watts 130, yaye akukho mathandabuzo ukuba i "kwanezilo" sele ziphuhlisiwe-ofisi kuyilo abafuna nangakumbi. Ngaphambili, amandla ombane yayingabalulekanga. Kodwa ukususela ngoko, imigaqo yokujongwa ulwazi lutshintsho computer, landa izixhobo namandla. Ngoku ke CPU kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo yokuzivelela:

1. Kufuneka siphucule ubuchule yokuvelisa ukunciphisa amandla ukusetyenziswa kumqhubekekisi.
2. Kuyimfuneko ukuba bakhangele izinto ezintsha eziya kunciphisa imisinga ukuvuza.
3. Kufuneka ukuba sisebenzele kwi ngokuthotywa ombane ukuze amnike i core iprosesa.
4. Kwabonakala iziseko ukuba abe inani elikhulu labafowunelwa, inani mkhulu 1000. Baya ezifunekayo ukunika amandla kumqhubekekisi.
5. Tshintsha ubeko izixhobo. Ngoko ke, lo yikristale liye lathatha kwicala elingaphandle ngaphakathi ukuze kuququzelelwe inkqubo ukususwa ubushushu.
6. Kwakukho inkqubo elikrelekrele dynamically utshintshe ombane. Benokuba nempembelelo nezihlandlo umphakathi ngamnye kunye neeyunithi iprosesa ukukhubaza okwethutyana ukuba oku akusetyenziswa.
7. Le crystal ezihlangeneyo abenzi ubushushu, kunye neenkqubo ukunqanda nobushushu. Bona ukunciphisa rhoqo kumqhubekekisi, kwaye bangade bayeke oko, ukuba kukho abathile ewugqithile emgceni.
8. iindlela amandla okonga apho, ezo "elaliswa" iziqhubekisi phambi umthwalo eliphantsi.

isixhobo iprosesa computer inzima, namandla uphosa omnye mngeni kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Leyo ngazo kwaye ziza uthetha kanye ngoku.

lobushushu yokuyisebenzisa iprosesa

Olunye uphawu ebalulekileyo. Umele ixabiso lobushushu eliphezulu, apho ibe phezu kobuso chip semiconductor okanye kumqhubekekisi xa yokusebenza eqhelekileyo kunokwenzeka. Oku kuxhomekeke ngqo kwi umgangatho esinkini ubushushu kunye umthwalo. Xa lobushushu sidlula okunikezelwe, akukho siqinisekiso operation eqhelekileyo. Uninzi iziqhubekisi basebenza kakuhle, ukuba ungaphantsi kwama-85? C. Ukuba amaqondo obushushu ngakumbi, izizathu zeempazamo isoftware okanye computer akuxhome. Kwezinye iimeko utshintsho ayibuyiseki umva angenzeka kumqhubekekisi. imifuziselo zangoku zidla iliso nobushushu kwaye anciphise intsebenzo yabo. Leyo yindlela isixhobo computer yenziwe processing ulwazi.

Isizukulwana Ubushushu kunye nobushushu nokususwa iprosesa

Indlela ukunciphisa impembelelo engalunganga zesidanga kunye nemfundo enomsila? Kuba ukusasaza ubushushu kunye Iicooler esebenzayo zisetyenziswa radiators kwisixando sokwenziwa. Nganye kwezi ndlela zinezibonelelo zayo nezingalunganga.

Umlinganiselo kunye nobushushu mapping iprosesa

Yaye nantsi indlela isixhobo baya kwazi ukuba kufuneka kuyitshintsha le abalinganiswa bakhe? Xa iziko kwesigubungelo olubekwe isivamvo ekhethekileyo ubushushu, apho inokufana diode thermal, a thermistor okanye transistor kunye nomqokeleli kunye nesiseko ivaliwe.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, yintoni ifowuni isetyenziswa ukwenza ulwazi kwi computer? Liyinyaniso elokuba, iprosesa computer. Ngoku uyazi impendulo kungekuphela nje umbuzo kodwa iimpawu lesixhobo kunye iingxaki kunye namathemba ezikhoyo. Ngoko ke, kukho ulwazi lwenziwe njani iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zobugcisa kunye processing ulwazi lwenziwa apho icebo computer.