Nuthatch Common: inkcazelo, indawo yokuhlala, yokuzala

Coachman, nuthatch okanye abaqhelekileyo - intaka encinane nuthatch losapho, kwande eMntla Afrika, Asia naseYurophu. Izakufunyanwa kumbindi eRashiya kunye eSiberia. Kukho Lizalela amahlathi engumxube, ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo coniferous, ezitiyeni kunye neepaki zokuhlala. Nuthatch eziqhelekileyo efuna ukutya kunye yobuciko ehamba amasebe kunye komboko imithi, ngokufuthi ngamahla ndinyuka.

incazelo

Le ntaka encinane enokususwa efikelela 14.5 cm ubude, ezinobunzima-25 g kunye namaphiko 27 cm; kunye nentloko enkulu, lalingqingqwa kwaye phantse imperceptible, intamo emfutshane. Le usiba eshinyene ezintofontofo. Ngeso lenyama kuyahlukana nedlela ezihlala, umzimba ongasentla ngoko usoloko lineentsingiselo ezahlukileyo umbala oluhlaza-hina. E yaseMzantsi mpuma Asia, Western eYurophu eCaucasus uye ijinja ngesisu nasesilevini emhlophe entanyeni. Kumantla emhlophe esezantsi enamacala ebomvu, koko, nezompleyini podhvostem sizizifanya of umbala omhlophe.

imifanekiso Nuthatch eziqhelekileyo, lwazo thaca kweli nqaku siphila kwinxalenye esempuma China, oko yanowo ebomvu ngokupheleleyo. Xa iintlobo Far Eastern amabele iintsiba ezimhlophe. Xa iintsiba steering kakhulu uhlala amabala amhlophe. Ukususela ekuqaleni kumlomo ukuya Nape le intamo a ngomvumbo emnyama tye. Umlomo ebukhali, ngqo kunye elide, izimvi. Xa noseko lwalo bathunyelwa phambili ezifumaneka abantamo. amaphiko ajikelezayo, mfutshane, kuba iintsiba ezilishumi zaseprayimari. Elifutshane, umsila ngqo. Imilenze zomelele, engwevu-omdaka, kunye iinzipho ukunamathela elide, ngokugqibeleleyo lulungiselelwe ukuba i imithi ukwenyuka esebenzayo. Abasetyhini kunye namadoda enye kwenye ngokwangaphandle akukho ezahlukeneyo, kuphela lilikhulu kancinci nje into eyindoda.

indawo

Xa yehlathi Palaearctic (uninzi Asia, eYurophu nakuMntla Afrika) isagquba nuthatch zesiqhelo. photos Bird zithiwe thaca kweli nqaku zifumaneka phantse kuyo yonke eYurophu. Ngomhla kummandla welizwe lethu ukusuka kwindawo North Shore ulinganiselwe ukuya kuLwandle White, esezantsi ye-OB River kunye kwilali Ust-Tsilma; ukusuka emazantsi - Saratov, ummandla Voronezh, Kokshetau, le Urals Southern, Barnaul kunye eOmsk. Ngaphandle lizwe lethu ohlala eKorea, China, Taiwan kunye iziqithi Japanese; Uhlala kumazantsi Iran, Sirayeli, Indochina kunye neentaba zeHimalaya. E-Afrika, inokufumaneka Morocco.

yokuhlala

ubomi Nuthatch zesiqhelo emahlathini - coniferous, ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo engumxube, ngexesha ukhetha imimandla kunye nenani elikhulu imithi ezindala kunye yehlathi, nto leyo ifuna ukutya. Kwakhona lula elihlala kwiipaki kunye neegadi uhlaza enemithi. In kwimimandla ekumzantsi nasentshona Yurophu ithanda amahlathi wofika, nto leyo ilawulwa hornbeam, um-oki, beech.

