Maqhuqhuva thyroid: iimpawu kunye nonyango

maqhuqhuva thyroid - ngengxaki hormone. Esinye sezizathu ezingundoqo isahlakalo yayo ithathwa yokungabikho iodine emzimbeni. Le ngezifo kubangelwa umsebenzi ezidalwe-ukuphazamisana yaye kubonakala ngathi utshintsho zophendlo lwezifo echaphazela le ndlala lengqula. Ukuba ixesha akachithi unyango, i maqhuqhuva ukuze bandiqumbise kukuvela nezifo ezininzi.

Kugula kwenzeka kunzima kakhulu ukwenza amacandelo omnye okanye ngaphezulu ukuba iindidi zobungakanani iimpawu, ngokunjalo ke ezahlukeneyo okubulalayo ebubonisayo. ukubunjwa enjalo ingaba ziingxaki anazo capsule okanye ulwelo. Ikakhulu imfundo emithathu nomhlehlo lasekunene nobubovu lengqula, ngendlela efanayo njengoko ekhohlo, ingozi, kodwa qiniseka ukuba baye afunyaniswe isifo kwaye afumane unyango elandelayo. Ukuba esi sifo hayi ngokukhawuleza ngayo, oko kunokubangela imbonakalo ezimbi ezahlukeneyo.

Imfundo Lweenkqantosi uqhelekileyo nomhlehlo lasekunene nobubovu lengqula, kunye nobudala umngcipheko livela inyuswe. Xa abantu, le ngezifo kwenzeka qho ngaphezu abafazi.

Indlela esakhiwe ngayo le ndlala lengqula

Enye amalungu ibalulekileyo nkqubo yonyango na le ndlala lengqula. Ikhupha iihomoni equlethe iodine. Xa uhlobo kufana ibhabhathane kwaye ibekwe entanyeni.

Le ndlala lengqula iqulathe zirhuqwe, nomhlehlo ekhohlo nasekunene. Kwabanye abantu, kukho isabelo olongezelelweyo phezulu ukusuka sezwe. iiseli epithelial kuquka follicle ezibangela iihomoni. A follicle yi kwiqamza encinane ulwelo esivela ngaphakathi. Xa zezigulo ezahlukeneyo esinobubovu ziyaphuphuma follicular fluid kwenzeka, yaye ngenxa yoko ke maqhuqhuva apho.

Yintoni lokumisa kwaye abunjwe ngayo

maqhuqhuva thyroid zizinto amatywina ukuba zahluke isakhiwo ephilile. Wonke ukwazi parameters eziqhelekileyo, uyakwazi ukwenza self-iimviwo ukwenzela ukuchonga ngamathumba. A ndlala ndlala esempilweni luphawulwa kukuba:

• It has phezu efanayo ngaphandle lunamaqoqo kunye misinga;
• elifanayo loxinano;
• uxinzelelo ubuhlungu sensitive asivelanga;
• zombini isithinzi abantu macala.

Ukuze ubone isizathu sokuba kukho ngezifo, kuyimfuneko kukujongana ukuya endocrinologist. Xa inani maqhuqhuva lengqula kungaba:

• wodwa, oko kukuthi eyodwa;
• ezininzi;
• yeMetro, oko kukuthi, iindawo ezininzi zidibene omnye komnye.

look Single njenge bead encinane elibukhali kwaye ingafumaneka ngazo naziphi na izabelo okanye kwi kwisiqwenga somhlaba. izakhiwo ezininzi kuchaphazela nayiphi na indawo le ndlala lengqula. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iyavuleka kwaye enze goiter nodular. Kokuba landa ngokuthe ngcembe, kule minyaka, okanye kuvela ngokukhawuleza, kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa.

Zezinto maqhuqhuva lengqula

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo yamathumba nodular, eziya kwahluka kubume nobungakanani. Kuxhomekeka iimpawu kwesakhiwo, maqhuqhuva lengqula zezi:

• colloid;
• cyst;
• adenoma;
• yobubi.

Amacandelo Colloidal ibe ezininzi hormone kwaye inokuba esinye okanye ezininzi. Ukuba ukukhula ngokucothayo kakhulu kwaye amaxesha amaninzi axilonge ngengozi, njengoko ayenzi bamqumbise naziphi na iimpawu. Ngamanye amaxesha kusenokuba ukonakala kwazo ithumba ebubonisayo, ibe neoplasm wolusu.

