Matrix - ntoni na? iintlobo matrices

Namhlanje kuba nzima ukufumana umntu owayeza ndandikuthanda ukuba CRT monitor okanye CRT nomabonakude endala. Le ndlela ngokukhawuleza ngempumelelo bagxothwa imifuziselo LCD, ezo zisekelwe crystals ulwelo. Kodwa akukho matrix kangako. Yintoni na ke ziikristale ulwelo kunye matrix? Konke oku uya kufunda kweli nqaku.

prehistory

Kuba okokuqala ziikristale ulwelo, ihlabathi bafunda ngo-1888, xa yezityalo odumileyo Friedrich Raynittser wafumanisa ubukho izinto zasemzini izityalo. nqa bakhe kwezinye izinto, ekuqaleni ukuba isakhiwo crystalline xa itshiswe ngokupheleleyo Ukutshintsha iimpahla zabo.

Ngenxa yoko, iyeza le mutnelo lokuqala kubushushu degrees 178 Celsius, aze ke atshintshelwe ngokupheleleyo ulwelo. Kodwa akuphelelanga apho lo mfanekiso uqingqiweyo. Kuye kwafumaniseka ukuba ulwelo engaqhelekanga ngokunxulumene magnetic esizibonakalisa nje njengekristale. Kungelo xesha 'uboniso olunombala wamanzi' kota.

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo i matrix LCD

Kulo msebenzi kunye matrix ezisekelwe. Yintoni na le Matrix? Eli gama multi-kakhulu. Enye imilinganiselo yayo - panel nencwadi, LCD esweni okanye isisitheliso TV mihla. Ngoku sifumanisa ukuba, apho umgaqo umsebenzi wabo.

Kwaye isekelwe phezu eziqhelekileyo nokwehlukana ukukhanya. Ukuba ukhumbula physics eliphezulu-esikolweni, nto nje isixelela ukuba ezinye izinto ekwaziyo ekudluliseleni ukukhanya spectrum enye kuphela. Kungenxa yoko le nto polarizers ezimbini degrees 90 abangakwaziyo ukukhanya. Kwimeko apho iqhele phakathi kwezinye isixhobo ezinokuthi ukutshintsha ukukhanya, siya kukwazi ukuba ulungise ukukhanya kunye nezinye iparameters. Ngokubanzi, oku matrix elula.

matrices device lula

LCD yesiqhelo uya kusoloko kuba namacandelo ezininzi esisigxina:

• lelo.
• Reflectors ezibonelela ukufana sokukhanyisa okhankanywe ngasentla.
• Polarizers.
• Le zeendawana ezenziwe ngeglasi, nekufakwe kuzo abafowunelwa conductive.
• A ubungakanani uboniso olunombala wamanzi notorious.
• Enye polarizer kunye zeendawana.

pixel ngalinye matrix enjalo wabumba pixels ebomvu, eluhlaza kunye nemisonto, ukuhlanganiswa apho uvelisa nayiphi na imibala ezikhoyo. Ukuba uvula zonke ngaxeshanye, isiphumo emhlophe. Hi ndlela leyi, yintoni na ukusonjululwa isizalo? Eli linani pixels khona (1280x1024, umzekelo).

Ngawaphi matrix?

Ngendlela lula, ukuba isixando (ezilula) kunye esebenzayo. Isixando - indlela elula kakhulu pixels zabo ezivulwa ngokulandelelana, ukusuka kumgca ukuya emgceni. Ngokunjalo, xa iinzame ukuseka imveliso izibonisi oxwesileyo enkulu ityhileke ukuba nande omkhulu ubude abaqhubi. Ngenxa yoko, kuphula kuphela iindleko, kodwa ukwandisa ombane, olukhokelela ukwanda okukhulu ukuphazamiseka. ngoko A matrix isixando sokwenziwa singasetyenziswa kuphela xa kusenziwa imiboniso kangako kunye idiagonal encinane.

esweni iintlobo Active, TFT, kukuvumela ukuba uphathe ngamnye (!) Of izigidi pixels ngabanye. Isibakala sokuba pixel nganye isebenza a transistor eyahlukileyo. Cell ukuphelelwa kwexesha ophetheyo, lowo ufake ekondensa eyahlukileyo. Kakade ke, ngeendleko kwenkqubo enjalo akuphumelelanga ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphendula ye pixel nganye.

