Marsilio Ficino --sobulumko, umfundisi-nzulu, kukho njengomntwana onengqondo obalaseleyo Renaissance

Marsilio Ficino (iminyaka yobomi - 1433-1499) wazalelwa kufuphi Florence, kwidolophu Figline. Waye wafunda kwiYunivesithi Florence. Apha wafunda amayeza kunye nefilosofi. Kwintanda-bulumko Marsilio Ficino, kwakunye ezinye izibakala ngobomi bakhe kuya kwenziwa kweli nqaku.

Marsilio abhale ekuqaleni 50 kwinkulungwane ye-15, imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala ozimeleyo, nto leyo babeba impembelelo ngezimvo zobulumko ezahlukeneyo kudala. Emva kwethutyana ke wayefunda isiGrike waza waqalisa ukufunda inguqulelo. Ficino kule minyaka, ukuba unobhala Kozimo Medichi, intloko sale republic.

Ngumfanekiso Marsilio Ficino

Marsilio ngokubanzi yindlela ngokubanzi, kukho uhlobo uphawu-bulumko humanistic, isimo ixutywe ezahlukeneyo izithethe zefilosofi nezenkolo. Njengoko umfundisi yamaKatolika (Ficino eneminyaka engama-40 umiselwa), waba nomdla iingcamango iinkcuba yamandulo, ezinye iintshumayelo banikezela "kaThixo uPlato" (umfanekiso eboniswe ngezantsi), nokuba indlu leyo phambi kwesibane sakhe umhlola. Yena yayingakwazi ngexesha elifanayo ngomlingo Ficino. Ezi Ngokwahlukileyo koko, oko kuya kubonakala; kuba umgangatho bulumko, phezu koko, zazinxibelelene.

Ficino - sezifundo

Ficino wabonisa ngokucacileyo kumsebenzi wakhe iphambili iimfundiso, kuba, njengokuba uninzi ngabamelii maxesha alandelayo, wayekholelwa ukuba uphuhliso siseko omtsha kunokwenzeka kuphela xa re ugwetyelwa ngokholo lamaKristu ngoncedo izimvo imilingo kunye limangalisa lidala, kwakunye ngokusekelwe izimvo uPlato, lowo ke wakunonelela njengoko ezihlangwini Zoroaster, Orpheus noHermes Trismegistus. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe apha ukuba Ficino, kwakunye nezinye nabantu bulumko kaPlato kunye Neo-zikaPlato baba imfundiso eyodwa. Kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-19 okokuqala waqonda umahluko phakathi zikaPlato kunye Neo-zikaPlato.

imisebenzi translation

Marsilio Ficino, ukuba zokuzonwabisa ezininzi, iye yabamba emithathu elandelayo ezinkulu iindidi. Waba odumileyo ngokuyintloko njengoko ngumguquleli. Kwiminyaka 1462-1463 ukuba Marsilio eliguqulelwe zibangelwa Hermes Trismegistus isebenza yesiLatini, yaye "Comments to Zoroaster," yaye "Hymns of Orpheus." Kule minyaka elishumi elinesihlanu elandelayo epapashwe Latin phantse zonke iingxoxo ka Plato kunye Plotinus, kunye zobulumko kamva yamandulo "Areopagitica" (iminyaka 80-90 kwinkulungwane ye-15).

imibhalo zefilosofi

Enye indawo yomsebenzi Ficino kunxibelelene-bulumko. Uye wadala imisebenzi ezimbini: "Le Theology kaPlato yokungafi komphefumlo" yaye "On unqulo lwamaKristu." Ficino, lusekelwe elusindisweni ngemisebenzi ezibhalwe Hermes Trismegistus, ababesithi izigaba eziphambili kuphuhliso bulumko kuvela "isityhilelo", ngoko ke intsingiselo yalo nokulungisa umphefumlo womntu kwimbono isityhilelo.

imibono yenkolo

sazi sale ndlela, enyanisweni, akazange ukwabelana-bulumko kunye nonqulo, njengamanye zobulumko ezininzi kwinkulungwane ye-15. Ngokutsho kwakhe, aphuma kwiimfundiso mandulo eyimfihlakalo. Logos kaThixo njenge watyhilelwa lanikwa Zoroaster, Orpheus noHermes Trismegistus. Emva koko, lo relay ulwazi kaThixo imfihlelo sakhutshelwa Plato kunye kaPythagoras. imbonakalo yakhe ezweni Iisus Hristos eziqulathwe sele kubomi uLogos, iLizwi. Kwakhona ezaziphathelele abantu bonke isityhilelo nguThixo.

Ngenxa yoko, le mfundiso zamaKristu, yaye bulumko yamandulo abe umthombo oqhelekileyo - i Logos obuNgcwele. Kuba kakhulu Ficino ngoko isifundo-bulumko kunye imisebenzi zobubingeleli sithe umanyano indissoluble kunye elipheleleyo. Wayekholelwa, kaloku ke, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba kuqulunqwe ezinye ingqiqo eziqhelekileyo zefilosofi nezenkolo, ukudibanisa iimfundiso zikaPlato, eyayinaso yamandulo iZibhalo Ezingcwele.

Le mbono "inkolo jikelele"

In Ficino ngokwale logic, ebizwa ngokuba ingqikelelo unqulo jikelele. Wayekholelwa ukuba ekuqaleni uThixo wamnika ihlabathi inyaniso yonqulo ngenxa ukungafezeki abantu baqonde ngayo kude kube sekupheleni, ngoko ukudala zonke iintlobo zamahlelo enkolo. Zama ukuya kwaye wenze iintlobo abacinga, emele amanqanaba asisiseko bulumko yophuhliso. Ke zonke ezi iinkolelo kunye nezimvo - nje wabona i "inkolo jikelele" single. iqiniso laphezulu ubuKristu wafumana ibinzana kakhulu ezizizo nezichanekileyo.

