Icon "Ukuzalwa": inkcazo, ixabiso

Andrei Rublev - umseki yesikolo eMoscow yokudweba, umzobi, nombhali esekelwe kunye icon, kubandakanywa umsebenzi edumileyo "iKrismesi".

Ulwazi malunga ngembali yobomi bakhe kancinane uyaziwa. Igama elinikiweyo kuye uAndreya izibhambathiso emishini. Wengqesho igama iconographer mbali ezaziwayo. Ngokutsho ulwazi ezimbalwa lokusinda ababephila Rublev wayethobekile, ukuthobeka, indoda ezolileyo.

Weza ephuma kwintsapho ngabapeyinti icon. Ubomi bakhe bonke wabunikela kwinkonzo emishini. Udumo kuye ukuba abe opeyintayo weza ekuseni kakhulu.

Ngokufutshane malunga nobomi kunye nomsebenzi Andreya Rubleva

Eminye imithombo bathi kokuba azalelwe eMoscow ulawulo, abanye bathi Novgorod yakhe yokuzalwa. umhla Uthelekelelo lokuzalwa 1380.

Unyaka lokufa kwakhe nendawo yokungcwaba eyaziwa ngokuba ezithile. Ngowe-1428 ngumzobi wangcwatyelwa uMsindisi-St, nto leyo kungokunje imyuziyam egameni lakhe.

ulwazi kakhulu eneenkcukacha malunga ngobomi bakhe kunye nomsebenzi wabonakala ngowe-1918, xa ngexesha ngokubuyiselwa kwe kwingcinga Cathedral Vladimir yacocwa of esekelwe zayo kunye icons ezifumaneka Zvenigorod. Ukubunjwa nto iphawulekayo esekelwe Rublev ithathwa i "Umgwebo Wokugqibela." indawo obukhulu imelwe wayengumzobi njenge ngokoyisa kokusesikweni ephakamileyo ayikho udakumbile, kodwa ubuntu festive.

Early Works Rublev iphawulwa Umbala efudumeleyo ngokweemvakalelo. Imisebenzi ebhaliweyo kule xesha, yongezwe uvuyo awoyika kunye nobuhle zokomoya. Enye edumileyo kugqalwa i icon of "Christmas KaKristu. "

Kamva kubomi Rublev enxulumene ekuqaleni yeemfazwe emathunjini eRussia kwaphumela ekutshatyalalisweni siseko yokuziphatha. Iyangqinelana lombhali akayi kufumana inkxaso evela ngaphandle, ukuba iboniswa ngokucacileyo kumsebenzi zeli xesha. Imifanekiso nemibala imnyama.

Ukususela 1425 de 1427 Andrey Rublev kwi ubuhlobo Daniel Black idale iconostasis kaBathathu Emnye Cathedral kuBathathu Emnye-uSergiyo Monastery.

Kude amaxesha zethu kuphela iintsalela abangabasemisebenzini inkosi. negunya lakhe bobabo "uBathathu Emnye", "Descent esihogweni", "Annunciation", "uvuko", "Candlemas."

Icon ye Yokuzalwa: inkcazo kunye nokudalwa umhla

Le icon lwalupayintiwe kwibhodi lime. Ukususela saphela ngo-1405 uthathwa. Nanamhla oku i icon wahlala zikwimo eyanelisayo. Kwikona esezantsi ekhohlo endaweni ekwakheni iibhodi, gesso isicelo umaleko entsha eluhlobo i amabala lume. ezantsi ekunene Kwakhona ifaka ezimbini. Owayesakuba gesso ezilahlekileyo ngokuyinxenye kujikelezo lo icon. Ngeqabo elibomvu nokumamela ugcinwe kuphela phezulu. Endle, i icon kwi intloko umntwana uYesu, umonakalo ebonakalayo lezikhonkwane, njengomthwebeba ezifihlakeleyo gesso. latki Small kwakhona ebonakalayo phezu kobuso nguMama kaThixo, ingubo kunye ingubo.