isizathu Mathematical

Kwimathematika, a isizalo into ebhalwe itafile ogama entries zisendaweni ekudibaneni kwe-lwemiqolo nemihlathi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba matrices ngokubanzi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiikhompyutha. Lo mboniso kuyafana ukuchazwa matrix. Ekubeni pixel nganye ezihambelanayo ezithile. Ngoko ke nawuphi na umfanekiso ezikhandelwa kwi kwisibonisi laptop, matrix apho iiseli iqulethwe umbala pixel nganye.

ixabiso nganye ithatha up kanye 1 byte lwe memory. Incinane nje? Awu, kodwa kulo mzekelo, omnye kuphela FullHD isakhelo (1920 × 1080) iza babe isibini MB. Nendlela nendawo oza kufuneka ukuba umboniso ukuba imizuzu engama-90? Kungenxa yoko le nto umfuziselo zixinaniswe. ukubaluleka Huge is onefuthe.

Hi ndlela leyi, yintoni na onefuthe ngayo isizalo? Le polynomial yokudibanisa bangaphambili matrix square yokuba ixabiso layo egcinwa kwi transposition kunye nendibaniselwano linear lemiqolo okanye imiqolo. Phantsi isizalo kule meko luqondwa amazwi zemathematika echaza lungiselelo pixels apho umbala wawo iibhakhowudi. Kabini ubizwa ngokuba inani lemiqolo nemihlathi kulo ngokulinganayo.

Kutheni le nto kubaluleke kangaka? Into yokuba iikhowudi esetyenziswayo Haar ukuguqula. Enyanisweni, Haar inguqu - oko ke amanqaku ithuba ukuze babe lula kwaye oyimbumba encoder. Isiphumo i matrix orthogonal, apho zokucazulula ixesha lisetyenziswa onefuthe.

Ngoku sijonga eziphambili iintlobo matrix (oko kukuthi isizalo ngokwayo, siye sabona).

TN + film

Enye ziqhelekileyo kwaye cheap ngoku ibonisa imifanekiso. Kuye ixesha lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kodwa umbala kunokuba ihlwempu yokuzala. Ingxaki yeyokuba ziikristale kwi isizalo zilungiswe ukuze engile ukubukela afunyanwa okungenamsebenzi. Ukuphelisa le meko, sisungule umboniso okhethekileyo ekuvumela ukuba ukwandisa inani engile bebukele.

Le ziikristale kwi isizalo zilungiselelwe phantsi komxholo, ngaloo ndlela ekhumbuza amajoni kubukiswa. Le ziikristale ke ejijekileyo waziva, ngoko ngokugqibeleleyo sibambelele ngokuqinileyo omnye komnye. Ezi Ingaphandle omelene kakuhle ukuya zeendawana, phezu komhlaba yokugqibela yenza elitywinwe okhethekileyo.

crystal nganye eziswayo electrode elawula ombane lonke kuyo. Ukuba akukho ombane, i ziikristale zijikeleziswe ngu 90, apho ukukhanya udlula ngokukhululekileyo ngabo. Kungcono ninikane i pixel matrix oqhelekileyo emhlophe. Yintoni ebomvu okanye oluhlaza? Njengoko kuvela?

Xa amandla, kweleli zixinaniswe, lo umlinganiselo ucinezelo kuxhomekeke amandla yangoku. Ukuba ixabiso eliphezulu, i ziikristale kupheza ngokubanzi ekudluliseleni ukukhanya, nto leyo imvelaphi emnyama. Ukuze ufumane umbala engwevu ezikhanyayo zayo, ukuma ziikristale kwi isantya hlengiswe ukuze isixa esithile ukukhanya badlula.

Hi ndlela leyi, indlela engagqibekanga kwezi matrices lisoloko iyasebenza zonke imibala, nto leyo pixel emhlophe. Kungenxa yoko le nto kulula ukubona pixel kutshiswa njalo esizibonakalisa ngokohlobo amanqaku liqaqambileyo nesibeke kulo esweni. Njengoko imibala enomfanekiso le matrices yolu hlobo kusoloko yingxaki, kuba nzima kakhulu ukufezekisa ukubonisa emnyama.

Ukuba indawo ngandlel echanekileyo, iinjineli ziikristale ibekwe kwi-engile 210 °, apho ixesha umgangatho umbala kunye nempendulo zanda. Kodwa kulo mzekelo, akubanga ngaphandle lining: Ayahlukile classical TN-matrices ziye ingxaki nemibala emhlophe, imibala Sendizihlambile ngaphandle. Ngoko technology DSTN. umongo wayo kukuba isiboniso wahlulwa ube ziziqingatha ezibini, nganye ilawulwa ngokwahlukeneyo. Bonisa mfanelo iye aphucuke kakhulu, kodwa yanyuka ubunzima kunye neendleko okubeka esweni iimviwo.

