Ngoku zombane ukuzala: imvelaphi yayo, iimpawu kunye nemigangatho

Phantse wonke umntu uyakwazi ukuchaza indlela intshukumo zombane yangoku kwe ngamasuntswana icala. Noko ke, inyaniso kukuba imvelaphi kunye nentshukumo ngawo ezahlukeneyo bume yahluke kakhulu enye kwenye. Ingakumbi, le ombane ukuzala abanezinye iipropati eziliqela ngaphandle isindululo wayalela amasuntswana icala. Sithetha izinikezeli zalo efanayo.

Umahluko ophambili kukuba zangoku ulwelo - ukuhamba ion icala, okt athom okanye molekyuli, nto leyo ngenxa yesizathu esithile baye bafa okanye baba electron. Kulo mzekelo, ngenye yale intshukumo kukuba ukutshintsha iimpawu iziyobisi, nto leyo ibandakanya ezi ion. Ngokusekelwe kwenkcazo umbane, kuthathwa ukuba ngexesha yokubola ion kakubi ebizwayo uza kusebenzela ezakhayo umthombo wamandla, kwaye ezintle, ezinxamnye ezingakhiyo.

Inkqubo siqala isisombululo molecule ion ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ifunyenwe Isihloko Science dissociation electrolytic. Ngoko ke, i yangoku yombane kwenzeka ngenxa ulwelo ukuba, ngokuchaseneyo kwicingo metal enye, ukutshintsha ubume kunye imichiza iimpawu zezi ulwelo, nto leyo inkqubo ezihamba ion.

ngoku zombane ukuzala, imvelaphi yayo, zombini iimpawu ubuninzi nobulunga aye ingxaki enkulu, leyo kudala wabandakanyeka ekufundeni yamachiza odumileyo Michael Faraday. Ngokukodwa, ngokubonisa ngee-eksperimenti ezininzi, kwenzeka ukungqina ukuba ubunzima wenkqu electrolytic uxhomekeke ngqo kubungakanani umbane kunye nexesha apho electrolysis yenziwa. On naziphi na ezinye izizathu, ngaphandle sodidi wenkqu, oku komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni intlama.

Ngaphezu koko, ngokufundisisa ngoku ukuzala, Faraday ngokomfuniselo bafumanisa ukuba ngenxa Ukuqhela obunzima buyikhilogram enye nayiphi na into ngethuba electrolysis kufuneka inani elifanayo izityholo zombane. Esi sixa ilingana 9.65 • Julayi 10., Wafumana igama Faraday.

Ngokungafaniyo izinikezeli yesinyithi, umbane ukuzala singqongwe iimolekyuli amanzi, nto leyo kakhulu nzima intshukumo ion kweziyobisi. Kulo mba, nayiphi na electrolyte unako ukwenza ombane yangoku encinane kuphela. Ngelo xesha, ukuba iqondo lobushushu ukunyuka isisombululo, ukunyuka zayo conductivity, kwaye i zombane nokunyuka endle.

Electrolysis inomnye umsebenzi umdla. Eyona nto kukuba amathuba kuwohloka zinemoletyhule ethile ibe ion ezilungileyo nezingalunganga iphezulu, kokukhona inani molecule isinyibilikisi kunye nempahla ngokwayo. Ngelo xesha, ngaxa ezinye kufika ion supersaturation yesisombululo, ebezikuyo conductivity isisombululo iqala ukuhla. Ngoko ke, lo olunzima kakhulu dissociation electrolytic luya kuqhubeka isisombululo apho xi ion iphantsi kakhulu kodwa ngobunzulu yombane zangoku izisombululo ezinjalo luphantsi kakhulu.

inkqubo electrolysis sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo nezoshishino ezinxulumene abasabela electrochemical. Phakathi ebalulekileyo kuzo ziquka ukulungiselela metal nge electrolysis electrolyte ityuwa, chlorine kunye nezakhi zayo, reactions redox efunekayo ukuze izinto ezifana hydrogen, ipolishi imiphezulu electroplating. Umzekelo, kumashishini amaninzi, ubunjineli matshini kunye isixhobo kakhulu indlela eliqhelekileyo yokucokisa nto leyo kulungiselelwa kwensimbi ngaphandle ukungcola okungafunekiyo.