Microcontroller ESP8266: connecting kunye nokuqwalasela

sele abasebenzisi abaninzi bakwazi ukuba kuphethulela ingqalelo yayo ESP8266-12 chip eyakhutshwa Espressif. Ixabiso kutshiphu kakhulu ikhadi standard Bluetooth-iadaptha, yaye imilinganiselo emincinane, uye waba iimpawu kakhulu. Ke kaloku bonke abalandeli ekhaya lwanikwa ithuba ukusebenza womnatha Wi-Fi ngeendlela ezimbini, oko kukuthi, ukuqhagamshela ikhompyutha yakho naziphi na iindawo zokungena okanye ziquka njengoko ingongoma.

Kwelinye icala, kufuneka baqonde kakuhle ukuba yintoni na ezi amakhadi hayi nje Shield, yenzelwe kuphela kunxibelelwano nge Wi-Fi. Wona ESP8266 kukodwa microcontroller, nto leyo eye UART yayo, GPIO kunye SPI-interface, oko kukuthi zingasetyenziswa njenge izixhobo noziqulathe-ngokupheleleyo. Ezininzi emva chip wayibiza ngokuba revolution oyinyaniso, yaye ekuhambeni kwexesha, izixhobo ezinjalo ziza kwakhiwa kude ngayo iifayile ezininzi ezisisiseko zobugcisa, kodwa okoko nje isixhobo intsha noko kunye firmware abazinzileyo akunjalo. Iingcali ezininzi ehlabathini lonke uzama ukuba zizakhele firmware bakho, ngenxa yokuba ukugcwalisa kubo ngokwenene ophetheyo ayikho nzima, kodwa nangona iingxaki ezahlukeneyo, isixhobo ngoku kubizwa ngokuba kakhulu alungele ukusetyenziswa.

Okwangoku, siza kuqwalasela iindlela ezimbini kuphela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwale kwimodyuli:

• Ukusebenzisa ibhodi udibanise kunye microcontroller ezongezelelweyo, okanye ikhompyutha, eza kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa UART umnqongo wolawulo.
• ukubhala firmware Independent ngenxa chip, nto leyo evumela ngoko ukuba ungayisebenzisa njengendlela iyunithi liqulathwe-ngokwalo.

Kungokwemvelo ukuba ukuqwalasela i-firmware elizimeleyo kulo mzekelo, angeke.

Xa sijonga le lula ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, abantu abaninzi phakathi microcontrollers abaninzi banikela imodeli abo okuba ngabona banokukhethwa ESP8266. Nokuxhuma nokuhlaziya firmware yesixhobo lulula kakhulu kwaye zifikeleleka, kwaye zenziwe kwi-hardware efanayo apho wena yokungena izixhobo kwi computer. Elifanayo ngapha USB-TTL-lokuguqulela, okanye, ukuba umntu ukhetha amanye amacebo, enokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa RPi kunye Arduino.

Indlela ukuhlola?

Ukuze ukuvavanya ukusebenza yesixhobo ezisanda kuthengwa, kuya kufuneka ukuba usebenzise umthombo okhethekileyo ombane ngcono, kuba ukuya ku 3.3 volts. Ngoko nangoko ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba yokwenene kwimodyuli yonikezelo uluhlu ombane uvela volts-3 ukuya 3.6, nangoncedo ombane landa ngokukhawuleza kukhokelela ekubeni yokuba nje kunokuyonakalisa ESP8266 yakho. Flash kunye nenye isoftwe emva kokuba imeko efanayo ukuze baqale ukusebenza kakuhle, kwaye sele kufuneka alungise lo yunithi okanye into ukulungisa oku.

Ukuze ubone indlela yokusebenza kwemodeli microcontroller, kufuneka nje ukuba ukuqhagamshela izikhonkwane ezintathu:

• CH_PD and VCC udityanisiwe umbane ka-3.3 volts.
• GND liqhagamshelene emhlabeni.

