Ngubani onguchwepheshe? Yintoni i-speleologist enokuyenza? Yintoni efundwa yi-speleologist?

Ngubani onguchwepheshe? Umbuzo ofanayo uvela kubantu abaninzi abaye baliva igama lenye yezinto eziyingozi kwaye zisebenzayo. Into ewukuthi lo awusona msebenzi oqhelekileyo, abakho abaqeqeshi benyaniso abaninzi, ngoko awanalo ukuthandwa ngokubanzi. I-Speleologists abanesibindi, abathandi bemvelo abangaqhelekanga ukuhlala ekhaya phambi kweTV. La bantu bahlala besendleleni, bafumana amandla abo kunye neentsholongwane zabo, benza indlela yabo kwiindawo eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni, bebeka ubomi babo emngciphekweni.

Intsingiselo yeengqungquthela zezifundo kukufunda emaphandleni, izizathu kunye neendlela zokuvela kwazo. Kwabanye, lolu hlobo lomsebenzi lubonakala ngathi luchitha ixesha, kodwa ngokwenene alunjalo. I-Speleologists yimiqathango ebonelela ngophando lweengcali-mlando, i-archaeologists, i-geologists kunye nezinye i-theorists.

Iyintoni inzululwazi ye-speleology?

I-Speleology yisebe le-geology ephonononga ukubunjwa, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, ubudala, i-ecosystem, i-morphology yemimango yemvelaphi yemvelo. Le nzululwazi ibaluleke kakhulu, kuba ivumela ukuphonononga ngokubanzi kwe-biology, imbali, i-hydrology, i-archeology, i-palaeontology. I-Speleology ibhekisela ekufundeni ukufuduka kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba, ukukhangela imithombo yamagesi, ukukhutshwa kwegesi yemvelo, i-magma. Ukuba ezininzi izazinzulu zenza uphando kuphela kwiphepha okanye kwii-laboratories ezixhobileyo, ngoko i-speleologists zihlala zihamba, zijikeleza ngehlabathi.

Ngubani ongu-speleologist?

Ngokuqhelekileyo unokuva umbuzo othi: "Ngubani na owenza ntoni?" Akumangalisi, ngenxa yokuba lo msebenzi unqabile kwaye awunqabile. Iingcali ezile ndawo zingenakudla ngokukhawuleza zikhutshwe yi-Faculty of Geology. Nangona kunjalo phakathi kweengcali zephrologists zikhona abantu abane-diploma efanelekileyo, nangona ininzi yabo i-physicists. Ezi zengcali zisebenzela inzuzo yoqoqosho kunye nesayensi, ekuncediseni ekuphuhlisweni nasekuphuculeni kwezi ndawo.

Abameli be-science ye-speleology abakwazi ukuhlala kwiilayibrari zeentsuku, kuba ixhoba labo eliyinhloko zixhobo eziqokelelwe kwiindwendwe. Abenzi naluphi na ukucinga, kodwa bafuna ubungqina beengcamango zesayensi. Emva koko, iisampuli zezityalo okanye amatye afunyenwe emaphandleni anokuphikisa okanye aqinisekise inyaniso yembali equlunqwe ngumfundi wezemfundo.

Kwabo banqwenela ukuzidela kule nzululwazi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yintoni umqhubi wekhwenkethi, kuba lo msebenzi ufuna izakhono ezithile. Iingcali kufuneka zomelele ngokwasemzimbeni nasekuziphatheni, kuba ukusebenza rhoqo kubalulekile kwiimeko ezinobungozi obuphezulu. I-Speleologists ziphela ziphelile, zifuna ukuhamba. Lo msebenzi awuchazi intuthuzelo, umhla oqhelekileyo wokusebenza, kunye neendwendwe ngokwazo zingapheli ngaphezu kweenyanga, ngoko ke iingcali kufuneka zilungele ukuhamba kwexesha elide.

