Lwemali Germany - brand onamandla

Lwemali Germany - uphawu waba imbali phantse sesquicentennial kunye esisityebi kunene. Yena kuqala weza kwenziwa 1871, unyaka yokumanya amazwe aseJamani phantsi kwegunya Prussia uMlawuli uWilliam Lokuqala. Imali German ntsha yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kwezoqoqosho kunye nokukhula woshishino ubukhosi obuqwalaselwe-enobugcisa. Ngelo isanda ikhona, uphawu abanyamezela ndazimisela nale misebenzi.

Kodwa yonke into yatshintsha emva leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, xa iJamani yayeka ukuba wawelwa ukuwa yezoqoqosho uqobo. Xa eko yenkulungwane wokugqibela kwiphondo enkulu yaseJamani kweyisa isikali olubi kwamaxabiso, kudityaniswe ukudandatheka kwengqondo kunye noqoqosho. Ngelo xesha, nkqu imali waseJamani ukhululwe (ibhili) emahlelweni elinye elinamanci billion amanqaku.

Kwaye ngo-1923, ngemihla kwi Weimar Republic ukuze soyise yingozi kuqoqosho German lwe emali kaRhulumente Gustav Stresemann iphepha brand iye indawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-irente. Yaba lwemali okwethutyana eJamani, ndayihluthwa umlinganiselo ngokusemthethweni kwaye ngaphambi ukusungulwa ingeniso Reichsmark entsha, ekhutshwe ngo Agasti kunyaka-1924.

Reichsmarks mhlobo metal ngelo xesha waba bekusenzeka rhoqo - baziguqula phantse wonke unyaka. Ke lwemali eJamani ikakhulukazi izinzile. Wathinta imiphumo zoqoqosho ukoyiswa emfazweni. Ukuze ukuphakamisa umoya wesizwe nobuthandazwe kwi Reichsmarks bokwenyaniso German ezotywe iziganeko kubomi besizwe kunye namanani ezibalaseleyo ngurhulumente waseJamani.

Ngo-1930 urhulumente wagqiba ukukhupha imali kunikezelwa amanqaku ezintlanu ukhenketho ehlabathini, lizaliseke unyaka phambi kokuba ivele odumileyo "Graf Zeppelin". Wobuyiselo ngqekembe zesiliva zalishumi ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu grams kanye ububanzi amathathu anesixhenxe eemilimitha lwenziwa le wokukrola German adumileyo kunye opeyintayo Franz Krishkerom. obverse kwayo zinokuhonjiswa umfanekiso okhozi German yasebukhosini, ilandelwe yi kungqameko igama lizwe kukhutshwe - Reich German. Kwaye phezu ngasemva umfanekiso ngokwalo ibekwe edume ngqo indiza ihamba phezu umhlaba.

Emva kokufika ukunyuka Reichsmark ngamaNazi ukuba amandla zandifuna komelezwa ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye ukuba enye imali inokuthenjwa eYurophu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngelishwa, bethetha eJamani, akunakwenzeka ukuba ngoyaba ixesha emnyama semfene iminyaka 1933-45. Ukongeza, ngoxa kwakunjalo zokubolekisa yonge ekuthiwa amanqaku umsebenzi. Noko ke, le sihloko ifanelwe isifundo enzulu olunzulu, nto leyo akavumeli ukwenza ifomathi kweli nqaku.

Emva kokuphela i nokubulawa kwabantu bonke-out of the World Second, edulusele xa ukutshaya amanxuwa lizwe baqalisa ukwenza inguqu kwezentlalo kunye nohlaziyo yoqoqosho lwehlabathi, nombhali leyo yaba sisazinzulu waseJamani kunye yezopolitiko abadumileyo Ludwig Erhard. Phantse omnye elishumi, ezi utshintsho kubomi German babuyela eJamani kwi amagunya elihamba.

Twentieth Juni 1948, unyaka uhlanga-ngokubanzi radio Erhard irhoxisiwe intsebenzo yakhe kolawulo lukarhulumente phezu amaxabiso wazisusa uninzi nemimiselo yolawulo, apho ubukhulu umda inkululeko imarike.

Ngoko ngobusuku kaJuni 21, 1948, kunyaka yabhengeza ukuqaliswa ngokommiselo kwe yelizwe elitsha - Deutschmark. Bonke abemi zizifumene iintlobo ezintsha mane imivuzo, imihlala-phantsi kunye namalungiselelo ezibonelelo ziye zaguqulelwa ngomlinganiselo we-1: 1. Zonke iinkampani befumene iimali ukuhlawula imivuzo yokuqala, yaye kamva kwafuneka ukusebenza phantsi kwingeniso yayo. Oko kwaba sisiqalo kwentlalo efanayo yezoqoqosho elitsha Germany lwentando yesininzi.

Ukususela kunyaka wamashumi amahlanu, Deutschmark ayizange itshintshe. Ngoku phantse wonke umntu uyazi apho imali eJamani. Ngapha koko, Germany lelinye lamazwe aphambili ehlabathini, "ikomkhulu zemali yaseYurophu", njengoko kudla ngokuba, wayengomnye wabaseki-Eurozone kunye nokukhutshwa yelizwe emanyeneyo yaseYurophu.