Njengoko abilayo amanzi kuyahlukana nedlela uxinzelelo

Kanene yintoni na emntwini waqalisa ubilise amanzi phambi kokuba awasele ngqo? Injalo loo nto, ukuze azikhusele nxamnye iintsholongwane ezininzi yayintsholongwane eyosulela kunye neentsholongwane. Le isithethe weza kummandla Russia zamaxesha phambi uPeter Omkhulu, nangona kukholelwa ukuba nguye lowo babefake samovar yokuqala kweli lizwe yaye yaqalisa ukuphumla izithethe iti kwemini. Enyanisweni, uhlobo samovars zabantu bethu ngakumbi uphuza yamandulo imifuno, amaqunube kunye neengcambu. Ukupheka afunekayo apha ikakhulu ngenxa nezokukhupha zezityalo luncedo kwizicatshulwa kunokuba for kweentsholongwane. Ngapha koko, ngelo xesha kwakungekho nokuba uyazi sekuba, apho ezi ntsholongwane baphila iintsholongwane. Noko ke, ngenxa uyipheke ilizwe lethu washiywa pandemics zehlabathi izifo ezoyikekayo, ezifana ikholera okanye ukubola komqala.

isikali Celsius

Great Meteorology, komhlaba kunye ngeenkwenkwezi Swedish Anders Tselsy ekuqaleni wasebenzisa ixabiso degrees 100 ukubonisa ukuba qhwa kwamanzi, phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, nencopho okubila amanzi sathathwa izidanga zero. Yaye emva kokufa kwakhe ngowe-1744, akukho ubuntu ngaphantsi ezaziwayo-kakuhle, yingcaphephe ngezityalo nengcaphephe uKarl Linney kunye Celsius Morten Shtremer receiver, wajika kwisikali ukuze kube lula ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Noko ke, ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, nto yenze ngokwayo Celsius ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe. Kodwa nayiphi na imeko nozinzo kwakunye zidanga ecacileyo nempembelelo ubukhulu yokusetyenziswa kwayo phakathi odume kunayo kwi yemisebenzi zobunzululwazi ixesha - ekhemisi. Kwaye, nangona nemicela yamanqaku isikali degrees 100 kucwangcisa amanzi ithumba ngokuthe kunokuba ekuqaleni yovalo yayo, isikali iye enkulu ukuthwala igama umdali wayo, Celsius.

emoyeni ephantsi

Noko ke, yonke into nje elula njengoko kubonakala xa efika kuqala. Ejonge nayiphi yemizobo karhulumente PT- okanye PS-zilungelelanise (S entropy ubushushu ezisebenzayo sixhomekeke ngqo), sinokubona indlela inxulumene amaqondo obushushu kunye noxinzelelo. Ngokufanayo, ukuba iqondo lokubila lamanzi, kuxhomekeke uxinzelelo ukutshintsha ixabiso layo. Kwaye nabani na ebona eqhelekileyo ngokupheleleyo le propati. Nabani na okhe wafunda ebomini bam phezu ukuphakama 2000-3000 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, uyayazi indlela ekunzima ngayo ukuphefumla ngokugabadelayo. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba eliphezulu simi, ukuba nje ukubhitya umoya uba. womoya iwela ngaphantsi umoya mnye (ngezantsi n. In., Oko kukuthi ngezantsi i "iimeko eziqhelekileyo"). Falls kunye iqondo lamanzi. Kuxhomekeka uxinzelelo kwi nganye eziphakamileyo oko ubilise njengokuba asibhozo, yaye amathandathu degrees Celsius.

cookers pressure

Qaphela, noba kunjani, ukuba nangona iintsholongwane eziphambili bafe amaqondo ngaphezu amathandathu izidanga Celsius kwaye kusinda ezininzi ngaphezu kweqondo asibhozo. Yiloo nto senza yethumba amanzi, oko kukuthi, siyisa kwithempritsha yayo ukuya ku 100 ° C. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izixhobo umdla ikhitshi zokunciphisa ixesha kunye shushu ulwelo ukuya kwiqondo eliphezulu ngaphandle ukubilisa kuyo kunye ukwehla kobunzima ngumphunga. Eqonda ukuba iqondo lokubila lamanzi, kuxhomekeke uxinzelelo ingahluka iinjineli US ngokusekelwe proto French thaca kwehlabathi 1920, lo cooker ingcinezelo. Umgaqo ukusebenza kwawo isekelwe kwinto yokuba isiciko ngokuqinileyo licinezelwe eludongeni, ngaphandle kokuba ithuba kususwa ngomphunga. Ngaphakathi koxinzelelo ophakamileyo idaliwe, yaye amanzi ayama bilisa kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu. Noko ke, loo Soup anobungozi kwaye kaninzi ekhokelela uqhushumbo ukutsha kakhulu kubasebenzisi.

Kungakuhle,

Makhe sijonge indlela uyeza aze eyipasile inkqubo. Khawucinge zokubasa kumphezulu kakuhle anencasa ngamabona ezinkulu, apho unikezelo ubushushu uniform (aphindwe ngamnye isikweri komhlaba wondla umlinganiselo ofanayo wamandla thermal), kwaye uburhabaxa umphezulu uyabaleka zero. Kulo mzekelo, n. y. yethumba ngendlela laminar umda umaleko ziza kuqalisa ngexesha elinye phezu lonke komhlaba kwaye kwenzeka nangoko, ngoko nangoko vaporizing iyunithi umthamo lonke ulwelo kumphezulu wayo. Ezi imiqathango efanelekileyo, oku kwenzeka ngokoqobo.

Enyanisweni,

Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni na iqondo lokuqala amanzi. Kuxhomekeka kocinezeleko kuye kwakhona litshintsha ixabiso layo, kodwa ingongoma ephambili apha ilele apha koko. Nokuba sithatha ndawo zimtyibilizi, kuluvo lwethu, pan kunye podnesom phantsi ngemicroscope, xa eyepiece sakhe siza kubona elintlangothi akulingani iincopho ezibukhali rhoqo ezivelileyo ngaphezu komhlaba engundoqo. Ubushushu nomphezulu nowezojiweyo ngepani, siya kuthathwa, sifakwa ngokufanayo, nangona enyanisweni akukho mazwi kakhulu ntiyiso. Naxa ipani imi phezu zisiza ngobukhulu ithambeka ubushushu esitovini na edyokhweni isasazwe, kwaye kusoloko kukho amabala ashushu onoxanduva amanzi abilayo ekuqaleni. Zingaphi degrees kulo mzekelo phezu komhlaba ntaba kunye kwekhosi kuyo? iincopho kumphezulu liqhawuke kwi Ebeka ubushushu lihlabe ngokukhawuleza nisin wabiza njalo-mihadi. Ngaphezu koko, engqongwe macala onke amanzi kubushushu obuphantsi, banikela amandla ngcono iimolekyuli zamanzi. Ngumlingani ngeencopho thermal ukuya amaxesha amabini ngaphezulu kunalawo nisin.

lobushushu

Kungenxa yoko iqondo lokuqala amanzi malunga asibhozo degrees Celsius. Xa eli xabiso zincopho kumphezulu bebetyiswa ezaneleyo isixa nobushushu efunekayo ukuze uyipheke lwephanyazo yamanzi kunye nokusekwa kwiqamza yokuqala, iliso okubonakalayo, nibasekele aqale ukuba banyukele kumphezulu. Yintoni abilayo lamanzi womoya - wacela ngabantu abaninzi. Impendulo yalo mbuzo anokufunyanwa kwiitheyibhile lula. Xa womoya abilayo iseti ezinzileyo kwi 99,9839 ° C.