Njengoko nkovu kwakhiwa. Yayikukuphuphuma lwentshukumo, yokuhlanjululwa, ngxi, ukwakhiwa kunye nomsebenzi lo nkovu

Nkovu liqumrhu ngelaphu ulwelo eziqulethwe kwiindawo nkovu kunye nempahla nkovu. Kubantu, nkovu senziwa isixa litres 2-4 ngosuku. It is a ulwelo ecacileyo ogama mninzi ifikelela 1.026. Nkovu abasabela awana na pH 7,35-9,0. Olu lwelo inceda ukugcina imali amanzi kwaye okugungxula amagciwane evela kwizihlunu zophendlo lwezifo.

Kwalo nkovu

Le Ilaphu ulwelo ujikeleza kwimikhumbi yegazi kwenkqubo emithanjeni yaye phantse zonke amalungu. Uninzi ngawo permeability aphezulu imithambo yegazi amalungu: kwesibindi, udakada, izihlunu kunye nentliziyo skeletal.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba isakhiwo sayo iyahlozinga, ekubeni kuxhomekeke amalungu kunye nezihlunu apho ayajika off. Awona macandelo aphambili amacandelo ukuze amanzi, iimveliso yokubola iikhompawundi organic, lymphocyte kunye leukocytes ekhankanywe. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izihlunu ulwelo, nkovu abe protein ephakamileyo. nokubunjwa kwayo chemical kufana plasma yegazi, kodwa viscosity layo lingaphantsi.

Isakhiwo lukwaquka anions nkovu, enzyme iivithamini. Ukongeza, iqulathe izinto ezandisa amandla ekunqandeni igazi. Kwimeko umonakalo kwemithambo yegazi (emithanjeni), ukwandisa inani lymphocyte. Kwakhona ekhona nkovu inani elincinane monocytes kunye granulocytes.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nkovu kwabantu lube zegazi, kodwa isongwe, kuba iqulathe lwefibrinogen. Oku kwenza iqela evakalala yellow. izinto koko, kule engamanzi ichongwe okukwazi humoral (lysozyme, properdin) kunye zincedisana, nangona nkovu ubuchule bactericidal angaphantsi kakhulu igazi.

nkovu intsingiselo

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe imisebenzi enjalo esisiseko ye nkovu:

• ukubuya electrolytes, iiprotheni kunye namanzi ukusuka isithuba Embi kumlanjana igazi;

• lymphocirculation eqhelekileyo obonelela ngemfundo umchamo kakhulu kanzulu;

• nkovu ithwala izinto ezininzi wendele izitho zokugaya, ukuquka amafutha;

• enzyme ngamnye (umz, lipase kunye histaminase) ungafaka igazi kuphela ngokusebenzisa inkqubo emithanjeni (function metabolic);

• uqokelela nkovu kwinyama erythrocytes leyo angemi apho emva kokonzakala, kwakunye ubuthi neentsholongwane (umsebenzi protection);

• inika unxibelelwano phakathi Amalungu nezihlunu, kwakunye nenkqubo lymphoid negazi;

• Ukugcina iiseli rhoqo microenvironment, okt. E. function Homeostatic.

Ukongeza, kwiindawo nkovu akhiwa lymphocyte kunye izilwa-buhlungu, aqukiweyo impendulo omzimba umzimba. Xa Oncology yindlela nkovu ukusasazeka eziphambili ziiseli zomhlaza.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba nkovu, ulwelo Embi kunye negazi bezalana ngokusondeleyo, ngoko ukuqinisekisa homeostasis.

lymphization

Isiseko sale nkqubo ukuhluza, kwe-, kucocwa, kwaye umahluko uxinzelelo hydrostatic, nto leyo ibhaliwe emithanjeni kulwelo Embi.

