Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Teffi

XX ikhulu izele ubuntu abemkileyo uphawu negalelo elibonakalayo kwimbali ekuphuhliseni uluntu luphela. Great kwesayensi inzululwazi nobugcisa ... Internet Wireless mobile kunye nobizo mda kunxibelelwano mobile - Njengesiphumo esithe ngqo phando. Kodwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ugxininiso yabekwa kuphela ithekhinoloji. Kubalulekile ukuba icandelo lenkcubeko yoluntu. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuvela uncwadi, Kakade ke, ehamba njengesiqhelo, ngokwenene savela ngenxa amagama abanetalente abaseleyo ukukhunjulwa kwabo abayithanda iprozi nemibongo kwinkulungwane XX ekuqaleni.

Kwaye enye yezi kwabantu Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Teffi, nee Lokhvitskaya, yaye indoda yakhe - Buchynska. Yena wazalwa Meyi 9 (kunye nenye idata - 27 Epreli) 1872 kwisixeko St. Petersburg (apho idatha nayo ezahlukeneyo, njengoko iingxelo ukuba wabonakala ukukhanya kwiphondo Volyn khona). Umbhali elizayo yaba intombi kakuhle yaziwa ngexesha unjingalwazi wolwaphulo mthetho, yaye ukongezelela, nayo abapapashi kulindixesha "iGazethi yezeeJaji" AV Lokhvitsky. Kwakhona Ithemba - udade kakhulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle poetess esaziwa (nee Mary) Lokhvitskaya (ukuba naye ngelo xesha ngokuba 'Russian Sappho ").

Gama "Taffy" satyikitywa amabali yokuqala ahlekisayo, kwakunye umdlalo "umba lwabaseTyhini", owayebonakele ngo-1907. Kodwa kumbongo, leyo emva 1901 yaye wangenela Lokhvitskaya, nangona kunjalo, epapashwe phantsi kwegama lakhe intombi le langoku.

Ngemvelaphi lesiqhulo "Taffy" isekhona eyay. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe iyodwa, oko iya ngqo nje kwikhaya uWele umkhonzi Lohvitsky endala - Stepan (intsapho yakhe ekuthiwa Steffy), kodwa ke imibongo ka Rudyard Kipling, uThandeka njengoko «Taffy waba walesman / Taffy eyisela». Kodwa ke amabali kunye nemifanekiso ezithe wabonakala ngenxa yenu kule Utyikityo, baba kakhulu othandwa pre-olululo eRashiya, ngoko ngaxa lithile khona iziqholo nkqu kunye epha ngokuba "Taffy".

Taffy kwashicilelwa magazini "Satyricon" kwaye i "New Satyricon" ukususela umba wabo wokuqala, eyapapashwa ngo-Apreli 1908, ekunene ukuya ukuvalwa ncwadi ngo-Agasti 1918, ukwenzela umbhali yokuqokelelwa volume-ezimbini amabali ahlekisayo, eyapapashwa ngowe-1910, nto leyo ke ilandelwa yi nengqokelela ezininzi kakhulu ( "okuvezwa", "umsi ngaphandle umlilo", owayebonakele ngo-1914, kwakunye "irhamncwa ezingaphiliyo ', ebhalwe-1916), Taffy ukusuka kanye ekuqaleni uye wazuza bakujonge ngumbhali olungileyo-natured, uhlakaniphile, kwaye neliso elibukhali kakhulu. Bakholwa ukuba abanye ababhali izahlule yinto ukuqonda okunzulu ubuthathaka babantu, inceba yakhe nemfesane eningenakukholwa ukuba abalinganiswa zabo ombhabhamo obutsha.

Taffy waba uhlobo oluthandayo ezincinane, leyo yayisekelwe inkcazelo indawo ehlekisayo ezingephi. incwadi yakhe volume-mbini, waqalisa ukuba epigraph of "Yokuziphatha" B.Spinozy ukuba ngokuchanileyo kakhulu ezininzi emisebenzini yabo imisela inowuthi yayo: "Kuba ukuhleka - kukho uvuyo, yaye ngenxa yoko ke eyedwa - intsikelelo."