Izixhobo ze-speleologist

Oko i-speleologist enokuyenza kungekhona nje ngezakhono ezithile, kodwa kunye nezixhobo. Okokuqala, kufuneka uthenge iimpahla ezifanelekileyo. Umntu okhululekileyo uya kuziva e-overalls, izinto kufuneka zivumeleke emoyeni, zihlale zifudumele, zikhusele kumanxungu, zingabangeli ubundlobongela okanye ukucaphuka. Inkqubo yokukhusela ifanele ibe yenzelwe umntu othabatha inxaxheba kwihambo kunye neqela lonke.

Ukuhlola amacango kusebenza ebumnyameni, oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ufumane i-flashlight esemgangathweni kunye nesethi yamatribhethi kunye nezibane. Intambo yokukhanya iyadingeka, i-speleologists ifake enye umda wayo ukuya emnyango, ivula i-coil njengoko ihamba, ngoko kulula ukufumana indlela yokuphuma kwaye ingalahleki kwi-labyrinth yamaninzi amaninzi. Oko i-speleologist yenzayo, ibuye ithathe i-descents constant and ascents, ngamanye amaxesha nakwiindonga ezinqamlekileyo, ngoko ke izixhobo kufuneka zibe nekhono elinamandla kwaye elide. Ukuqhuba uphando, uya kufuna kwakhona iphepha, ipensela, ikhampasi kunye nemephu. Kakade, kufuneka uzinakekele izinto zokukhusela.

Speleotourism

I-Speleology ayiyona nje into efunekayo kwaye inzulu, kodwa kwanomsebenzi othakazelisayo kubantu abanomdla osebenzayo. Namhlanje i-speleotourism ithandwa kakhulu kubantu abafuna ukujwayelana nemingxuma, jonga ngaphantsi kwemifula yamanzi kunye namachibi, ama-grottoes, amaqula, kunye nokuqonda oko i-speleologist yenzayo. Ngaphambi kokuba ingcali ikhona imisebenzi yophando, uyakhuphukela emqolombeni ukuze enze indlela, ukukhipha amaminerali endalo, ukwenza ezinye iimbali zembali nezezinto zakudala.

I-speleologist isebenza kwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu, ezifuna amandla omzimba, ubuchule, ukuzimela, ubuchule kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza. I-Speleoturism, ngokuqinisekileyo, ayifanelekanga kubantu ababuthathaka nabagulayo, kodwa ayifuni ubukho bezakhono zobugcisa kunye nezakhono, abahanjethi bayahamba kunye neengcali kwiindlela ezifundwe kakuhle kwaye bacinge nje ngobuhle obujikelezayo. Ngelo xesha, ubomi babantu abuyisongelo.

Iimpawu ze-speleotourism

"Ngubani na?" - soloko ucela abantu abatsha abaqala ukuva igama lo msebenzi owonakalisayo kodwa onomdla kakhulu . Abagcini kuphela abaqeqeshiweyo, kodwa nabaxhamli bangakwazi ukuqhelana nobugcisa obudalwe yendalo. Ngokukodwa kule njongo kwakukho uhlobo olunjalo lokuzonwabisa, njengengqungquthela. Esi sikhokelo sinempawu ezithile ezifanele ziqwalaselwe ngabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba behambo:

• Kwiimingcwaba mnyama, ngoko kufuneka ubeke imithombo kwimithombo yokukhanya.
• Ubunzima beendlela buxhomekeke kwimimandla, iindawo ezincinci, imithombo enzulu, amachibi angaphantsi komhlaba okanye imilambo inokuvela endleleni.
• Ngexesha lohambo kukho izinga eliphezulu lokuzimela.
• Imiqolomba ineqondo eliphantsi kunye nomswakama ophezulu.