Njengoko nkovu yenziwe? Kule nkqubo, ukubaluleka inkulu permeability beempahla emithanjeni. Ngenxa yoko, uwele amasuntswana ezahlukeneyo zobungakanani udonga emithanjeni nkovu ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili:

1. intercellular xa kuvavanywa ngokusebenzisa abana intercellular amasuntswana omhle ogama lingu- 10 NM - 10 microns.

2. endothelium, ukuthuthwa ezifana nezinto ezinxulumene ngqo ukuhamba lwabo vesicles micropinocytic kunye kumadyunguza.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iindlela data kanye kanye.

Ukuba impendulo yombuzo "njani ezikhandelwa nkovu", kubalulekile ukukhumbula malunga xi oncotic. Ngenxa yoko, i-high uxinzelelo hydrostatic ye igazi kunegalelo ekumisweni nkovu, nendoda ephakamileyo uxinzelelo oncotic abangaphangeliyo inkqubo esebenzayo. product fluid ithatha indawo emithanjeni, ngoxa ubuyela kwebhedi lwemithambo, ngokuba kukho umahluko xi emithanjeni kunye nesiphelo lwemithambo ngcanjana.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba limfokapillyarov permeability kuyahlukana nedlela imeko esebenzayo amalungu, kwakunye ezahlukeneyo ngomatshini, iikhemikhali kunye nezinto humoral okanye zemithambo. Izinga Ukuqulunqwa nkovu kunye nemali yayo ixhomekeke ubudlelwane phakathi kwenkqubo kunye ejikeleza emithanjeni. Ngoko ke, ukuba umthamo umzuzu nokuhamba kwegazi na iilitha ezi-6, ngoko kuhluzeka emithanjeni ngegazi 15 ml zolwelo 12 ml leyo ngokubizwa umva, kodwa 5 ml ihleli kwisithuba Embi, waza wabuyela kwinkqubo yokujikeleza nge lymphatics.

Ukuze siqonde ngcono njani yaye phi na Obumbe nkovu, kuyimfuneko ukwazi iimpawu ngesakhiwo kwenkqubo emithanjeni.

Iimpawu lombutho kwenkqubo emithanjeni

Ikhonkco sokuqala ezi ngcanjana emithanjeni. Bona akhiwe zonke izicwili kunye namaziko. Akukho kuphela esengqondweni kunye umnqonqo, amehlo kunye kwindlebe engaphakathi, kwakunye epithelium ulusu, udakada, lomongo wethambo, beendawo.

Limfokapillyary zizidibanise ukwenza isefu limfokapillyarnye imikhumbi emikhulu nkovu ezo sabaleka ezintathu:

• lwangaphakathi - wenziwa iiseli ekuthiwa ziiseli endothelial;

• Umyinge - iqulethe iiseli ezigudileyo ijwabu imisipha;

• yangaphandle - nokuqina ijwabu esingxotyeni.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imikhumbi emithanjeni abe lwezivalo. Enkosi kubo, ukuhamba nkovu kwicala elinye kuphela - ukususela kwimida kweli ziko. Njengomgaqo, iimpahla nkovu kwemisipha kunye namacandelo yiya ezityeni igazi yaye kuthiwa nzulu.

amacandelo ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo emithanjeni ngamakhonkco nkovu. Ukuba enze umsebenzi filter, ukhuseleko omzimba eziphilayo. iindawo nkovu zibekwe kufutshane imithambo yegazi enkulu, ngokuqhelekileyo amaqela abe kumphezulu okanye zibekwe kwi nemingxuma angaphakathi omzimba. Bandisa kwaye zigutyula iintsholongwane neebhaktiriya, kwakunye amasuntswana amazwe. Sithwalisa iindawo nkovu sandise kwaye baba buhlungu, ebonisa ukuba ngokugqithiseleyo ungcoliseko nkovu. Xa ubudoda kwiindawo nkovu zidla kwanda ngexesha zokugula isinqe okanye imilenze. Ukudumba kwakhona ezinxulumene negazi, ubukho cysts ingozi okanye izihlunu emva distension.

