Neemali zangaphandle of Ukraine: manani kunye nesakhiwo

Ubume bale oovimba zegolide yelizwe ngalinye ziquka igolide lwemali. Kwakhona rhoqo ibandakanyiwe, kunye nezinye ii-asethi. Kumazwe aphuhlileyo, isakhiwo yovimba zegolide lungabandakanya imina British kwaye ke franc Swiss, yen kunye nezinye iimali ezinkulu ehlabathini. Umgaqo-Central Bank kugqiba ukwakhiwa kwendawo egciniweyo. Ngelo xesha ngaphezu uzinzo kuqoqosho karhulumente, i iphezulu ipesenti zegolide koovimba zalo ngegolide. Ukuba imali ayikho izinzile kakhulu, nkqu reserve urhulumente uya kuba kratya okukhulu iimali amakhulu angaphandle.

Ubume bale oovimba igolide amazwe

Ubume koovimba begolide yahluke kuyaphi ukusuka kurhulumente ukuya kurhulumente. Idatha yakutshanje ezisemthethweni ngoJanuwari 1, 2014 zibonisa ubunzima ilandelayo ethile impahla yegolide;

• Melika - 70%.
• Germany - 66%.
• France - 64,9%.
• EU - umlinganiselo 55.2%.
• Russia - 7.8%.
• Ukraine - 8%.

Apha siphawula ukuba kunciphiso ixabiso metal axabisekileyo yabhalwa kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto yokuba lokubaluleka ngegolide njengoko asethi lubalaseleyo imibuzo emininzi. Ukuba lilizwe elisakhulayo, oko kusengqiqweni ukuba bazalise egciniweyo iimali eziphambili zehlabathi, ngenxa yokuba kwikhondo labo likhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. benkampani ngophuhliso States yokukhutshwa kwemali zehlabathi, ezizezi, amatye anqabileyo ukhetha xa kusenziwa oovimba zegolide. Ukongeza intsimbi kunye lwemali koovimba igolide kuquka amalungelo awodwa umzobo zeIMF quota kunye norhulumente.

Ubonelelo Ukraine ngo-2014

oovimba International of Ukraine ngo-2014, ngokutsho data ezipapashwe ziyahambelana elingana 16.2 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi. Isizathu sokwanda mali yinkqubo ka "kuma-yi" yi-International Monetary Fund. IMF iye bucala izigidi 978,42 zeerandi urhulumente. Ngeendleko zebhanki yesizwe lizwe million 397,55 zeerandi. Okuhambisa kwabangelwa kwizibophelelo lizwe ukwenza iintlawulo ukuba uhlawule ityala imali yelinye ilizwe. Ngexesha nyanga, ngokusebenzayo i-National Bank iphenjelelwa imali kwimarike exchange angaphandle. Yena ezenzelwe ukuthengiswa yamazwe angaphandle kweli mali $ 833,74 million, kwaye uthenge yayo 98,30 million. Le ntshukumo format yayijoliswe smoothing umyinge wokuphelelwa lwemali kazwelonke.

Ukunciphisa zolondolozo zegolide ngo-2015

neemali zangaphandle ka Ukraine, nangona ukwanda yoxumano engalindelekanga ekwindla ka-2014, ngoDisemba yehle ngomyinge 7.5 billion zeerandi. Ukuba uyakholwa manani ezisemthethweni, ngoJanuwari 1, 2015 umthamo loovimba ngamazwe wema 7.533 billion. Ukuvavanya imeko reserve uyakwazi kuphonononga xesha linye kunyaka ophelileyo.

Ngoko ke, ngoDisemba 2014 koovimba zegolide kwimali elingana ukuya dollar bema 9,965,95 billion. Njengoko ipesenti iyonke izinto zikarhulumente kunyaka lehle nge-24.41%. currency amazwe oovimba kwawa $ 9 billion ukuya $ 959.950.000 6.000.000.000 618.370.000. neemali zangaphandle Ukraine ayingobantu evuzayo kwi amalungelo zokuzoba, apho bobabini accounted for million 3,78 zeerandi, yaye namhlanje. Kukho ukunyuka okungephi asethi dollar-esibizwa 903.840.000 elilingana 911 090 000. State Reserve isikhundla IMF wahlala phezu kwirekhodi kwezigidi 0.03 zeerandi.