Ukuba awufuni ukusebenzisa ESP-01, kunye nayiphi na enye imodyuli kwaye ekuqaleni ngoku ethatyathwe GPIO15, ngoko kuloo meko kufuneka, yaye ngakumbi ziza kuqhagamshelaniswa emhlabeni.

Ukuba firmware mveliso ukubaleka ngesiqhelo, ngoko ukuba kunjalo uyakwazi ukubona ukukhanya elibomvu, yaye emva koko isibini ngamaxesha aya idanyaze oluhlaza. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ukukhanya amandla ebomvu akanawo zonke izixhobo ESP8266 Series. Firmware kwezinye izixhobo ayiboneleli ukhanyiso ukukhanya elibomvu, ukuba umnqongo akakho (ngakumbi, oku kubhekiselele imodeli ESP-12).

Emva kokuqhagamshelana inethiwekhi yakho engenangcingo xa ivuliwe yi indawo yofikelelo elitsha, apho kuya kuthiwa ESP_XXXX, kwaye zafunyanwa nasiphi na isixhobo esikwaziyo ukufikelela kwi Wi-Fi. Kulo mzekelo, igama lendawo yofikelelo ixhomekeke ngqo kwi firmware lomenzi oyisebenzisayo, yaye ke ngoko ibe ezinye.

Ukuba ngaba kubonakala ingongoma, ungaqhubeka sifunisela, kungenjalo kuya kufuneka aqhube amandla kwakhona ngokutsha, kwakunye ukuchaneka GND kunye uqhagamshelwano CH_PD, kwaye ukuba yonke into enxulumene ngokuchanekileyo, ngoko ke mhlawumbi, uya kuthi uzama ukusebenzisa unit eyaphukileyo okanye lifakwe nje firmware ngezakhelo ezingekho semgangathweni.

Indlela ukudibanisa ngayo ngokukhawuleza?

iseti Standard efunekayo ukuze sokudityaniswa lo mnqongo ziquka oku kulandelayo:

• lo mnqongo ngokwayo;
• breadboard solderless;
• isethi epheleleyo iingcingo umama, utata, eyenzelwe kwibhodi prototyping, okanye intambo eyodwa Dupont MF;
• USB-TTL converter esekelwe PL2303, FTDI okanye ezinye chip efanayo. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo - ukuba USB-TTL iadaptha naye a th imveliso kunye Dtr, kuba ngenxa oku kuphunyezwa ngokukhawuleza download firmware esithile UDK, Arduino IDE drive okanye Sming, ngaphandle nkqu imfuno manual utshintshe nje GPIO0 emhlabeni.

Ukuba usebenzisa i Converter ukuya volts-5, ngoko ke imfuneko yokuthenga ezongezelelweyo ezihamba ombane komlawuli ngenxa ka-1117 okanye nawuphi na efanayo, kwakunye umthombo wamandla (for 1117 ukuxhuzula nokuqheleka kakhulu kakuhle ezifanelekileyo eqhelekileyo ukusuka efowuni ukuya volts 5). Kucetyiswa ukuba basebenzise i Arduino IDE drive okanye USB-TTL ukuya kumthombo amandla ESP8266, kwaye sebenzisa i eyahlukileyo, ngenxa yokuba ngenxa kule uyakwazi balahle ekugqibeleni iingxaki ubunzima.

iseti Advanced ukunika umsebenzi ekhululekile kwaye rhoqo kunye umnqongo libonelela imfuneko ezongezelelweyo izihlanganisi amandla, resistors, LED kunye DIP-eyenziwayo. Ukongeza, kuyenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa i engaxabisi USB monitor, nto leyo yenza ukuba esweni rhoqo isixa ngesifo sephepha ngoku, kwaye akukukhuseli kancinane USB ibhasi ingenzeka le kwisiphaluka elifutshane.

Ndimele ndenze ntoni?