Ndimele ndithi kwinkqubo emithanjeni, kukho sezingxakini ezithile limfostvoly kwaye apho kukho kuphuma uqoqoqsho nkovu ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo omzimba kunye nezibilini.

Iimpawu ze ukuhanjiswa nkovu

Liyeza lymphatics lifumana malunga 180 ml nkovu ngosuku nge limfoprotok thoracic ingafikelela ukuya neelitha ezi-4 engamanzi. Yena kamva babuyela egazini jikelele. Ukwazi indlela yakha nkovu, kufuneka babe nolwazi njengoko ehamba umzimba.

Ngenxa yokuba nkovu kwi emithanjeni nkovu wabumba ucoco ulwelo kakhulu ngakumbi egazini iinqanawa ezincinane, kukhokelela ekukhawuleziseni lasungulwa nokwandisa isantya kwayo. Phakathi izinto ezandisa ukuyilwa nkovu ifanele ukubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• koxinzelelo hydrostatic eziphakamileyo capillary;

• Umsebenzi eliphezulu olusebenzayo izitho;

• permeability capillary High;

• enikeza izisombululo hypertonic.

Indima iphambili ukuhanjiswa nkovu bobabo kwendalo yengcinezelo zaseprayimari hydrostatic. Ukhuthaza intshukumo emithanjeni bodices nkovu kubo izitya efferent.

Yintoni iqinisekisa ukuhamba kwayo ngakumbi? Nkovu amiliswe ukusuka ulwelo Embi. Ngoko ke amandla esisiseko ezikhuthaza nentshukumo yayo ukusuka kwisiza ukuya ekudibaneni imithambo entanyeni - lymphangions nokuncipha ezinesingqi.

lymphangions Avilable. Ezinye iindlela ukuhambisa nkovu

Lymphangions wabiza ukubunjwa tubular ukuba iivelufa kunye nemisipha "cuff". Ngokuseka kungenziwa ngokuba uhlobo iintliziyo emithanjeni. Ngoko ke, lo nkovu oqokelela kuzo, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba wolule of "cuff". Kulo mzekelo, ivelifa distal avale lymphangion kunye proximal, phezu koko, ivula. Ngenxa yoko, sihamba ukuya lymphangions elilandelayo nkovu (njalo njalo de ekudibaneni kwinkqubo lwemithambo).

Ukuba sithethe malunga nesakhiwo beendonga lymphangions, zazimele imicu adrenergic ukuba ukuliguquguqula le izishunqulelo ezikhululekileyo ezinesingqi. izihlunu lymphangion Smooth kwakhona ekwaziyo ukuncitshiswa, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba ukwanda koxinzelelo kwimikhumbi nkovu kunye nkovu ukungena egazini. inkqubo Active enokuchaphazela ezinye iihomoni, izinto bioactive (umz, histamine), kwaye ukuguqulwa lwee- iikhompawundi pathways kunye namaqondo aphezulu.

Indlela echazwe intshukumo ye nkovu na esisiseko, kodwa kukho izinto eziziisekondari. Ngenxa yoko, ngexesha iphefumlelwe nkovu thoracic efamini limfoprotoka okukhulu, kwaye ngexesha nomphunga inkqubo ehla. Ngenxa iintshukumo ze uvalo ukuba zixinaniswe ngamathuba athile kwaye waneka itanki lexinene, ngaloo ndlela ngakumbi nkovu ukufuduka.

Ubunzulu ukuhamba nkovu kwakhona alichatshazelwa ucutheko zesingqisho amalungu (sentliziyo emathunjini), nto leyo ekhokelela kunikezelo olusebenzayo ngakumbi esiqwini fluid waya mithambo le emithanjeni. Nema izihlunu skeletal angqonge iimpahla emithanjeni, nayo ukulicudisa ekwaziyo le nkovu, njengoko igalelo indawo yayo bomatshini, yaye zikwandisa lymphangions ubuchule contractile ukuthi ibekwe kwi ifayibha kwezihlunu. Ngenxa kule intshukumo nkovu ngokusebenzisa iimpahla kwandiswa.