Cyst sifana capsule ezele ulwelo. Idla kuchaphazela abasetyhini kwaye lubonakala kukukhula olucothayo kakhulu. Njengokuba imvoluphu liba ukubhitya kwaye obungqingqwa yi Ngokucofa oscillation fluid ngaphakathi.

Adenoma ifana ibhola ibekwe leli philisi ezinezikhondo. Lubonakala yi landa ngokuthe ngcembe yaye ayichazi inani lwemizimba akhiwe. Oku ikakhulu abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40, yaye ngokufuthi ngaphezu abafazi.

neoplasms elibulalayo kakhulu ngokukodwa omnye node equlathe iiseli ngumhlaza. Le neoplasm akukho imida ecacileyo, iimvulophu, kwaye zibandakanya ukwanda ngokukhawuleza. Xa uyibamba oku obukhulu ngokwaneleyo, kodwa ukuvise intlungu.

Izinto ezibangela izifo

Ayaziwa ngokupheleleyo oko kubangela ukuyilwa nodular lengqula lobe, kodwa kukho izinto ezithile predisposing ukuba isifo esinjalo. Ezi zinto zibandakanya:

• emzimbeni;
• zeleka rhoqo;
• eziphilayo embi;
• intswelo iodine;
• komtshiso oko;
• ufuzo embi.

Xa supercooling kwenzeka vasospasm ukuba afune ukwaphulwa iinxalenye ngamnye esinobubovu lengqula, kukhokelela ekuncipheni kakhulu sifo, nto leyo ekhokelela ingxaki sisahlula cell. Unobangela wokukhulula olungalawulwayo zamadlala yimekobume olihlwempu. Oku kunokubangela ukuyilwa yamathumba.

Xa intswelo iodine iqala ukwandisa ndlala. imfundo Nodal kuvela ngenxa yokuba intsimbi uzama ukufumana igazi mali elingekhoyo iodine. Ewayo, uqabe isithinzi thyroid kungenzeka ikhondo iinkqubo ukudumba, ngaloo ndlela ukwakha iindawo afana ithumba. Pathology nayo zenzeka ngenxa yofuzo.

Engozini:

• abafazi;
• abantu abadala ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-55;
• izigulane kunye nezinye izifo ezidalwe;
• ukuba imbali kusapho abanale.

Abantu kwezi ndidi ngokuyimfuneko kufuneka esweni ngenyameko imeko yabo athile ukuqhuba Ngokucofa le ndlala lengqula. Phambi iintlungu, lunamahlwili amhlophe okanye ukunyuka ubukhulu ngokuyimfuneko kufuneka ubone ugqirha kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukugqiba ngezifo.

Eyona eziphambili Iimpawu zemfundo Lweenkqantosi

Iimpawu maqhuqhuva lengqula zixhomekeke kakhulu ubungakanani nenani hormone. Ukungabikho kweempawu kubungakanani encinane ibonisa ukuba umzimba ochaphazelekayo ongavelisi iihomoni. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuyilwa isanda na kumiselwa kuphela xa isigulo ultrasound.

Eminyakeni babe iimpawu ezinjalo lemfundo emithathu nomhlehlo lasekhohlo nobubovu lengqula, ezifana:

• utshintsho ilizwi;
• kwabangela ubunzima ukuginya;
• ukuphelelwa umoya;
• umkhuhlane;
• tachycardia;
• ukuqunjelwa;
• ubuthathaka imisipha.

Esi sifo sizibonakalisa kukuba zingachaphazela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala. Ingozi kukuba kukho nefuthe ngqo kuphuhliso ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni yeempawu umntwana. Inkqubo unyango kunokuba nzima.

Xa retrosternal goiter isigulane indawo inokuba nenkxalabo ukuphelelwa umoya kunye nokuboniswa ucinezelo emqaleni. Kwimeko apho iimpawu enye okanye ngaphezulu sifo kufuneka ngoko nangoko uqhagamshelane nogqirha lokubhalela uviwo kunye nonyango elandelayo. Kulula kakhulu ukuba balahle esi sifo kwi isanda, kunokuba ukujongana iingxaki.