Lenza ntoni urhulumente?

Ngokutsho kwabasemagunyeni abanobuchule, le unciphiso kungenxa ngexesha ngokupheleleyo umthamo lokuhlawula ityala likarhulumente kunye NBU yamanye amazwe. UNIAN ingxelo ukuba oovimba zegolide lehle nge-51,19% (10,450 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi) ekuqaleni 2015.

Novemba nemiphumela isenokunganambitheki xa uyicinga, njengoko neemali zangaphandle Ukraine, apho amanani bekusoloko ngaphakathi kuluhlu eziqhelekileyo, ngoNovemba, ngokulula updated bukhulu babo eli-10 edlulileyo. Kutshanje, "umzimba" asethi ukuba inqanaba sabhalwa ngoDisemba 2004 kwi 9.715 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi. National Bank ufaneleke imeko yentlawulo lwentlawulo ukusuka 'Naftogaz Ukraine "lwerhasi amazwe. Ngaphezu koko, inkonzo ngendlela uhlawule urhulumente currency amazwe amatyala, kuquka i-IMF.

igalelo elibalulekileyo le meko wenza ungenelelo hryvnia kwi kwimarike ozalwa ngayo. neemali zangaphandle Ukraine baqalisa ukuba ukwehla kwangethuba 2013. Ngelo xesha, ukuba sagged ngomhla 16,83% okanye 4.130 billion. Wezulu Valerie Gontareva ukwanda kakhulu e-zolondolozo zegolide ngo-2015 kuye wabethwa ukusilela epheleleyo.

Imiphumo ekunciphiseni koovimba zegolide

neemali zangaphandle Ukrainian, nto leyo igrafu kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo ukuwa-phantsi umlinganiswa, ibe nefuthe elibi kuqoqosho karhulumente xa iyonke. Ukunciphisa neyintsika yoqoqosho lwasekhaya ogqwetha ukuqiniseka kudala panic eluntwini.

Le ukutenxa wemvula kwishedyuli reserve lwenzeke ngenxa kunyulo ezingacwangciswanga. Ukubambelela okungqongqo kwisicwangciso kuya ngokupheleleyo ukutshintsha simo. Ukraine ukuba urhulumente reserve kangangoko apho namhlanje, ngokutsho abantu abagunyazisiweyo, akukho ngxaki yehlabathi. Isizathu sethemba ukuba IMF ngokwayo ngenkuthalo ixhasa indawo apho ubungakanani asethi yelizwe iya kulingana 23 ezigidi zeerandi. Urhulumente efanayo kakhulu Uyayiqwalasela ngemfano $ 15 ezigidi.

Kwenzeka ntoni namhlanje?

Okwangoku, neemali zangaphandle Ukraine zawela emangalisayo, ukuba ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo -umlenze ezayo evela EU ne IMF. izinga Exchange ukuba kancane kancane, ityala likarhulumente aliyeki ukukhula. Kulo mzekelo, sitsho ngengqiniseko ukuba emali kunye nokusilela ityala layo lobunganga kwaye ayiyi kubakho.

Malunga isimo esibi kweli lizwe ithi ukunqanda ukupapashwa manani liqela analytical Da Vinci AG. Le nkampani ukususela ngo-2010 ukulungiselela ukuba uqikelelo ngekota woovimba zegolide, kodwa kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka wama-2014 ishiywe ngokupheleleyo efunisela yayo ngokunxulumene nembonakalo ezimbi kakhulu. Le meko, ngokutsho iingcali ezininzi, into enxulumene nemiba engakhiyo emi-6 edluleyo kummandla kumazwe angaphandle mveliso.

Xa lo mkhuba uye phantsi emhlabeni?

oovimba International of Ukraine ngo-2014 asezantsi kakhulu kunokuba bekulindelwe. Ngokutsho kweengcali, isiqhelo ekunciphiseni asethi sabekwa ngo-2011. Ine- esibophelelayo ngqo kwi ezingentlanga Donbas. Iziganeko ezenzeka kulo ngasempumalanga lizwe, esebenza njenge ngunobangela imeko yangoku, ayeza kuba kutyhilwa kunyaka 2017-2018.