Ukuxinana kwinkqubo emithanjeni

Insufficiency nkovu Ukwakheka eyaphula okanye ihamba nkovu. Izifo ezininzi zihamba ezingaqhelekanga kwinkqubo emithanjeni, nto leyo edla zikwabalulekile ukuqhubela phambili inkqubo yezifo.

Xa ukusilela nkovu nkovu na ukumelana umsebenzi wayo ophambili - metabolites yesiphelo ukusuka ancedisana emzimbeni ngeqondo ngokwaneleyo. Kulo mzekelo, ukusilela yokugaya nkovu inokuba ubhalo jikelele okanye lommandla.

nkovu ngxi ibonisa iintlobo iimpawu, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• ukusuka kwindawo apho iphuhlise lymphostasis;

• iimpawu kwegridi emithanjeni;

• ubudala yesigulana;

• izinga apho insufficiency emithanjeni kuphuhliswa.

iphula sangoku nkovu kukhokelela beqokelela mveliso zinetyhefu. Ukuba lymphatics umonakalo kuvela thrombi, apho ngokuqhelekileyo kuba leukocytes kunye fibrin. Bona bahlale iindawo nkovu yengingqi, ngoko akukho ngozi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinobungozi izifo ezosulelayo kunye ezimbi amabi, njengoko gabalala lymphostasis esa entshabalalweni kunye ukubonakala metastases retrograde (nkovu flow ngokuchasene ukwanda).

A imbonakaliso efanayo kwezonyango zezifo nkovu nokudumba. Mihla le nangenxa yokudodobala nkovu kunye izihlunu hypoxia, ukuphazamiseka yokucolwa kunye namanzi kunye nokulungelelana electrolyte kwakunye dystrophic ngezimanga sclerotic. Xa nkovu kokoma jikelele ukuphuhlisa varicose litshintsha lymphatics, hypertrophy Imisonto izihlunu kwakunye sclerosis Intini, izivingco utshintsho.

Ukophulwa ubuchule coagulation of nkovu

Siyazi ukuba lo nkovu cishe zonke izakhi zinoxanduva kwamahlwili, kunye fibrinolysis antisvertyvaniya ngoko coagulation intravascular ayikho into eyenzeka igazi, kodwa izitya emithanjeni. Kulo mzekelo, imiba zeethishu coagulation asichaphazeli nje kuphela hemostasis, kodwa permeability nemithambo kunye izihlunu Embi zothutho fluid. Ngothekelelo olufanayo, loo Iindlela zinoxanduva igazi ekunqandeni, kungakhokelela ekubeni iziganeko ezinjalo emithanjeni nkovu, iimpahla kunye iindawo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi amacandelo ahlukeneyo igazi kunye nkovu kancinane sasifunda, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuba iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zophendlo lwezifo kunokuba neziphumo ezahlukileyo coagulation of nkovu. Ngoko ke, xa ungena igazi owahlukeneyo liyalahleka nkovu uyakwazi ihlwili, ekubeni isixa anticoagulants zendalo ukunyuka. Kukholelwa ukuba isixa esikhulu anticoagulant kulo mzekelo ohambisa kuphela kulo igazi yaveliswa esibindini kunye nkovu.

Ephula coagulation of nkovu kuphuhliso thrombosis yi phantse ayaziwa. Kukho data yokwenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba utshintsho ubuninzi egazini kunye nkovu inokuba nomahluko kancinane, kodwa ulwalathiso bangobani. Ukongeza, kuyaziwa ukuba thrombosis sikhatshwa ukudodobala kancinane kwemali nkovu evela limfoprotoka thoracic amanzi, kwaye ukuyilwa kwento thrombus lwemithambo sikhatshwe utshintsho okuphawulekayo egazini kunye nkovu. Le ndlela ibonisa ukuba kukho isizathu esilungileyo nje kusale nje ukufunda iimpawu iinkqubo roll-up kwinkqubo emithanjeni, kodwa ukuba siwasebenzise ngendlela clinical.