Kuqala ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela into yokuba ulawulo ESP8266 inokuba nomahluko kancinane ngokuxhomekeke apho imodeli ethile ozisebenzisayo. Iimodyuli ezinjalo thaca namhlanje kakhulu kakhulu, kwaye into yokuqala eziya kufuneka - sesokwalatha imodeli kwaye ukuyisebenzisa ukugqiba unxulumano pin. Kule ncwadi, siza kuthetha kokusebenza umnqongo ESP8266 ESP-01 V090, kwaye ukuba usebenzise enye indlela ethile yayifumana Ping GPIO15 (HSPICS, MTDO), kuya kufuneka ukuba ukutsala naye emhlabeni ngathi isiqalo standard imodyuli ukuba imo firmware.

Ke kabini-khangela ukuba ombane unikezelo lomnqongo iqhagamshele ngu 3.3 volts. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, uluhlu avumelekile uvela volts-3 ukuya 3.6, yaye kwimeko yokwandisa isixhobo akaphumeleli, kodwa ombane beze kuba kakhulu ngaphantsi kwe volts-3, ezo kuchaziwe amaxwebhu.

Ukuba usebenzisa i USB-TTL converter 3.3 volts, ngoko ke yemodyuli lidibane ngendlela efanayo kwicala lasekhohlo lwe mfanekiso ungezantsi. Ukuba isicelo kuphela pyativoltovy USB-TTL, ngoko ingqalelo kwicala lasekunene mzobo. Oko kusenokubonakala ngathi ukuba lungelo kakuhle ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba wasebenzisa unikezelo lwamandla eyahlukileyo, kodwa eneneni kwimeko ukusetyenziswa USB-TTL of converter volts 5 inqweneleka kakhulu ukuze wenze resistors nomabi eyongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa kudityaniso trehvoltovyh kunye pyativoltovyh amanqanaba ekuqiqeni, okanye sebenzisa amanqanaba ukuguqulwa umnqongo.

Uzidibanisa Iimpawu ezizodwa

Kwi ilungelo kukho UTXD uqhagamshelo umzobo (TX), kwakunye URXD (Rx) of lomnqongo ukuba pyativoltovoy ingqiqo, TTL, kunye nokuphunyezwa ezinjalo iinkqubo yenziwe ngomngcipheko akho. Incazelo ESP8266 ithi ukuba iyunithi isebenza ngempumelelo kuphela 3.3V logic. Xa uninzi iimeko, nkqu kwimeko izixhobo logic pyativoltovoy abupheli, kodwa maxa wambi kukho iimeko ezinjalo, ngoko uqhagamshelwano olunjalo ayikhuthazwa.

Ukuba ngaba awukwazi ukusebenzisa ezinikezele USB-TTL converter 3.3 volts, kunokusetyenziswa ezi resistors ehlukanisayo. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ukuba kulo mzobo Power ekunene 1117 somfanekiso elidityaniswe ngaphandle eziyi- ezongezelelweyo, kwaye ngokwenene ukusebenza ubugcisa, kodwa kusekhona kungcono ukusebenzisa umzobo iintambo 1117 kunye capacitor ezweni - imfuneko ukuyidibanisa kunye ESP8266 Itheyibhile yeengcombolo ezivelileyo ibe somfanekiso lwakho okanye usebenzise sele ukulungele ngokupheleleyo mnqongo wokulinganisela, ngokusekelwe ngokusekelwe 1117.

Ukuze uqalise yunithi, kufuneka ukuba ndimaphule chain GPIO0-TND, ngoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba nikeza kwamandla. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba zonke kufuneka ukuyenza loo myalelo, oko kukuthi, qala uqiniseke ukuba GPIO0 «ejinga emoyeni", yaye ke kuphela isicelo amandla CH_PD kunye VCC.

Indlela ukuxhuma kakuhle?