Nuthatch ukuze kuphunyezwe ihlathi-kumathafa emantla, kumazantsi - zone emathafeni, apho zakhele ehlathini kunye namahlathi zaselunxwemeni. KwiMpuma Ekude kunye eSiberia, apho ubukhulu becala ukukhula amahlathi coniferous, abahlala ubukhulu becala ehlathini ezininzi larch nemisedare. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ukuqhekezwa kwimiboniso ehlathini, ngokufuthi ekhokelela ukuncitshiswa kwenani iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ukuchuma ayikho nuthatch abachaphazelekayo.

Nuthatch zesiqhelo (iifoto kunokubonwa kweli nqaku) ikhokela ubomi ungenzi nto, yaye ngokuqhelekileyo, ihambelana kwindawo enye ukuba bento. Xa hlathi ophakathi kumntla kwendawo iintaka bafudukela ngasezantsi ebusika. Eli xesha lonyaka bajoyine ezinye iintaka (ikakhulu tits), kodwa musa ezingeyo kubobonke. intaka Territorial ikhusela isayithi yakho unyaka wonke.

buphindwe

Ekuqaleni le zikhwelwe iintaka ixhomekeka inkululeko. Ngokomzekelo, xa kumbindi eRashiya baqalise oluzalela ku-Epreli, lo gama kwiindawo ezisemantla - kuphela ngoMeyi. Iintaka liba (kuphela ababhinqileyo enye accounted for nye inkunzi); Izibini ubomi bakhe kusindiswa.

Nuthatches udongwe wayo wayifu- ezibuhlazarha, ngaloo ndlela kokushiya iinotshi encinane kuphela.

hatching

vulgaris Nuthatch, apho kukho iifoto kweli nqaku, kunye ekuqaleni uqumbile oyekayo, ukuba unnoticeable. liwaqandusele ababhinqileyo, ngoxa ishiya indlwane kuphela xa ingozi, ngaphambili kokuhlanganisa wamatye zokulala. Bafukanywe ithatha malunga neeveki ezimbini. amantshontsho lwamaJuda Okulandelayo zizele ezingcakacileyo elide phantsi ngomqolo, amagxa kunye nentloko. Lokukhathalelwa ngabazali bobabini, izidlo ku amaxesha 350 ngosuku. Amantshontsho abasendleleni iphiko emva kweentsuku-25, nangona iiveki nkqu 1-2 ukondla abazali bakhe aze asasazeke.

Imali esisiseko yeentaka abaselula ukuba ekupheleni kwehlobo kuthabatha indawo yakhe buqu, kodwa kukhetho lo iqabane kunye indawo oluzalela kumiselwa ngokupheleleyo kuphela ngasemthonjeni ilandelayo. Neentaka zasendle ubomi malunga elinanye iminyaka.

kuthembeke

Bird nuthatch iindlwane eziqhelekileyo kwimigongxo, kodwa, ngokwahlukileyo ukuya nezinqolamthi efanayo, akakwazi bavula lizihlole ezibuhlazarha, ke ngoko, sebenzisa zokuhlala ezindala okanye uthathe nemingxuma endalo imithi. Ulenze ukhethe kumgama 4-8 ubude ukusuka emhlabeni. Kwakhona hlala iibhokisi indlwane ngokusebenzisa ngumntu. Ngokufuthi, ukuba indawo enkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ayicacanga udongwe lwakhe ukukhusela ezidla ezahlukeneyo nqapha ukuxuba kunye umgquba, kusale nje tapholes omncinci ukuya kwi-35 mm. Ngamaxesha athile udongwe unesandla nokuzeyisa kumgongxo kunye neendawo eziyingqongileyo.

Le ngaphakathi ezibuhlazarha igcwele na ndinesikali ezincinane ubhityile maleko yokwaleka ye-uthinte, ngamanye amaxesha - Igqabi izilayi. zokulala aluhlaza - amaqanda kuye phantse kwamanzi ngokupheleleyo.