Xa entsimini icon zobuqu, ukusuka phezulu ukuya kwikona esezantsi, kuqhuma liphela. Enye iyafumaneka levkas nwebu kwi isembindini nokwakheka. Oku kakhulu thinned, kwaye kwiindawo ezininzi watshabalalisa umaleko ipeyinti ye-icon. Gold, apho epeyintwe zinesangqa, iingelosi amaphiko, amaqhekeza iimpahla kunye nefonti, balahlekelwa phantse ngokupheleleyo. Images yabangcwele nemisantsa iingubo wahlala buthathaka. Kule fomu olugqityiweyo - kwaye ubuso abelusi.

Yenziwe ngoobani kunye nombala we icon

Icon "Ukuzalwa" yenziwe kwi, shades ezibuhlazarha-tyheli, emhlophe kwawo lomnquma. Ngale ukhetho imibala kunye shades yonke umfanekiso zibonakala enomoya kunye ngokuphezulu.

Xa iziko kuboniswa elele cinnabar ukhuko yethu Lady bambethe ingubo emnyama obomvu (mafory). Yena besadla, Esayama ingalo yakhe, wemka usana. Emva kwakhe, kuvela ngokucacileyo imvelaphi black emqolombeni, apho kwakukho iKrismesi. umfanekiso Andrei Rublev Icon kaMariya esoyisayo phezu kwezinye amanani ekwakhiweni.

Top ibonisa nursery, imelene ngqo esililini iNtombi. Usana Kristu zigutyungelwe kwi isigqubuthelo emhlophe, ibotshelelwe kunye cinnabar swaddle, nto leyo ibonisa ukuba olu sana - uMesiya. Icon "iKrismesi", ixabiso kunye nentsingiselo yalo ngokuqinisekileyo ecacileyo close, hayi kuphela amakholwa, kodwa ukuba abantu babe nolwazi kunye nembali ngemvelaphi Enkulu Amatheko.

Entla kwasekunene ibonisa iingelosi ezimbini lokubhiyozela ukuzalwa kukaKristu, kwelinye icala, kunye top - abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi emathathu ihashe. Kwi bhokisi asezantsi ekunene obonisa kwindawo ukuhlamba umntwana uYesu kunye nezicakakazi ezimbini. Okwangoku, i icon kuyo kwi Annunciation Cathedral of incwadi yesicelo "iKrismesi", apho ubona wonke.

imbali icon

Le icon wasindiswa ekutshatyalalisweni ngo-1960. UMlawuli Museum lommandla Nizhny Novgorod bayithabatha ngaphandle kwetempile kutshatyalaliswa, ngaloo ndlela ukonga ukuya ngoku. Ukusuka Nizhny Novgorod wobugcisa wasiwa ngasese eMoscow. Noko ke, restorers ikomkhulu ayingobantu nangoko akwazi ukuqaphela kwebali kuyinyaniso - iKrismesi. Icon Andrei Rublev Nanzo zimbelwe phantsi umaleko lwekhulu ezimibalabala 19.

imicimbi Iconography

Ukuzalwa kukaYesu Krestu - holide omkhulu kumaKristu kulo lonke ihlabathi ngawo onke amaxesha. Esi siganeko kwaphawula kokufika ukukhanya komSindisi. Noko ke, iingcibi Orthodox, ngokuhlonipha isithethe, kongezelelwa iinkcukacha zabo ezithile umsebenzi kubanika nemfezeko ngakumbi kwaye ifudumale. Lithatha izazi, umntwana ibhafu, iingelosi slavoslovyaschie ezihlobeneyo Ukubalisa isiganeko. Umsebenzi Andreya Rubleva ngumzekelo eyodwa Orthodox iconography wokuzalwa kukaKristu. Kukugcoba novuyo bazalisa amasiko kuphela zonqulo zanikezelwa kule mini, kodwa icon ye Yokuzalwa. ndlela yobu lo msitho isekelwe kwimigaqo oonobumba yaseByzantium, nto leyo luphawulwa ukubambelela ngokungqongqo izinqumo kunye nenkani ngqo.

Icons of the Amatheko wenze

Ukudalwa ngumzobi enkulu icon uphethe unelungelo indawo ebalulekileyo ebuncwaneni Russian zobugcisa Orthodox. imixholo uqhosha umbhali kuye apeyintwe umxholo efudumeleyo ngokweemvakalelo bulumko.