Ukuba uyakwazi banikezele ngokuhlwa omnye ngokwesiqhelo ukudibanisa imodyuli ESP8266, ungasebenzisa ukhetho womelele ngakumbi. Kulo mzobo ngaphezu ubona udibaniso ukhetho kunye oluzenzekelayo ukulayisha firmware.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umfanekiso ngentla apha ayikazi ibonisa ukusetyenziswa GPIO simahla kunye ADC, kwaye uqhagamshelwano iya kuba ngqo kuxhomekeka yintoni kanye ofuna ukuphumeza, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukuqinisekisa uzinzo, musa ukulibala ukutsala onke GPIO Power kunye ADC emhlabeni usebenzisa tsala-up resistor.

10k resistors, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kunokwenziwa indawo nayiphi na enye kuluhlu lwe 4,7k ku 50k, ngaphandle GPIO15, njengoko ixabiso ubuso bayo kufuneka abe ngaphezulu kwe 10k. Ihlelo capacitor smoothing sokuquqa yama- phezulu ngandlel 'ithile.

Compound GPIO16 kwakhona kwaye kusetyenziswa wobuthongo obunzulu resistor 470 ohms lunokuba yimfuneko xa usebenzisa imo ehambelanayo, ekubeni kusiza ukuze aphume ukusuka imo ebuthongweni obukhulu, kumnqongo owenza ngocwangcisa epheleleyo enze kwinqanaba elisezantsi ukuba unikeze GPIO16. Xa engekho yale imo ubuthongo compound ukuba iyunithi yakho iya kuhlala ngonaphakade.

Ekuqaleni, kuye kubonakale ukuba GPIO0, GPIO1 (TX), GPIO2, GPIO3 (Rx) kunye GPIO15 busy, ngoko sebenzisa kwabo iinjongo zabo aziyi kusebenza, kodwa enyanisweni akunjalo. A level sezingeni eliphezulu ukuya GPIO0 kunye GPIO2, kwakunye eliphantsi ukuya GPIO15 kungafuneka kuphela kokuqala kokusebenza umnqongo omtsha, kwaye kwixesha elizayo sele kunokwenzeka ukuba uzisebenzise ngokokubona kwayo. Inye kuphela ekubalulekileyo ukuzikhankanya - musa ukulibala ukubonelela imigangatho efunekayo phambi ukuphumeza ngocwangcisa ngokupheleleyo izixhobo zakho.

Uyakwazi futhi ukusebenzisa TX, Rx njengoko GPIO1 kunye GPIO3 enye, kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba emva kokuba imodyuli ukuqala firmware ngamnye uqalisa 'ukutsala' i TX parallel ukwenza inkcazelo ithunyelwe UART0 ngereyithi eyi-74480, kodwa emva uya kubanjwa thwebula impumelelo, ungasebenzisa kubo kungekuphela nje UART0 ukwenza exchange data nenye isixhobo, kodwa nje GPIO eqhelekileyo.

Kuba iimodyuli apho imali elincinane izikhonkwane sobisi (umzekelo, ESP-01) ukuba iyafuneka ukudibanisa izikhonkwane ingaphithikezwanga, oko kukuthi, i-ESP-01 ngokwaso kuphela: GND, CH_PD, VCC, GPIO0, GPIO2 kunye Cwangcisa kwakhona, kwaye abo kuya kufuneka qinisa. Akukho mfuneko ukuba soldered ngqo ESP8266EX chip, uze utsale izikhonkwane endebeni, ngaphandle kokuba uyifuna ngokwenene.

imizobo noqhagamshelo zisetyenziswa emva inani elikhulu ukuhlola okwenziwa ziingcali abaqeqeshiweyo ndawonye ukusuka nobuninzi ulwazi ezahlukeneyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba enje izikim ayikwazi kuqwalaselwa ofanelekileyo, kuba unako ukusebenzisa amanye, iinketho olusebenzayo ngokulinganayo.

Connection nge Arduino

Ukuba ngesizathu esithile, kwakungekho USB-TTL converter 3.3 volts, ngoko ke imodyuli WiFi ESP8266 bangathungelana nge Arduino kunye converter oluhlangeneyo. Apha kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule kuqala ingqalelo izinto ezintathu ezingundoqo:

• Xa isetyenziswa ne ESP8266 Arduino Cwangcisa kuqala eqhagamshelwe GND, ukuze kupheliswe ukukwazi ukuba silubaleke microcontroller kwaye kule fomu kokuba isetyenziswe njengendawo transparent USB-TTL Converter.
• Rx and TX ongadibenanga "kwi zibuko", yaye ngqo - Rx-Rx (green), TX-TX (esimthubi).
• Yonke enye into enxulumene ngendlela efanayo ngentla.