Ficino, efuna ukuba atyhile intsingiselo kunye nomxholo "inkolo jikelele" kufanele nawamanye scheme. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ihlabathi wenziwe amanqanaba mihlanu ilandelayo: mba, umgangatho (okanye ifomu), umphefumlo isithunywa, uThixo (zinyuka). iingqiqo ezintweni Higher uThixo neengelosi. Bathi ayipheli, nomoya, ongenakonakala, awanakususwa. IMatha kunye nomgangatho - asezantsi amagama ezinxulumene ndikhulile ngoko umda emajukujukwini, ofayo, severable yexeshana.

Eyona engundoqo kunye unxulumano kuphela phakathi kwamanqanaba ezisezantsi neziphezulu bobukho limi umphefumlo. Yena, ngokutsho Ficino, kuba ezintathu, njengoko uye zintathu: umphefumlo izidalwa eziphilayo, umphefumlo karhulumente yasezulwini yaye umphefumlo kwehlabathi. Iphuma kuThixo, ziphile ihlabathi eziphathekayo. Ngokoqobo uhlabelela Marsilio Ficino umphefumlo, esithi ukuba oluyintambo bonke, ekubeni xa zixutywe mnye, angazishiyi kunye nabanye. Ngokubanzi, wonke umphefumlo, kwaye ixhasa zonke izinto. Ficino ngoko umbiza umkhosi wakhe kunye neqela eli hlabathi, ubuso bonke, nakuMlamleli izinto zonke, iziko indalo.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kucacile ukuba kutheni ingqalelo kangaka imali Marsilio umphefumlo ngamnye. Ukubambelela yaphezulu, kuba ukuqonda kwakhe "umzimba kwinkosikazi", oyilawulayo. Ngoko, ulwazi umphefumlo wakhe kufuneka umsebenzi oyinhloko nawuphi na umntu.

Isihloko abantu

Isihloko umongo buso Ficino ngamnye kuyaqhubeka kwiingxubusho "uthando kaPlato". Lowo uthetha ngothando sokudibanisa kuThixo kwenyama, umntu wokwenene necebo ngayo. Ficino, ngokungqinelana nezimvo Christian Neo-zikaPlato, uthi konke okusehlabathini uvela kuThixo baze babuyele kuye. Ngoko ke, ezintweni zonke kufuneka ukuba umthande uMdali. Ngoko abantu baza kukwazi ukuba banyukele uthando lukaThixo izinto zonke.

indoda True kunye ingcamango kwayo, ngoko - omnye. Kodwa phezu komhlaba akukho mntu kuyinyaniso, kuba bonke abantu yahlukanisiwe ukusuka kwenye nenye kwaye ngokwabo. Apha uqalisa ukusebenza uthando lukaThixo, apho sinako kuza ubomi benene. Ukuba oko kuya nokuhlanganisa bonke abantu ababanga nako ukufumana indlela eya ingcamango. Ngoko ke, onothando uThixo, abantu ngokwabo naba ziintanda kubo.

zithandwa kakhulu kwinkulungwane ye-15 yaba ntshumayelo "uthando zikaPlato" yaye "unqulo jikelele". Yena igcinwe yaye kamva for Western abaninzi iinkcuba isibheno yayo.

Eyokuqala imbali "On Life"

Ngowe-1489 Ficino imbali yezonyango "Kwi Ubomi" yapapashwa, apho wathembela imithetho ngeenkwenkwezi, kwakunye nabanye abameli le Renaissance. Isiseko kwimigqaliselo zonyango ngexesha wakhonza njengoko inkolelo yokuba iimpawu ezulu kuxhomekeke amalungu omzimba womntu, kunye iiplanethi ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene ne Isimo ezahlukeneyo. Yabiwe yi iinkcuba ezininzi Renaissance. ÍOpus senzelwe eenzululwazi, owathi, ngenxa izifundo sabakhutheleyo ngokufuthi kweyela ukudangala okanye ukugula. Ficino icebisa ukuba baphephe izimbiwa, izilwanyana, imifuno, izityalo, endingowakhe esinguSaturn (planethi le sawo melancholic), ukuba singqongwe ngokwabo izinto ezinxulumene Venus, Jupiter kunye ilanga. Ngumfanekiso Mercury, njengoko ibangwe njengomntwana onengqondo, iphuhlisa inkumbulo kunye zobuntlola. Kwakhona kumgxotha nefiva, ukuba ibekwe kwi emthini.

umsebenzi Meaning Ficino

Yawona le Renaissance kakhulu ibekwe Marsilio. Wenza negalelo elikhulu inkcubeko Florence, owesithathu yokugqibela ngenkulungwane ye-15, ingakumbi kuphuhliso uhlobo olutsha lwe zikaPlato. Phakathi abahlobo bakhe abameli ezinkulu le Renaissance kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo: zobulumko, abezopolitiko, iimbongi, amagcisa, kunye nezinye abantu abadumileyo.

Ngenxa bume Ficino ndasebenza kwiindawo ezininzi ubomi yokomoya Florence, ingakumbi kwi-Visual Arts, kuba ngelo xesha, abathengi badla kubalelwa imisebenzi program zoncwadi. Impembelelo izimvo zakhe ingalandwa emva "Ukuzalwa Venus" yaye "Spring" yi Botticelli, "Pan" Signorelli, kwakunye kuthotho mizobo "Imbali Vulcan" Piero di Cosimo, kunye nabanye. Kubonisa kuzo kwaye ngakumbi ngembali bulumko. Ngokufutshane siye wachaza ngobomi kunye nezimvo uRhazes kunye namhlanje umdla omkhulu.