Lo Amaza. Yintoni amathambo zenza isiseko yokakayi

Yaba lukakayi yabantu imele icandelo elibalulekileyo le nkqubo musculoskeletal. Ukuqokelelwa kwe amathambo entloko - isikhokelo uchaza imilo kunye isitya ukukhonza kuba ingqondo kunye namaziko nemizwa. Ngaphaya koko, yaba lukakayi indawo ezinye iimpawu zeenkqubo bokuphefumla esiswini. Ukuze imisipha amathambo akhe amaninzi apha, kuquka zobuso kunye ihlafuna. Ukwahlula phakathi kwamacandelo zilandelayo intamo yabantu: ubuso nobuchopho, kodwa eli candelo nje nje ngendlela engaqondakaliyo, njengoko ukwahlulwa ibe iseti noseko. Kuba inkoliso ithambo cranial ngokumila oluntsonkothileyo ezitenxileyo ezinokwenzeka. Bona ezidibene omnye beentanda yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ilunga eshukumayo kuphela amathambo entloko - lelona joint temporomandibular, ukubandakanyeka kwinkqubo ye ukuhlafuna kunye nentetho.

Anatomy of the yokakayi yabantu: isebe ubuchopho

Eli sebe ngokumila ungqukuva kwaye iqulathe ingqondo. Skull wambumba unpaired (zexeshana kunye (Occipital, ngokungqalileyo kunye sphenoid) kunye umphunga amathambo Parietal). umthamo wayo malunga 1500 cc. Iintloko lisebe le yobuso. amathambo cranial Upper - ezigudileyo (out) kwaye iflethi. Ba zibhityile noko, kodwa amacwecwe ezomeleleyo, nto leyo imi umongo wethambo. skull kwabantu, ifoto leyo ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi - yinto isakhiwo entsonkothileyo egqibeleleyo, isiqalelo ngasinye apho na umsebenzi walo.

ofisi phambi

Ke kummandla yobuso, ngoko iphathwa uhamba maxillary kunye namathambo zygomatic, mandibular unpaired, palatal, igridi, ithambo hyoid kunye lacrimal, vomer, ithambo ngeempumlo kunye turbinate ophantsi. Amazinyo kwakhona yavlyutsya yinxalenye ukakayi yobuso. A phawu uphawu le unpaired amathambo isebe - ubukho kuzo nemingxuma lomoya, ezisetyenziswa usambathisa thermal ngaphakathi emizimbeni. La mathambo zenza udonga nemingxuma yomlomo ngeempumlo, ngokunjalo neziseko. yesakhiwo neempawu ngamnye kuzuzwa ezahlukeneyo iimpawu zobuso.

Iimpawu ukukhula

skull kwabantu komzimba kudala kufundwe, kodwa akumangalisi nangoku. Xa inkqubo yokukhula, uze ukuguga, imilo intloko uyahluka sekleta. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba iintsana ubudlelwane phakathi kwamasebe zobuso kwaye palsy azikho ezifana abadala: a abathi yesibini. Ukhakhayi olusana agudileyo, amalungu izihlanganisi esibonakala luthambe. Ngaphezu koko, amathambo zikhona phakathi arch izabelo zeethishu nokuqina okanye fontanels. Zenza kube lula ukusebenza lulungisa yinxalenye cranium ngexesha lokuzalwa ngaphandle umonakalo ebuchotsheni. Ngomnyaka wesibini wobomi fontanels "ivaliwe"; intloko uqala ukwandisa kakhulu ngobukhulu. Kwiminyaka esixhenxe emva yaye ayila inxalenye ngaphambili, amazinyo ubisi athathelwa indawo lweenkobe. igumbi iminyaka ukuya ku-13 ubudala kwaye Amaza zikhule ngokulinganayo kwaye hayi ngokukhawuleza. Kwandule ke ukubakho Ekuveleni ngokungqalileyo kunye namasebe yobuso. Emva kweminyaka 13 iqala ukubonisa umahluko ngesondo. Xa amakhwenkwe, yaba lukakayi uba evuthelweyo ngakumbi kwaye isiqabu, emantombazaneni lirhangqwa kwaye egudileyo. Phela, amabhinqa umlinganiselo isebe ingqondo ngaphantsi kunamadoda (ukususela amathambo wabo umgaqo elingezantsi into eyindoda ubukhulu).

okungakumbi iminyaka yabo

Gqolo ukukhula inde kunye nophuhliso kummandla yobuso, kodwa emva kweminyaka 20-25, waza wehlisa phantsi. Emva kokuba le ndoda abaneminyaka engama-30 uqale ukukhula ezivuzayo. Xa abadala kukho ukuhla luthambe kunye namandla amathambo (kubandakanywa intloko), kukho deformation lommandla yobuso (ikakhulu ngenxa mazinyo kunye ukonakala umsebenzi masticatory). skull Human, ogama iifoto kuyabonakala ngezantsi, woba kwindoda endala, kwaye kucacile kwangoko.

Arch kunye nesiseko

Brain skull ubunjwe iinxalenye ezimbini ukungalingani. Umda phakathi kwabo inabela ngezantsi kancinane umgca isebenza ukusuka kolunye udini, uye inkqubo infraorbital zygomatic. It ingqamana suture nesinqumka-zygomatic ngoko udlula phezu zangaphandle ive yokuvula ifikelela The Ridge Occipital. isiqulathi abangaboniyo kunye Amaza azinayo imida ecacileyo, ngoko eli candelo lunemiqathango.