Yintoni ukuba sihlole

Xa eli cebo nayo ifuna ezithelekisekayo maleko 5 volt TTL Arduino, kwaye 3.3 volts kwi ESP8266, kodwa ukuze isebenze kakuhle.

Xa uqhagamshele ESP8266 Arduino unako mayixhotyiswe Regulator ombane, hayi withstanding nomsinga eyimfuneko ESP8266, ngenxa yoko, ngaphambi kokuba wenze oko, kufuneka ubuze datashipom kulowo iyasetyenziswa. Musa ukuzama uqhagamshela naziphi na ezinye izinto igunya ukutya kunye ESP8266, njengoko oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi ombane alawulayo Arduino akuphumeleli nje.

Kwakhona, kukho omnye mzobo uqhagamshelwano ESP8266 kunye Arduino, leyo esebenzisa SoftSerial. Ekubeni kwithala SoftSerial port isantya esilingana 115200, iphezulu kakhulu kwaye isiqinisekiso operation ezinzileyo akunconywa, le ndlela uqhagamshelo ukusebenzisa, nangona kukho ezinye iimeko apho esebenza kakhulu izinzile.

Connection nge RaspberryPi

Ukuba ngaba awunayo kwaphela naziphi converters USB-TTL, kuloo mzekelo ungasebenzisa RaspberryPi. Kulo mzekelo, kuba ESP8266 iinkqubo kunye uxhulumaniso phantse ncam, kodwa nantsi ke akukho lula, yaye ngaphezu kuya kufuneka ukuba usebenzise ukutya njenge somfanekiso kwi 3.3 volts.

Ukuqala Rx, TX kunye GND isixhobo yethu ukudibanisa ESP8266, VCC kunye GND sithulwe unikezelo lwamandla olulawulwayo, libalwa 3.3 volts. Apha, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe yokuba ufuna ukwenza udibaniso bezixhobo GND, oko kukuthi, i-RaspberryPi somfanekiso kunye ESP8266. Ukuba lafakwa imodeli alawulayo yakho isixhobo unako ukumelana ukuya ku-300 Ma of umthwalo ezongezelelweyo, ngoko ke uqhagamshelo ESP8266 Kuyinto eqhelekileyo, kodwa konke kwenziwa ngobutyala bakho.

ulungiselele izilungiselelo

Xa ukuqonda ukudibanisa indlela ESP8266, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba abaqhubi ukuze ifowuni yakho ibekwe kakuhle, ukwenzela ukuba izibuko elitsha virtual yezibuko Kongezelelwa kwinkqubo. Kuza kufuneka usebenzise le nkqubo - Uthotho Port Terminal. Enyanisweni, lo eluncedo uyakwazi ukukhetha naliphi ekhuhlangubeni lakho, kodwa kufuneka uqonde kakuhle ukuba nawuphi na umdlali ukuba uza kuthunyelwa uthotho lezibuko, ekugqibeleni kufuneka abalinganiswa uyamlandela CR + LF.

ukusetyenziswa kabanzi ngokufanelekileyo CoolTerm ESPlorer kunye eziluncedo, le yokugqibela kwenza kube lula ukuba ukungena ESP8266 ye AT imiyalelo ngokwazo, yaye oku kwenza kube lula ukusebenza kunye zeempendulo Lua phantsi NodeMCU, ngoko ke ngokulula zingasetyenziswa njenge terminal emiselweyo.

