Meyerhold Vsevolod Emilievich - umlawuli wezilingo

UMeyerhold Vsevolod u-Emilievich ungumlawuli oqhelekileyo waseRussia kunye neSoviet kunye nomdlali weqonga. Akunabantu abaninzi bokudala abanokuziqhayisa ngezinto ezinje zizityebi njengeMeyerhold.

Kwiminyaka yokuqala

UMeyerhold Vsevolod u-Emilievich wazalwa ngowe-1874 kwisixeko saseRussia sasePemza ukuya kwintsapho ecebileyo yamaJamani aseJamani. Igama langempela nguKarl Kazimir Theodor Meyerhold. Impembelelo enkulu kwimfundo kaCharles kunye nophuhliso lwakhe lokuthandana kwendawo yokudlala yayinomama - uAlvina Danilovna. Walungiselela iimvumi zomculo kunye nemiboniso ephuculweyo, apho bonke abantwana bakhe bathatha inxaxheba.

Isifundo sanikwa uKarl nzima kakhulu. Wahlala ngamaxesha amaninzi ngomnyaka wesibini, ngoko wagqiba izifundo zakhe ngokukhawuleza. Emva kokugqiba esikolweni esiphakeme, ungena kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow ngenjongo yokufumana imfundo esemthethweni. Ngaloo nyaka, emva kokufikelela kwiminyaka yobudala (iminyaka engama-21), uKarl wagqiba ekubeni atshintshe ubuhlali basePrussia kwisiRashiya. Kwakhona uzimisele ukutshintsha igama. Ukususela ngelo xesha, wayebizwa ngokuba nguVsevolod, kunye nomlobi wakhe oyintandokazi uGarshin. Ekubini negama, utshintshile yakhe ifani. Ngokuhambelana nemithetho yesiRashiya, ngoku ivakalisa njengeMeyerhold.

Kwiminyaka yakhe yokufunda uVsevolod Emilevich utshata no-Olga Munt. Ngexesha abaphumelele kwiyunivesithi, umntwana wabo wokuqala uyazalwa.

Sebenza kwi-Art Art Theatre yaseMoscow

Ukususela ngo-1898, uMeyerhold Vsevolod u-Emilievich waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengelungu le-Moscow Art Theatre Inkampani. Kulapho uyazi kakuhle isikolo seshashalazi yengqondo, kodwa akavumelani nemfundiso yakhe kwaye uyayamkela.

Ngexesha lakhe kwi-Moscow Art Theatre, wenza inxaxheba kwimveliso enjengokuthi "Ukufa kwe-Ivan eyoyikisayo", "Umthengisi waseVenice", "iAntigone", "Abantu abaLona", "amaSeagull", "abazalwana abathathu". Nangona kunjalo, ukungoneleliswa kwenkqubo yeStanislavsky kumenza ayeke inkampani aze ahambe kwindawo yokuzonwabisa.

"Ukusebenzisana kwidrama entsha"

Ukususela ngo-1902 umsebenzi wokuzimela ozimeleyo weMeyer waqala . Wathuthela kwiphondo, apho iminyaka emibili wenza imisebenzi emibini: umdlali kunye nomlawuli. Ngeli xesha, wakwazi ukusebenza kumacandelo amaninzi.

Ngethuba lo msebenzi wakhe kwimizi yamaphondo efana noNikolaev noSevastopol, i-studio "uMbutho weDrama entsha" yayilungelelaniswe, eyayiqhutywa nguMeyerhold.

I-biography yomlawuli ucebile kwiziganeko. Emva kokubuyela eMoscow ngo-1905, wafumana isibonelelo evela kuStanislavsky ukuba aqale inkonzo yakhe kwi-studio yecaterari ePovarskaya Street. Kanye nabadlali be-studio yakhe, wenza umdlalo othi "Ukufa kweTentage" ngokusekelwe kuMdlalo kaMaeterlinck. Kulo mveliso, uMeyerhold ukhululekile ukudibanisa idrama kunye ne-ballet, kunye nokwenza umqophiso womculo wokuqala kunye nombala. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweenyanga ezintandathu emva kokuqala komsebenzi, uStanislavsky wenqabe ukuqhubeka nokuzama kwakhe, kunye ne studio yecaterari apho iMeyerhold yasebenza khona ivaliwe.

Sebenza eSt. Petersburg

Ekwindla ka-1906 ixesha lePerersburg lomsebenzi kaMeyerhold waqala. Wafumana umnikelo wokuba ngumlawuli oyintloko weTheater Theatre, eyayihlelwe nguVera Fedorovna Komissarzhevskaya.

Nangona kunjalo, ummeli uMeyerhold ufuna ukuzama isandla sakhe kungekhona nje kwimveliso yemidlalo emangalisayo. Ukuqonda iindibano zomdlalo wesiteji, ubeka amancinci ambalwa. Kancinci, ukuba iintetho ezinjalo ziqale ukubhala iziganeko ezizimeleyo.

Ngesikhathi esebenza eSt. Petersburg, iVsevolod Meyerhold ayiyilibala ngokuthanda kwakhe umdlalo kwisigaba. Njengomdlali, uthatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo emangalisayo kunye nemveliso ye-ballet. Ngokomzekelo, ngo-1910 wadlala indima yePierrot kwintetho ye "Carnival" kaMikhail Fokin.

Kancinci ukuqhutyelwa kweMeyerhold kwaqala ukubonakala kwinqanaba leemidlalo zaseYurophu. Isinyathelo sokuqala endleleni yokuza kuthiwa yi-ballet "Pisanello", eyayisenziwa kwiCatelet Theatre eParis.

Kwaye enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo. UMeyerhold Vsevolod u-Emilievich wayengomnye wala ma-artists abaxhasa i-Revolution ye-Oktobha.

I-Meyerhold Theater (TIM)

Ngomnyaka we-1924, umlawuli walungisa indawo yakhe yemidlalo. Ufumana ithuba lokuhamba kwelinye ilizwe kunye nokutyelela kweengxoxo. Ba tyelela amazwe afana neJamani, eNgilani, eFransi, eItali, eCzechoslovakia.

Kwakukho kwi-TIM loo midlalo yeklasi yeXIX yeXesti yaqala kuqala. Phakathi kwabo kukhona "uMhloli" odumileyo nguN. Gogol kunye ne "Forest" nguA. Ostrovsky. Ukusebenza kubo kwakuyinqanaba elikhethekileyo kwi-biography ye-Meyerhold. Ukuze ufumane ukuzonwabisa olukhulu kunye ne-satire, ubuchule be-farce yaseRashiya besetyenzisiwe. Ngombulelo kumlawuli wakhe weetalente, uMeyerhold wakwazi ukuvula indawo yecala.

Kwakhona waqhuba iimvavanyo zakhe kwimidlalo yamanje. Imveliso emitsha nganye yabonwa ngabagxeki kunye nababukeli njengeganeko.

Kucacile ukuba, umsebenzi onjalo womlawuli ozama ukulinganisa awukwazi ukukholisa ulawulo lwangoku, kuba umsebenzi wakhe awuzange ungene kwisakhelo sobugcisa obutsha. Ngoko ke, ekupheleni kweminyaka yesithathu, yena, njengabantu abaninzi bexesha elifanayo, waphendulwa. Kwaye ngoFebruwari 1940 wadutshulwa.