Asuse nkovu: ubungqina

isixa esikhulu iikhompawundi eziyingozi elingathathwanga kwisithuba intercellular kakubi kwenkqubo emithanjeni. Kulo mzekelo, i nkovu iyasuleleka, kukhokelele kuphuhliso lymphostasis. Le meko kunye ukunyuka umthwalo amalungu, ingakumbi isibindi, izintso kunye namathumbu. Ukuthintela usenokungayibo- ityhefu, kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ukuhamba kwamanzi emithanjeni kunye nencindi rhoqo ulwelo Embi.

Izinto ezibonisa ukuba ukucoca kwenkqubo emithanjeni yile ithi zilandelayo:

• ezingonelanga detoxification ngenxa nezitenxo esibindini nakumathumbu (hepatitis, ukudumba, goiter, ukuqhina kunye inyongo stasis);

umkhuhlane • rhoqo;

• isifo esinganyangekiyo amalungu zangasese (umzekelo, Ngokuzimela, adnexitis okanye endometritis);

• zosulelo isisu okanye ezinye izifo kunye ukunxila ebalulekileyo;

• Izifo kwesikhumba;

• sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi komzimba (umz, dermatitis atopic, onokhwekhwe okanye atopic dermatitis);

• karhulumente, ekhatshwa umonakalo inyama omkhulu kunye nokufunxwa kwi iimveliso yokuwa yegazi (trauma, ukutsha kunye waphuka);

• Iingxaki yegazi ngenxa ukopha, thrombosis, Embolism;

• ukuphazamiseka yonyango, ingakumbi ukutyeba, isifo seswekile kunye nesifo ndlala.

iindlela ezisisiseko yokuhlambulula nkovu

Phambi kokuba nkovu ecocekileyo, kufuneka abonisane ugqirha, oya kuqinisekisa Izimo kunokwenzeka kwaye akuncede ukhethe ukhetho engcono.

Indlela № 1. Unika iziphumo emihle arthrosis kunye samathambo, ezenzeka ngexesha lokusekwa nokudumba kwakhona kubonisa ukusilela coronary intliziyo, thrombophlebitis ezingapheliyo kunye kutshatyalaliswe inkqubo yokuphefumla, osteochondrosis. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa le ndlela ukuba umzimba lwawo, kwakunye xa isigulane unesifo seswekile.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha 900 ml juice-orenji, umlinganiselo ofanayo juice grapefruit kunye 200 ml yejusi yelamuni entsha. Konke oku kufuneka exutywe kunye iilitha ezi-2 zamanzi anyibilike. Kusasa musani ukudla isidlo sakusasa, wenza enema of iilitha ezi-2 zamanzi, apho kuyimfuneko pre-dibanisa 2 tbsp. l. apple cider neviniga. Emva ekuqulunqeni enema kufuneka asele 100 ml yamanzi umtshato apho ityuwa Glauber kaThixo, ngoko nangoko ukuthatha ishawa eshushu, emva koko 200 ml basele ipremix incindi citrus, ndininyibilikise amanzi. Emva koko bonke abantu kufuneka asele neelitha ezi-4 umxube (ngokuthi iinxenye 100 ml zonke seyure).

Asuse nkovu ngale ndlela kufuneka wenziwe iintsuku ezintathu. Khumbula ukuba emva kokuba oku awukwazi ngesiquphe zinokutshintshela kwizidlo njengesiqhelo, ukutya kufuneka kuvulwa. Kucetyiswa ukuba usele amanzi ayo, badle iziqhamo, imifuno abilayo kunye nokutya okuziinkozo.

Indlela № 2. Kuyanceda nihlambulule nkovu, lokurhoxisa ubuthi Akothusi ukufumanisa ukuba umzimba iivithamini. Kusasa kufuneka ukwenza enema yokuhlanjululwa. Ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba udle enye ya lemon ompe kunye iyabiliswa xa zidityaniswe ne ubusi kunye neziqhamo neswekile. Yonke imihla kufuneka asetyenzisiweyo lemon omnye, nto leyo inani ukuya 15 Emva koko, eli nani kufuneka incitshiswe ngokutya yonke imihla ubuncinane 1 lemon.