Lidla ixesha elifutshane abavakalelwa ngayo inguqu, apho waba ngo-1905 kwenza iqala ukubhala Taffy asebenzisane iphephandaba yamaBolshevik "New Life", kungekho mkhondo olubonakalayo umsebenzi wakhe zange ashiye. Azizingenisanga zona iziphumo ezibambekayo kunye ubugcisa kunye nemizamo yayo ukuze babhale satires zentlalo iingxaki mlonyeni, leyo iphephandaba "igama Russian" kulindeleke yi Taffy. Apho yapapashwa, ukususela ngowe-1910. Ngelo xesha, intloko iphephandaba "uKumkani amabali ahlekisayo" - V. Doroshevich ngokwakhe, Kakade ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngokuphuma italente Taffy ngokufanelekileyo wakha wathi ukuba 'engento ngakumbi ihashe Arabiya ukuba ithwalwe ngazo amanzi. "

Kunye umbhali satirikonovtsem ezithandwayo Averchenko ekupheleni kuka-1918, Taffy waqhubeka kangangexesha elithile eKiev, apho ekuqaleni ukuqhuba bavela yoluntu, ngoko, emva koko lweminyaka enye enesiqingatha ebebhadula kumazantsi Russia (ngokusebenzisa Odessa, Novorossiysk kunye Ekaterinodar) ukuba kufikelelwe, ekugqibeleni, ngenxa eConstantinople ngokwayo ekunene ukuya ku Paris. Kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Iinkumbulo" (epapashwe ngo-1931), nto leyo a kwimbali yobomi ngengqiqo emitsha yelizwi, kodwa ibali ngokuphila kunokuba kuphela, Taffy wakwazi ngokucacileyo nangokupheleleyo kutsha yonke indlela lokuphambukela kwabo, babhala ukuba akazange alilahle ithemba elikhawulezayo babuyele buhlungu in eMoscow wakhe.

Zombini e iprozi kwaye idrama Taffy emva yokushiywa yakhe ngokumangalisayo yaphakamisa abathile, nokuba mibala kabuhlungu kancinane lusizi. Akumangalisi oku, kuba elangazelela ilizwe lakhe lokuzalwa - enye amandla iingxaki ngokweemvakalelo abavela ezininzi. Kwaye hayi kuphela. Wenza ntoni xa ixesha elide musa ukubiza izihlobo nezalamane zakho, andazi kwenzeka ntoni kubo? Injalo loo nto, ukuba abe ligqabi uxinezelekile, akusayi kufumana indawo ngokwakhe.

Ithoni amabali Taffy ngokwandileyo idibanisa esaziwayo nzima yaye ngoko nangoko liyachitha. Ngokutsho kuninzi umbhali, eli lixesha inzima, nto ithe ngenxa isizukulwana yayo, phofu nangayiphi na indlela ukwazile ukutshintsha umthetho ongunaphakade, nto leyo maxa wambi kwakuba nzima ukwahlula uvuyo kwabenzi buhlungu, ixesha elide ukuba kungakho into enjalo ngaphambili.

Kwixa elizayo, i-Second War World kunye nomsebenzi koko Taffy asinda ngaphandle kokushiya Paris. Noko ke, ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha kunjalo wavuma ukuthetha nokufunda imisebenzi yabo kubaphulaphuli abavela kwamanye saa, nto leyo iba ngonaphakade ngaphantsi ngonyaka ngamnye. Kaloku, kwiminyaka yayo post-imfazwe Taffy yaba kwimbali yobomi imizobo uxakeke kakhulu ababephila ngexesha labo lokuqala - ukusuka Aleksandra Kuprina kunye uKonstantin Balmont ukuya Grigoriya Rasputina.

Ubomi Taffy waya Paris ngo-Oktobha 6, 1952, eshiya ngasemva intsholongwane inkcubeko enkulu ukukhulela ixesha elide, de ekugqibeleni, hayi ephothiweyo ngokupheleleyo Naselukakayini uncwadi iitalente oyinyaniso.