Kanban - ntoni na? Umgaqo woveliso ezinqinileyo

Kanban - ntoni na? Ibangel 'umdla ulwazi iqulethe ikhadi kanban, yaye yintoni indlela umsebenzi osebenza kwi imveliso? Kweli nqaku siza ukucacisa ngokweenkcukacha imigaqo ukuphunyezwa ngempumelelo kanban, zize zinike umfanekiso ocacileyo inkqubo iimephu enxulumene umzekelo ethile. Ukongeza, emva kokuphonononga umbandela uya kufunda into efunekayo ibhodi kanban, apho iindawo, ukongeza imveliso, uyacebiswa ukuba ukusebenzisa le ndlela, kwaye elinokuba okunye okuhle kuyo.

Kakuhle eli gama kunye eziphambili neempawu indlela

Namhlanje singakwazi ligcine eqaqambileyo ithande ukuba kwandisa ixabiso inventri yokugcina, nto leyo sizathu siphambili ukuyilwa izakhiwo zolawulo "lophanyazo", nobhaliweyo inkqubo kanban. Ngo-Japanese, "Kanban" libhekisela "tag", "icon". Eli binzana indlela ukwazisa, ngendlela abunikiweyo imvume, okanye ukubonisa imveliso okanye ukuphelisa (transfer) inkqubo ezotyhalo.

Lwalo ngoku ivumela ukunikezela ulwazi isebenze ngokupheleleyo imigca yokuvelisa ndayame ngokuthi kusetyenziswe amakhadi ulwazi yokudlulisela umyalelo ethile ukuvelisa kwinqanaba olulandela elidlulileyo.

Developer nje le nkqubo obalulekileyo Toyota Motors, thaca ingcamango echaza indlela enye amalinge zokuqala ukusebenza nokusebenzisa indlela "kanye ngexesha". Kanban system for imveliso yenziwa ngokuhambelana ulawulo ilandelayo: iiyunithi lweshishini ezinikiweyo imali ethile kwezibonelelo ixesha ezicacileyo ixesha kuyimfuneko ukwenza umyalelo.

Iinkcukacha zenkqubo

Indlela scheme thaca ilula kakhulu, nayo iba nefuthe kakuhle kakhulu kwi lombutho inkqubo yemveliso. Emva kokuba unikezelo kwiiyunithi lweshishini na yecebo ngentlonipho, wenza ubalo eneenkcukacha anenani elifunekayo umsebenzi oqhubekayo, ekufuneka ufumene ngqo kwisigaba ongamphambi kokugqibela koKuhlala (umyalelo efanayo imveliso igqityiwe, ngokulandelelana, kuba linyathelo lokugqibela kule nkqubo). Ngokufanayo, isicelo senziwe inyathelo kokugqibela ukuya njengenyathelo yangaphambili ukuya umthamo othile intermediates.

Ngenxa yoko, izinga lwemveliso kwindawo ethile senziwa ngokungqinelana neemfuno kwisigaba esilandelayo imveliso. Ngoko kusengqiqweni ukuba phakathi izigaba ezibini senkqubo yemveliso, nto leyo iqhele emnyango elandelayo, sifakelwe uhlobo ikhonkco kabini:

1. Ngenxa n-th nqanaba kwi-n-1 isicelo ( "Bandulukile") imali eyimfuneko umsebenzi oqhubekayo.
2. Ngenxa n-1-th Inqanaba kwezibonelelo channel n-th endalo eziphathekayo nemali.

izixhobo transfer ulwazi

Ukuze ngcono ukuqonda kanban - oko kukuthi, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba isixhobo of transfer of data kwi kwinkqubo amakhadi ezizodwa, zihlelwa zibe ngamaqela amabini:

1. Nezixhobo ezinxulumene ngqo umyalelo kwimveliso. Kule hlobo amakhadi kwindawo yokuqala ibonisa inani iindawo ekufuneka kwenziwe kwinqanaba yangaphambili inkqubo yemveliso. Baya hamba uye n-th ibakala zemveliso ye-n-1 eqongeni bakhonza njengoko sizathu siphambili uphuhliso lwenkqubo imveliso kwezi ndawo.
2. izixhobo Ukukhetha zinika ulwazi kangangoko kuyimfuneko ukuba imithombo yendalo eziphathekayo (apha ziquka iimveliso semi-agqitywa, izixhobo, amacandelo, njl) eziza ukuthathwa kwinqanaba yangaphambili yentlanganiso. Olu hlobo mali lwezibonelelo ikhadi lokubonisa, lakuba lifumene n-th nqanaba lenkqubo yemveliso evela n-1 Julayi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ikhadi nga ukuba ajikeleze kungekuphela nje ngokunxulumene nezibonelelo yangaphakathi kwishishini, kodwa phakathi kwamasebe awo okanye iinkampani ezixhasa ngokusebenzisana.

ukusetyenziswa ngobuchule ngayo kanban - ntoni na?

Tayiti Ono, umongameli Toyota Motor Corporation, iphuhlise isethi ngemigaqo kukwazeke ukusetyenziswa kanban isebenzayo:

• ukusebenza Ukulandela ngokubhekiselele kumsebenzi mveliso itsala iindawo volume, wathi ikhadi, kumsebenzi ongaphambili.
• ukusebenza Manufacturing, leyo ziphambi, ngokungqinelana kunye nokudalwa ngeyethu ubungakanani kunye nolandelelwano equlethe ikhadi ethile.
• Akukho ezinjalo iinkcukacha anokwenziwa ngaphandle ikhadi. Esi sibonelelo ivumela ukuncitshiswa hormone, kwakunye nombutho ngokugqithiseleyo kweemveliso. Ngenxa yoko, umthamo amakhadi, ukuhlala ukujikeleza, elingana inani eliphezulu esitokisini.
• Card - umyalelo ukuvelisa imveliso (yorhwebo kuyo nayiphi na imeko iqhotyoshelwe kwikhadi ahambelanayo).
• Iinxalenye ukuba onesiphene ayikwazi kutshintshelwa yenkqubo elandelayo. Le meko ikhokelela okukhutshwa mveliso ezininzi siphene-free.
• Ukunciphisa inani amakhadi kwandisa uvakalelo lwabo. Ngoko ke, hamba iingxaki ezikhoyo yaye kwenziwa ulawulo olusebenzayo phezu-inventri.