Ndiqhuba unesifo maqhuqhuva lengqula

Ukuba ndlala lengqula lo nawo uye uchaphazeleke, imfundo Lweenkqantosi sikwinqanaba lokuqala kungabonwa kuphela emva kokuba nokukhuthala ngenxa. ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubone ugqirha ukuba iimpawu zesi sifo. Abo basengozini, kubalulekile ukuba bangenele iimviwo rhoqo zothintelo, nto leyo eya kunceda ukuchonga sifo kuchaza ukuba sikwinqanaba lokuqala.

Ekuqaleni endocrinologist uqhuba uhlolo olubonakalayo kunye, ukuba maqhuqhuva ezichongiweyo zombini isithinzi ndlala, ngoko zihlolwe ubungakanani zabo, isisa, ukuxinana, ukuhamba, kwakunye nemeko yesikhumba kummandla yamathumba. Emva koku, isigulane kufuneka benze uvavanyo elebhu ukuqinisekisa isixa hormone egazini. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba eli nani iphenjelelwa yimiba ezininzi, ingakumbi, ezifana:

• umsebenzi olumandla lomzimba;
• nokukhulelwa;
• ukuthatha iziyobisi ezithile amayeza;
• ukutya protein eliphantsi.

Ngaphezu koko, iingcingo kunye scintigraphy, liveze intshayelelo kuthetha ukuba equlethe iodine. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba olu ndlela uphethwe contraindicated ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kunyanzelekile ukuba kuqeshwa ultrasound maqhuqhuva lengqula, nto leyo evumela ukuba inani kunye nendawo ngqo nangezilonda, ukuhlola imeko umzimba.

Xa wenza ultrasound diagnostic kuqikelelwa resolution lengqula. Izinga kwiqela lobudala ngalinye ziyahluka. Noko ke, ukuba izinto ezinxaxhileyo ezingephi, oko kuthetha ukuba ayikwazi ukuba esi sifo. phezulu ezingaqhelekanga ukuze abonise izifo ezifana:

• goiter nodular;
• cyst;
• iinkqubo arhabaxa;
• yamathumba okubulalayo ebubonisayo.

Ziqonde iziphumo ultrasound diagnostic kufuneka benze kuphela ugqirha, ngubani na ukufumanisa utshintsho ehlasela ngayo le ndlala lengqula. The degree node kule imeko abe sisidalwa ingozi okanye amabi.

Ukuze ubone ukuba ithumba okanye ingozi, i biopsy olwenziweyo. Luquka ezinye iiseli zeethishu ukufunda phantsi ngemicroscope. Inkqubo yonke ilawulwa yi uxilongo ultrasound. Ngokutsho iziphumo biopsy, ugqirha ukhetha unyango.

Xa izigulane nangezilonda biopsy isikhokelo ukuba ububanzi of 5-10 mm kunye ebonisa ngqo ukuba thumba olubulalayo. Ezona mpawu ziphambili yobubi zithathwa ezifana:

• node efanayo ekhasa;
• ukukhula ngokukhawuleza;
• kwafikela ezithweni ezikufutshane;
• ephula ivoti;
• ubukho imiqondiso ultrasound.

Kwimeko rhanelwa yobubi afunyaniswe isifo kwaye afumane unyango kufuneka baqhube somdlavuza. Kuphonononga ubukhulu lengqula Itomography kwenziwa, nto leyo evumela ukuba amisele elona nentaba yayo, isakhiwo kunye nombono kwindawo nkovu.

Ukuqhuba unyango nodular

Ukuba umntu efunyaniswe ene imfundo emithathu nomhlehlo lasekhohlo nobubovu lengqula, unyango kufuneka entsonkothileyo, kunye nendlela ekhethiweyo unyango kuxhomekeke kubunzima kwesi sifo. Self-unyango alwamkelekanga, njengoko oku kubangela imiphumo ebuhlungu kunye nobunzima, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba onke amachiza kufuneka imiselwe kuphela emva kokuba uviwo endocrinologist.

node ebubonisayo kukhuselekile ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kaninzi ukulimaza kakhulu emzimbeni. Unyango kule meko ikhutshwa phandle ngokusebenzisa amalungiselelo amayeza kunye namayeza emveli. neoplasm elinobuhlungu ngokuyimfuneko ukubandakanya utyando, njengokuba kubhaliwe ikhula ngokukhawuleza, metastases bafudukela kwezinye izigqeba, kwaye kunokukhokelela ukufa isigulane.

Ukuba kukho node kwi kwidlala lengqula wabonakala goiter colloid, unyango singàphunyezwa, kwaye isigulane kuboniswa esweni rhoqo, kwaye xa kukho isiqhelo lokukhula yamathumba, ngoko ugqirha ukhetha indlela unyango.