Indlela № 3. Kufuneka uthathe ii lemons, beetroot, iminqathe, Imirharnate (zonke-2 kg), buthi incindi, mix zobusi uthathe iintsuku ezili-10 ungatyanga kunye ml-50, ngoko yenza ikhefu iintsuku ezintlanu. Ezi khosi iphindwe kude kube sekupheleni umxube uzilungiselele, ekufuneka zigcinwe efrijini enesiciko asondelelene.

Indlela № 4. amagqirha Tibetan Kucetyiswa ukuba ukucoca nkovu hlobo. Kufuneka uthathe ml 200 incindi entsha iminqathe ze beetroot kwi ratio ye-4: 1 yonke imihla phambi izidlo. Ngelo xesha kufuneka kuthathwe ukumnika celandine kwi ipateni ahambelanayo: isisu esingenanto kusasa - drop enye phambi kwesidlo sasemini - amathontsi 2 sangokuhlwa isidlo - 3 amathontsi, njalo njalo, nto leyo ithamo ku ngamathontsi-15, uze emva koko nokunciphisa ubungakanani ukumnika ukuya Umthamo lokuqala (.. ku 1 drop).

Ukulungiselela le ukumnika celandine ingca kufuneka usike ze buthi juice, ngoko abahluza oko. Emva koko, ngokuba yonke incindi 450mg kufuneka ufake ml 70 utywala. Nokuhlanganiswa iziphumo kufuneka refrigerated.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le ndlela lokuhlanjululwa kwenkqubo emithanjeni i ezithandwa phambi nomfutho izigulane izifo wokudla, ukhwekhwe, hemorrhoids, osteochondrosis.

isiphelo

Ngamafuphi, singatsho ukuba nkovu - ulwelo ojikeleze kwaye ugeza zonke izihlunu zomzimba womntu. Eyona njongo iphambili ye nkovu - ukucoca ancedisana amalungu iimveliso ukubola. Nkovu kwegazi izalana ngokusondeleyo kwegazi kwaye linika impilo optimum physical kunye kwinqanaba eliphezulu amandla.

Njengoko nkovu yenziwe? Njengoko kuboniswe ngasentla, le nkqubo kunokuba nzima, nto leyo ethatha indawo iinkqubo kwaye kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Zokuhlanjululwa umzimba yi-nkovu kukuba uqokelela fluid kwemfuneko kunye nemveliso pathways ukusuka kwisithuba intercellular, yaye idlulisela ukuba kwiindawo nkovu ukuba "izikhululo yokuhluza". Ukongezelela ekucoceni umzimba, nkovu ngumsebenzi yokhuselo, kuba oko kuyanceda ukuphelisa arhente zasemzini kunye kwamagciwane.

Nkovu i kolawulo ebalulekileyo iinkqubo pathways emzimbeni, kwakunye ngumba kweeseli zesondlo. Kwiimeko zokugxojwa ukubunjwa nkovu okanye linyuke revolution yayo iphuhlisa fluid amileyo intercellular, nto leyo ekhokelela nokudumba. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kade nkovu kwegazi kukhokelela ukudinwa ngokugqithiseleyo, kwakunye inertia yeenkqubo kubalulekile ukuba kamva kunokubangela iintlobo ngeentlobo izifo kunye nokuguga ngaphambi iiseli.

Xa sijonge ezi umsebenzi nkovu, kucetyiswa ukwenza zokucoca yayo ubuncinane kabini ngonyaka ngeenkqubo ezifanelekileyo. zokuhlanjululwa enjalo kuvumela umzimba ukuphelisa izinto ezingeyomfuneko yaye eziyingozi umsebenzi kwizinga eliphezulu.