Iimpawu kwekhadi yesicelo

Kwathi kanti, ulawulo Kanban oluqhutywa ngokomfuziselo ethile, nto leyo iquka ukusetyenziswa amakhadi ezizodwa. iimfuno Ngoko, ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwazo kufuneka iphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo ukhuseleko ingundoqo nokubonakala liphezulu kule nkqubo: lupheliswe ngokupheleleyo ukulahlekelwa amakhadi, ngokunjalo ukuxuba zabo.

Senze indlela ephumelelayo ngazo ukulobola inkqubo Kanban kwemveliso eliphezulu. IBhodi le ndlela isebenza kwindawo yokuqokelela amakhadi esebenzayo, njengoko kunjalo ngokufuthi abasebenzi emsebenzini basebenzise izixhobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, amakhadi, ngokuhlala kumenzi, zibekwe kwi ibhodi yolawulo. Kwaye xa izixhobo ikhadi elitsha ifunyenwe ukufikelela endle "ekuqaleni", zizo zonke inxalenye inombolo efanelekileyo amakhadi ugqithele phambili nokuphumeza inkqubo yemveliso.

Iingenelo ngokusebenzisa indlela kanban - yintoni na?

Amashishini nokusebenzisa inkqubo CANBAN yenziwa ubonelelo imihla kwezibonelelo eziphathekayo (kwaye amaxesha amaninzi eziliqela ebudeni ngosuku). It ikuvumela ukuba ukuhlaziya ngokupheleleyo uluhlu malunga 100-300 amaxesha ebudeni bonyaka. Ukuba sithelekisa kwiinkqubo kanban ezifana MRP okanye imephu, kwimeko langoku zihlaziywa malunga amaxesha-10 rhoqo.

Zilufanele indlela kanban imizekelo uqikelelo, siveza ithuba yayo epheleleyo phezu kwezinye, elinemveliso kangako. Ngoko ke, Toyota Motors Corporation kwenye kwiindawo ezininzi zokulima 1976, ukunika izixhobo kathathu ngemini, kwaye ngo-1983 - sele yonke imizuzu elishumi.

Kanban wayedla ezinkulu (ingakumbi kwabunjwa le stock). Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzisi uthumela ukuba ukukhethwa ivenkile kanban, nto leyo ithi, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, isixa mveliso, yaye esikhulu ubapha lixela inani lezinto. Ngelo xesha ithumela kwicala evenkileni ka wemvula kumthengisi kanban, emva koko umthengisi uthumela imveliso kwi evenkileni.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo indlela

Yeendima ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo kanban zezi zilandelayo:

1. complex ulwazi, equlethe kubume layo nje kuphela amakhadi, kodwa iitshathi imveliso, izithuthi okanye resupply uhlobo kunye neemephu zokuqhelaniswa zobugcisa.
2. I-complex kokuba ngokunxulumene ngqo iimfuno zolawulo kunye ukujikeleza seKMail ngobungcali.
3. Complex, ukuvumela ukuphumeza jikelele (TQM) kunye uyakhetha ( "Jidoka") nolawulo lomgangatho imveliso.
4. Isakhiwo apho wenza ulungelelwaniso ngokupheleleyo kwimveliso.

izinto thaca kusetyenziswa kubanjiswene, unako ukufikelela kumjikelo imfutshane imveliso, inqanaba eliphezulu ingeniso asethi (in Vol. H. Of isitokhwe) kwakunye ukuze kupheliswe okanye kungabangela iindleko zokugcina ubuncinane zombini imveliso kunye inventri kwaye, kakade, ukufezekisa ephezulu umgangatho imveliso kwi nganye amanqanaba inkqubo yemveliso.

Ezingeloncedo le nkqubo kunye neziphumo zawo

Njengayo nayiphi na inkqubo yophuhliso "kanye ngexesha" sinikezwe ezithile downsides. Okokuqala, oko kunzima yokulungiselela ulungelelaniso-kwinqanaba eliphezulu phakathi amanqanaba imveliso imveliso.

Okwesibini - ingozi ebonakalayo yokusilela kwenkqubo yemveliso, ngokulandelelana, kunye nokuthengiswa kwemveliso. Kunjalo, uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha izenzo zamazwe ngamazwe malunga nesicelo yale ndlela kwabonisa ukuba le nkqubo yenza kube lula ukunciphisa uluhlu kubini, kunye norhwebo - nge-8%, kunye ukukhawulezisa ebalulekileyo kwimali eyinkunzi yokusebenza yaye, ke, ukuphucula umgangatho imveliso ogqityiweyo.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukusetyenziswa kanban hayi Liphela kunye nenkqubo yemveliso. Ngenxa yoko, le nkqubo ngenkuthalo asetyenziswe kwimisebenzi ofisi kunye neprojekthi, iinkqubo (kukho uluhlu lonke uphuhliso kanban), kwakunye ukufezekisa iziphumo zakho (uhlobo ngayo kanban).