Ubuhle, ukuvula amehlo oogqirha

I-speleologist ngumsebenzi obonisa ubuhle obungenakulinganiswa bendawo. Unyaka wonyaka wamanzi emva kweeminyaka ezidlulileyo, wenza izinto eziyingqayizivele. Amanye amathoba, ngokukodwa asebekhulile, anzulu ubunzulu ukungena ehholo, iingcali kufuneka zinyanzele imichilo emincinci, zenze iindawo ezihamba ngamanzi, zijike emanzini abandayo emithombo. Kodwa oko ubona kukufanelekile konke oku, kuba ngamanye amaxesha kukho iindidi ezinjalo, ubuhle obungenakufaniswa naluphi na indlu yasebukhosini.

Ukubunjwa kwamabhoba akuyeki, ukuhla kwamanzi, kudlula emhlabeni, ukuxubusha kwiindonga, ukuchithwa kwamaminerali, ukwakha izisombululo, apho i-crystals iphuma khona. Iimpawu, i-stalagmites, i-stalactites, i-corallites, ukubetha ngobuhle kunye nobukhulu bayo, ayidalwanga unyaka kwaye kungekhona iminyaka elishumi, kodwa ngamawaka eminyaka, ekhulayo i-drop by drop. Emva kokutyelela ubuncinane kanye emqolombeni, uya kuqonda ukuba yintoni umsebenzi we-speleologist okwenzayo, le mi phefumlo ikhaliphe ihlola umhlaba.

Speleotherapy

Amangcwaba awanomdla nje kuphela kwizenzululwazi nakubhenkethi, kodwa nakwabantu abagulayo, kuba i-microclimate yabo ekhethekileyo iyakwazi ukunyanga. I-Speleotherapy inomlando omde, imbali yayo ingaphezu kwe-2,5 leminyaka. Ithabatha ixesha elide lomntu kwi-microclimate yeetyuwa zeemayini, amagquma karst. Isetyenziselwa unyango kunye nemithombo yamanzi ephantsi komhlaba, njengoko zibonakaliswe yimisakazo. Yiyiphi i-speleologist efundwayo ayikho into enzululwazi kuphela, kodwa kunye neyeza. Izigidi zabantu ehlabathini lonke ziye zabuyiselwa kwizifo zokuphefumula, zomeleze ukukhuseleka komzimba, kwaye zifumene kwakhona. Imihlathi yemvelo ingenye yeendawo zokuhlala zezulu zezona ndawo.

Into eyenziwa yiOceanologist

I-speleologist ngumntu ophonononga phantsi komhlaba, kodwa ngubani oceanologist? Sekuqaleni kwesi sihloko kucacile ukuba ulawulo lomsebenzi walo luhlangene nolwandle. Ezi zengcali zilandela isimo se-shelf kunye nezantsi, abameli bee-fauna namanzi, phantsi kweenkqubo ezivela ngaphantsi kwamanzi. Izinto eziveliswe ngama-oceanologists zisetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa kwi-hydrotechnics, i-fishery, kunye ne-biology. I-theorists yenza izibikezelo, kodwa iingcali zibonisa iinyani zangempela ezivumela ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokulondoloza iintlobo zezilwanyana ezisengozini yokuphila kwamanzi.

Yintoni edibanisa i-oceanologist kunye ne-speleologist?

I-oceanologist, i-speleologist yintoni, kwaye yintoni eyenzayo? Abantu abangafundile banokucinga ukuba lo msebenzi awuyiyo yonke into, efana ne-hobby, ukubonelela ngexesha lokuzonwabisa okanye amanqaku okudubula phantsi kwamanzi okanye emaphandleni. Enyanisweni, umsebenzi wezobuchwephesha kunye nama-oceanologists asetyenziswa ngamagatsha amaninzi enzululwazi. Siyabonga ngabafundi abatsha abavela kwixesha elidlulileyo bavulwa, okwangoku kuboniswe ngokucacileyo, ukubikezelwa okuthembekileyo kwenziwa kwithuba elizayo. I-oceanologist kunye ne-speleologist yimiba eqhelekileyo eyayizikhusela izinto eziyingozi kunye nobungozi.