UKristu weKrismesi icons holiday icons ifakiwe kumjikelo: "I Annunciation", "iKrismesi", "Ukuhlanjululwa", "Ubhaptizo", "Le Ukukhulisa kukaLazaro", "kumila kumbi," "Entry eYerusalem". Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ubunini ezi zenzo Rublev ubuqambi ayiqinisekiswanga ngenxa ukuba, ukuba zenziwe ngokuthobela zonke iindlela copyright ezisetyenziswa opeyintayo umsebenzi wakhe.

LeKrismesi imisebenzi amanye amagcisa

Andrei Rublev wayengekho umbhali kuphela, xiendlakalo lexikulu onke amaKristu kuboniswa umsebenzi wakho. Isandla sakhe fanele kumzekelo edume lwemizobo eziphefumlelweyo kumxholo ngokuzalwa kukaMesiya: icon leKrismesi kaKristu. Inkcazelo yemisebenzi zabanye ababhali becala ephinda imixholo wobugcisa Rublev kaThixo. Le meko ubukhulu becala ngenxa yenyaniso yokuba esekelwe Rublev Moscow School of Umzobo yaba inani elikhulu labalandeli.

Bhetelehem Church of Yokuzalwa: Icon

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, uYesu IKrismesi - isiganeko enkulu, omnye embalwa wazibeka iziseko ukholo lwamaKristu. Oku yonke indlela iconography abunjwe nje kuphela, kodwa washiya uphawu enkulu phezu ngokwakha ibandla.

KwiCawa Yokuzalwa eBhetelehem sijongwa njengenye zonqulo ibhetele kwezakha zakho ezikhoyo zamaKristu. Yakhiwa 325 BC. e. kwisayithi emqolombeni apho, ngokutsho legend, wazalwa umntwana uYesu. Ngo-529, ibandla atshiswe ngexesha imvukelo wamaSamariya, kodwa kungekudala kwakhona ngokupheleleyo ebudeni bolawulo loMlawuli Justinian.

Enye yee icon abadumileyo yetempile luthathwa umfanekiso ngokungummangaliso ungowokubongwa Virgin Mary waseBhetelehem, ukwenza imithandazo bonke yabagula ngengqondo. oko ivuyela ukuthandwa efanayo icons Rublev ngayo iKrismesi phakathi amarhamente kunye nabakhenkethi. E Bethlehem, yokufika yonyaka abanquli amakhulu amawaka abantu.

iBEE Special yomfanekiso kukuba Virgin uMariya uvezwa kuyo bencumile, lo gama umzobo zonqulo zesithethe ubuso Lady kwethu kubonisa intlungu okanye iimvakalelo. Enye imisebenzi ebalaseleyo wadala kwezi izithethe, i icon "iKrismesi". Ixabiso zabalinganiswa yayo ukholo Orthodox ayikwazi nemikhuba.

Ngomhla kwiikholam 44 kwendlu kaThixo lungu image mirotochaschy boMsindisi, athi uMkristu elithembekileyo ingqalelo ngokungummangaliso.

Ibangela omangali- efanayo kunye nentlonelo njengoko icon ye Yokuzalwa. AmaKristu Orthodox ehlabathini lonke aye eBhetelehem ukubonakalisa imbeko kula ezingcwele. Umhombiso etempileni yasinda ebhanyabhanya ezixabisekileyo amaxesha noMlawuli uConstantine.

main indlu yenkonzo

Ingxenye esemqoka kwetempile - kumqolomba apho wazalwa Iisus Hristos. Indawo lokuzalwa kwakhe ephawulwe inkwenkwezi esilivere kumgangatho ezimbejembeje singqongwe izibane 15 ovuthayo. 5 kubo bangamalungu Armenia 4 - zamaKatolika no-6 - ihlelo obudala Greek. Cave abanzi, side, ubude balo - malunga 12 neemitha kunye nobubanzi - iimitha 4.

Ngakuye ke inkwenkwezi iKrismesi yitrone "yomkhombe oyiNgcwele", apho ubona umfanekiso njengomthwebeba kaYesu umntwana.