Nantoni na ngaphezu lo umda mgca erhabaxa, eyaziwa ngokuba igumbi okanye eluphahleni. Arch akhiwa Parietal kunye namathambo ngokungqalileyo kunye Occipital kunye namathambo nezenyama. Onke amacandelo e-arch - flat.

Isiseko efanayo - uyinxalenye esezantsi intamo. kuvulwa enkulu sesazulwini sayo. kwisisu Therethrough cranial edibene lomsele vertebral. Ngoko kukho amayeza ezininzi luvo kunye imithambo yegazi.

Yintoni amathambo zenza isiseko yokakayi

Umphezulu icala isiseko akhiwa zidityaniswe ithambo zexeshana (ngakumbi ngqo, izikali zabo). Emva kwabo ilingane ithambo Occipital, nto leyo iba imilo hemispherical. Le nkqubo ibandakanya iindawo eziliqela tyaba, nto leyo xa eneminyaka engama-3-6 ihlanganiswa ngokupheleleyo abe mnye. Phakathi kwabo imbobo enkulu. Ngokwenene, i-Amaza ibandakanya inxalenye kuphela basilar kwaye sobuKristu ithambo Occipital.

Enye into ebalulekileyo isiseko - amathambo sphenoid. Idibanisa kunye cheekbones, lo somhlaba kunye ithambo lacrimal, yaye ukongezelela kuzo - kunye Occipital esele zikhankanywe kunye temporal.

ithambo ngoonobumba wenziwa iinkqubo ezinkulu nezincinane, kwaye amaphiko yomzimba wakhe. Kuyinto macala kwaye ufana ibhabhathane okanye beetle enamaphiko twa. kumphezulu wayo obungalinganiyo, benqumla, kunye amaqhuma ezininzi, ilenze kunye nemingxuma. Ukususela nesinqumka ithambo Occipital na sinhrondozom enxibeleleneyo.

base ngaphakathi

Kumphezulu isiseko engaphakathi - phakathi olungalinganiyo lahlulwe ukuphakama yinqobo kuye. It recapitulates-mphandle ebuchotsheni. yangaphakathi skull base luquka imingxuma ezintathu: a ngasemva, phakathi kunye ngaphambili. Eyokuqala kwezi anzongonzongo kakhulu kwaye capacious. It ukhandwa iinxenye Occipital, sphenoid, ithambo Parietal, kwakunye kumphezulu elingasemva iphiramidi. Le fossa ngomva imbobo ngeenxa zonke, zona zikhoyo kwi Occipital yangaphakathi Buze Occipital Crest.

Emazantsi fossa ophakathi zezi: bone sphenoid, enamaxolo komhlaba ithambo zexeshana kunye umphezulu ngaphambili iphiramidi. Embindini yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi- iinqwelo asukuba Turkish, leyo likwaneklinkhi lo yebhinqa. Kwi siseko sella efanelekileyo carotid sulcus. amacandelo Side fossa eliphakathi ezinzulu, imingxuma eziliqela kuzo zifunelwa luvo (kuquka visual).

Ngokumalunga phambi kwisiseko, oko amiliswe ngaphakathi iphiko encinane ithambo sphenoid, inxalenye Orbital wethambo ngokungqalileyo yaye ethmoid. Ukukhonza (central) yinxalenye fossa kuthiwa cockscomb.

indawo engaphandle

Yintoni na ke Amaza evela ngaphandle? Okokuqala, inxalenye yawo ngaphambili (ezahlula kwethambo inkalakahla, amazinyo, yaye umda iinkqubo maxillary alveolar) efihliweyo amathambo ubuso. Okwesibini, isiseko ngasemva ukhandwa wazahlula zezomzuzwana, ithambo Occipital. Njengoko kukho iintlobo imigodi lokudlula kwemithambo yegazi kunye luvo. Kwisabelo esisezantsi wenqwelwana obugubungele magnum foramen, emacaleni kuzo condyles igama elifanayo. Bona ahlangene kumhlathi wesibeleko vertebral. Phezu olungaphandle isiseko styloid ame kwaye mastoid sphenoid pterygoid ithambo kunye nemingxuma amaninzi (jugular, stylomastoid) kunye nemijelo.

ukulimala

Isiseko lukakayi, Ngethamsanqa, kungekhona nje njengamaJuda isethi. Ukonakala kule nxalenye zinqabile kakhulu, kodwa ukuba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi babangela ukuba ukuwa ukusuka kumphakamo enkulu, kulandele ukugaleleka entloko okanye imilenze, iingozi kunye amaqhuma kwi emhlathini ezisezantsi ubuvuvu empumlo. Kaninzi ngenxa yeso senzo yonakele ithambo zexeshana. Kwamathambo base sikhatshwe liquorrhea (kokuphela ulwelo fluid ukusuka endlebeni okanye ukusuka impumlo), bleedings.

Ukuba yonakele le fossa akudala cranial, kwakheka amaYiputa abephathe iingono ngeenxa zonke amehlo, ukuba avareji - abephathe iingono kummandla inkqubo mastoid. Ngaphandle liquorrhea kunye nokopha kwi evela kuziphuko zendalo isiseko zingenzeka ubuthulu, ukungabi ukungcamla, uphelelwa ngamandla, kwaye umonakalo luvo.

Ukwenzakala kwi siseko ukakayi ikhokelela kwi engcono ugobile yomqolo, kanti okubi - ukugqiba ukukhubazeka (kuba nesiphumo ukuxhumana phakathi CNS nobuchopho). Abantu abathe baba kwamathambo olu hlobo badla ubunzima meningitis.