Gold bucala Ukraine babonisa nemiba efana nendawo ezithunyelwa Ukrainian ukuya kwimarike yehlabathi ngethuba elisusela kwi-2000 ukuya ku-2014. Kuphela kwinkalo yokunyibilikisa isinyithi lokuthengisa phesheya ukususela ngo-2007 ukuya 2013 Sehle ubuncinane 25%. Amaxabiso wafikelwa kangange-30%. Abathengi eYurophu Asia ziye kakhulu kwanciphisa imiyalelo. Ngaxeshanye, urhulumente MENA waqalisa ukwandisa amandla esebenzayo.

Ukuwa koovimba begolide: izinto kunokwenzeka

neemali zangaphandle Ukraine kaThixo ngenene ziwile, kodwa hayi nje kuphela ngenxa imeko yezoqoqosho ehlabathini, yaye ngenxa yokwehla imveliso nentengiso kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Isizathu sokuba ziyenzeka ezinxulumene ngqo ngeranti ezisisigxina ezabelwe imali yesizwe, ukuya yokunqongophala kutshintsho loqoqosho, ukuqhubeka iirhafu nkqubo yi izibonelelo zoqoqosho kunye nokuncipha engumzekelo ubunzima yabo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. An meko efanayo kushishino kwemichiza kwaye sobunjineli ngoomatshini.

Ukuncitshiswa zolondolozo - yinto kwizimanga zendalo. Ukuqhubela phambili kwale ntlekele ngo-2014 kungqamane kwisebe eCrimea kunye umlo empumalanga. isimo esibi lonke eli lizwe yashiya uphawu koovimba igolide Ukraine. October 2014 kwaba kukwehla zendalo kuphela emva okukunyusa ka-2008-2009, xa uqoqosho karhulumente kwatyatyamba ngenxa uncedo lwemali amazwe esebenzayo.

Yintoni ukuguqula le meko?

Imeko e Ukraine, kuquka unciphiso olukhulu yacwangciswa zolondolozo zegolide, ufuna impendulo ngokukhawuleza seyingenelele ngoncedo NBU. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuzinzisa le meko kumaziko zemali ezininzi zorhwebo, kuquka sijonge ukusungulwa wolawulo okwethutyana. iimeko ezithile ezifuna ukuqondwa ngokusesikweni yimali, ngaphandle ukuzama ukulungisa le meko iindleko zemali. Ukuhlanganiswa imarike zemali - oku imeko kakhulu, nto leyo efuna ukususwa amaziko ezincinane zemali ngaphandle isiseko amakhulu abathengi ukusuka kurhwebo lwasekhaya. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba National Bank ayinayo akumgangatho esomelela ngeranti. Iintshukumo kwinqanaba leKhabhinethi kunye National Bank ukutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kunye nokukhuthaza kumazwe angaphezu kwama ebalulekileyo.

Yintoni kugwetywa ngokwemigaqo zolondolozo zegolide Ukraine?

Ndingowenzala oovimba ngamazwe Ukraine lubonisa isitokhwe yamandla-mali karhulumente. Idiposithi kwaye bachitha imali evela reserve NBU kuphela. Eyona njongo iphambili ye-asethi - lo lokuphelisa yokushota weemali yohlengahlengiso lwentlawulo kuphela ngenjongo yokuba ukuphunyezwa ungenelelo. Izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze ihambo lwemisebenzi yotyalo-kwimarike exchange angaphandle ukuphembelela iqondo lwemali kazwelonke. Gold kunye lwemali oovimba nga ngokuba sokuphepha sezimali lwemali kazwelonke, esebenzisa apho urhulumente akakwazi kuphela ukomeleza lwemali kazwelonke, kodwa ukuzinzisa oko.

Ukuwa oovimba ngokucacileyo ibonisa ukuba NBU ngenkuthalo ichitha esebenzayo kakhulu ekuzameni ukuxhasa izinga lotshintshiselwano hryvnia kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuncipha kwii-inventri nga ngokuba mkhwa uyingxaki, ebonisa imposiso emali. ukunciphisa Uluhlu lubonisa amathuba eliphezulu lokukhula dollar kanye euro, njengoko urhulumente nje akunakho ukuxhasa umyinge wokuphelelwa lwemali kazwelonke. It igcwele ukugqitywa olupheleleyo neemali zangaphandle kunye kungagqibekanga koqoqosho. Nangona uqikelelo HIV, ukunyuka kanye koovimba begolide abalindelekanga.