Ukuze uqhagamshelwano eqhelekileyo ukuba uthotho lezibuko kuya kufuneka ukuba benze umsebenzi omninzi, kuba firmware kuba ESP8266 ubukhulu becala ezahlukahlukeneyo lokuvula ekuLunyukisiweyo ngazo zinakho ukuqhutywa ngesantya ezahlukeneyo. Ukuze isigqibo ukhetho ilungileyo, kuya kufuneka uye ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezintathu ezingundoqo: 9600, 57600 no 115200.

Indlela unciphise?

Ukuqalisa, qhagamshela software yesiphelo uthotho lezibuko le virtual yokuqhelisa parameters 9600 8N1, ngoko tirhisa imodyuli ukuhlela epheleleyo, kungasebenzi CH_PD (chip ukwenzela) ngamandla, uze uyisebenzise kwakhona, abaziqonda CH_PD. Kwakhona unokuchitha short circuit ukumzinzisa Cwangcisa kwakhona i yunithi yaye sigcine data kwi-terminal.

Isixhobo yokuqala LED ukuba kuboniswa ngendlela efanayo njengoko kuboniswe kwinkcazo inkqubo yokungqinisisa. Kufuneka bagcine iseti yesiphelo weempawu ezahlukeneyo eziya kuqukunjelwa ngomumo, kwaye ukuba akunjalo, uxhume kwitheminali ibanjelwe ngesantya ezahlukeneyo, kulandele rebootboot lo mnqongo.

Xa ubona enye yeenketho anikwe isantya line, kungathathwa ukulungele umnqongo ukusebenza.

Indlela ukubuyekeza firmware?

Emva kokuba ufake i ESP8266, ukuqhagamshela ifowuni kuthatha imizuzwana nje embalwa, yaye ke ngoko kuya kuba ukulungele firmware yakho. Yokufakela usetyenziso okanye isoftwe entsha ekufuneka uyenzile wena emva koko.

Okokuqala, download uguqulelo firmware lwamva ukusuka site esemthethweni kwaye ulayishe eluncedo ukuze zikhanyise. Apha, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka inikwe ukuba yintoni inkqubo yokusebenza efakwe kwi kumatshini eyehlayo ESP8266. kwenzeka kakuhle izixhobo eku xhulumaneni kwi inkqubo abadala Windows 7.

For Windows OS oqhelekileyo kangangoko ukusebenzisa inkqubo ekuthiwa XTCOM UTIL, okufanelekileyo ingakumbi emsebenzini, ukuba firmware yifayile enye kuphela. Okungcono multi-iqonga ukhetho kufuneka kubiza esptool eluncedo, nto leyo ke, ifuna ukuba wemilozi, kunye nemfuneko sibalule imida ye kwelayini yomyalelo. Ukongeza, kwimisebenzi engundoqo uqhagamshelo ESP8266 ikuvumela ukuba lula ukwenza ucwangciso Flash Kopa Isixhobo, nto leyo eye inani elikhulu ngokwaneleyo na izicwangciso, kwakunye iteknoloji elula ukufaka firmware evela iifayile ezininzi.

Okulandelayo, ukula yakho inkqubo yesiphelo evela uthotho lezibuko, kwaye ukhuphe ngokupheleleyo-mbane CH_PD, GPIO0 qhagamshela umnqongo ku GND, uze CH_PD zibuyiselwe umva. Ekugqibeleni, qala nje inkqubo firmware imodyuli nabo ukulayisha kwi ESP8266 relay.

Xa uninzi iimeko firmware ulayishiwe kungena zeyunithi ngesantya kummandla 115.200, kodwa ke indlela ekhethekileyo inikeza unikezelo oluzenzekelayo uqina, ukuze firmware ekuLunyukisiweyo ngazo zinakho ukuqhutywa ngesantya esingaphezulu kwama-9600, nokuhlaziya ESP8266 umsebenzi ekhoyo. Arduino isetyenziselwa ngokunxulumene okanye USB-TTL - akuthethi ukudlala indima ekhethekileyo apha, kwesantya kuxhomekeke ubude le micwe ezisetyenziswa yi-lokuguqulela, kwaye inani lezinye izinto.