Nantso into isizalo kwi laptop TN uhlobo + film.

S-IPS

Inkampani Hitachi, ezigugileyo kakuhle ngaphandle iintsilelo ubuchwepheshe edlulileyo, wagqiba ekubeni ukuzama ukuphucula kuyo, kodwa nje ukuba zizakhele into ngokupheleleyo entsha. Ngokukodwa ukuba Gunther Baur ngo-1971 wafumanisa ukuba ziikristale zinokuthi zibekwe ayikho kwifom lwemihlathi, ephothiweyo, wazibeka ngaxeshanye omnye komnye kwi-zeendawana yeglasi. Kakade ke, kulo mzekelo, ukuya yokusasaza electrode ziqhotyoshelwe.

Ukuba yokuqala lokucoca wokohlula, akukho ombane, udlula ngokukhululekileyo ukukhanya kuyo, kodwa walibala ngayo zeendawana yesibini, lo moya nokwehlukana osoloko efikelela kwi-engile degrees 90 ngokunxulumene kuqala. Ngenxa yoko, kakhulu nje kuphela kwandisa isantya nokusebenza monitor, kodwa omnyama - ngokwenene omnyama, akukho ukwehluka umbala emnyama engwevu. Ukongeza, ukugqithisela inkulu engile eneenkcukacha ngayo.

ukushiyeka zobuchwepheshe

Awu, ku ziikristale nayo apho zicwangciswe ngaxeshanye omnye komnye, kuthatha ixesha elininzi kakhulu. Kwaye ngoko ke ixesha lokuphendula kwi imodeli endala lifumane amaxabiso cyclopean ngokwenene 35-25 ms! Ngamanye amaxesha zinokubonakala ethabathela umzila kwesalathisi, singasathethi ngeziganeko onamandla zokudlala eshukumayo kubasebenzisi kungcono ukuba ukulibala.

Ekubeni i electrode zilahlwa kwi zeendawana enye, oko kufuna ngamandla kakhulu ngakumbi ukuzitshintsha ziikristale ngakwicala oyifunayo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba onke amagosa okubeka esweni iimviwo ngokusekelwe IPS-matrix zinikwe Energy Star inkwenkwezi yokufaneleka. Kakade ke, kukhanyisa zeendawana nayo iyafuneka ukusebenzisa izibane enamandla kakhulu, kwaye loo nto ayithethi ukuphucula imeko ngesifo sephepha eliphezulu.

Workability nokuveliswa matrices ezinjalo liphezulu, yaye ngoko, de kutshanje baba kakhulu, abiza kakhulu. Ngokufutshane, nazo zonke izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo ngamagosa okubeka esweni iimviwo ezo zezona zona abathungi: umgangatho umbala benexesha egqwesileyo kunye nempendulo kwezinye iimeko, unokunikela.

Nantso into IPS-matrix.

MVA / PVA

Ekubeni zombini ezi ntlobo zingentla matrices kuneengxaki ukuba kupheliswe phantse ayinakwenzeka entsha Fujitsu Technology yasungulwa. Enyanisweni, MVA / PVA luguqulelo basis of the IPS. Owona mahluko - i electrode. Bona zibekwe kwi zeendawana yesibini ngokohlobo oonxantathu yokuqala. Le isisombululo kwenza kube lula ukuba uphendule ziikristale kutshintsha ombane, kunye nonikezo umbala iba ngcono kakhulu.

Cameras

Kwaye yintoni ke isizalo kwi camera? Kulo mzekelo, ngoko ke kuthiwa akhazimlayo umqhubi nto leyo eyaziwa njenge isixhobo isigxina oluhamba (CCD). Ngaphezu ikhamera matrix iiseli ezininzi, ibe ngcono na. Xa shutter ivula, ucanda kwezinga ukuhamba elektroni: kokukhona ke ngoku eyomeleleyo evela. Ngokunjalo, xa iindawo ezimnyama sangoku abembumbile. Land matrix novelwano imibala ezithile, yaye ngenxa yoko zenze umfanekiso epheleleyo.

Hi ndlela leyi, yintoni na ubukhulu isizalo, xa sincokola ngayo iikhompyutha okanye laptops? Yinto elula - ekuthiwa-oxwesileyo screen.