Unyango ngamachiza ejoliswe kwezithandani hormone. Phambi goiter ehlasela isicelo amalungiselelo sonyango eyenzelwe ukuphelisa Iodine emzimbeni. Kulo mzekelo, oogqirha ukumisela "Jodomarin" ngenxa yokuba imithi elungileyo kakhulu mihla.

Ukuba isigulane ifumaneka maqhuqhuva lengqula onobungozi, unyango ikhutshwa phandle kuphela uqhaqho. Umsebenzi Kuxhomekeka iqondo yophuhliso sifo kwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi, ezizezi:

• resection ubuso;
• ukususwa share lengqula zizifo;
• nokususwa ngokupheleleyo le ndlala lengqula.

Emva kotyando, le nkqubo isoloko wenziwe unyango ngakumbi iodine. Kuyimfuneko ukuba bakwazi ukususa ngokupheleleyo iintsalela zomhlaza. Emva kotyando, umguli kufuneka rhoqo artificially abuyise kukungabi iodine emzimbeni.

Indlela kakhulu gentle yokusebenza kuya kuba uthomalaliso laser. Le umqadi ukukhanya, Sibahlangule laser, ebanjwe kwaye atshabalalise iiseli ithumba na izifo. Emva koko ke loloyiko kwithishyu. Lo msebenzi wenziwa kuphela xa ubukhulu neoplasm ayikho ngaphezulu kwe-4 cm.

Prevention of maqhuqhuva lengqula

Ukuze siphephe iingxaki kunye nobubovu lengqula, ngokuqinisekileyo ukuphumeza amanyathelo ezithile zokuthintela, ezizezi:

• ukudla okune ayodini;
• sinikele ingqalelo ngokwaneleyo yokulala niphumle;
• ukuphila ubomi obuxakekileyo;
• ukulawula izinga hormone;
• bangenele iimviwo zonyango ngamaxesha athile.

Akuvunyelwe ukwenza amalungiselelo abo eziqulathe ayodini, ngaphandle ngokuqeshwa ugqirha, njengoko kungabangela iziphumo zazo emva kodlwengulo.

imikhuba Ukondla sokudla

Unyango maqhuqhuva lengqula kufuneka ludityaniswe ngendlela yokuphila esempilweni kwaye ukugcina ukutya okhethekileyo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, yonke imihla umzimba lifumana imali eyaneleyo iodine. Yokudla ngemihla kufuneka abe khona:

• kwaselwandle;
• ingca yolwandle;
• mai;
• amaqanda;
• rye isonka.

ityuwa iodine ungasetyenziswa ukupheka. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukucoca umzimba ityhefu, ngokuba kufuneka kudla okuziinkozo, iimbotyi, beetroot, ama-apile, incindi entsha, usele amanzi amaninzi. Kufuneka kwakhona ukuba anciphise ukusetyenziswa ukutya okungekho mpilweni, okunamafutha kunye nokutya, nowento ekroqiweyo, confectionary, kwisigcinakaliso. Itye kunokunceda Akothusi ukufumanisa ukuba umzimba kunye izinto ezibalulekileyo kunye nokuthintela kokuvela esi sifo.

Iingxaki maqhuqhuva lengqula

Ulibaziseko unyango kunye nokungabikho zokuthintela izifo engabangela kukuvela iziganeko ezithile. Xa imo yemfundo ukungahoywa emithathu nomhlehlo lasekhohlo nobubovu lengqula, ngendlela efanayo njengoko ekunene, zinokudityaniswa kwi a goiter multi-node.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo ithumba elihle nga akuguquki onobungozi, kwaye unyango lwalo kufuneka utyando kunye nokuqhuba nechemotherapy ezintsonkothileyo. Ukuba awufuni ukwenza unyango ngendlela ngexesha, oku kunokukhokelela ekufeni umguli. Ukongeza, ezi maqhuqhuva kungakhokhelela:

• ukuphazamiseka iinkqubo pathways emzimbeni;
• ubunzima ukuginya;
• yi ukubana le kwalapho;
• ukutsarhwa.

Ngaphandle unyango ngexesha umntu akakwazi ukumelana nesi sifo ezikhoyo, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba kwi ngumqondiso wokuqala leengxaki kufuneka ukuba ufune uncedo evela kugqirha.