Lenxaki oscillations harmonic nokubaluleka kwayo isifundo uhlobo iinkqubo oscillatory

Zonke harmonics banentetho zezibalo. iimpawu zabo ephawula uluhlu quadratic trigonometrical, ukuntsonkotha leyo emiselwe ukuntsonkotha inkqubo oscillatory, iimpawu inkqubo kunye nokusingqongileyo apho kwenzeka, ngamanye amazwi, imiba yangaphandle ezichaphazela inkqubo oscillation.

Ngokomzekelo, xa ubuchwephetshe bokuba oscillation harmonic yintshukumo, nto leyo zibandakanya:

- ubuntu kuqonde;

- yokungalingani;

- ezihambayo imizimba, olwenzeka yi indlela sine okanye cosine njengomsebenzi ixesha.

Ngokusekelwe kwezi zakhiwo, kunokubangela harmonic oscillations lenxaki, leyo ifomu:

x = A cos ωt okanye fomu x = A ωt isono, apho x - isilungelelanisi ixabiso A - ixabiso awo of oscillation, ω - ingumlingani.

Loo inxaki of oscillations harmonic kubalulekile ukuba zonke oscillations harmonic, nekuxoxwa ngazo kwi yeefom kunye ubucukubhede.

Isalathisi ωt, nto leyo kule formula emele umqondiso netrigonometri, ngokuba isigaba kwaye achonge indawo ubunzima indawo jinga ngexesha kunikezelwa awo elinikiweyo. Xa kuqwalaselwa ukuhla elibujikele icandelo esebenzayo ilindele 2n, oko kubonisa inani intlokoma mechanical ngaphakathi komjikelo ixesha luchazwa w. Kulo mzekelo, inxaki of oscillations harmonic iqulethe njengendlela ixabiso index of a (setyhula) frequency elibujikele.

Thina ucinga inxaki of oscillations harmonic, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, ungathatha iindidi ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi. Umzekelo, nantsi ukhetho. Ukuze ingqalelo umahluko equation of oscillations ezamahala harmonic, umntu kufuneka ingqalelo yokuba bonke badla eziphango. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo oscillation, le meko izibonakalisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: ukumisa umzimba elihambayo, ukupheliswa radiation kwiinkqubo zombane. Umzekelo elula ebonisa ukuncitshiswa isakhono oscillatory, ukuguquka yayo ibe izenzo amandla obushushu.

Le equation ngamnye ifomu: d²s / dt² + 2β x DS / dt + ω²s = 0. Kule yokubala: s - ixabiso linyuka ixabiso ubonakalise iimpawu inkqubo ethile, β - rhoqo ebonisa damping lomlingani, ω - rhoqo elibujikele.

Ukusetyenziswa kwale formula kuvumela indlela ukuya inkcazelo iinkqubo oscillatory kwiinkqubo linear ngokwembono enye, kwaye ukwenza uyilo kunye yokulinganisa iinkqubo oscillatory kwinqanaba uvavanyo lwezenzululwazi.

Umzekelo, oku kwaziwa ukuba oscillations damped kwinqanaba lokugqibela obubonakala angabikho harmonic, okt kudidi oluqukuqelayo kunye nexesha ukuze nje ube engamampunge kunye amabango ayibonwa.

Indlela yakudala ukufunda intlokoma harmonic yenza oscillator harmonic. Ngendlela elula ukuba yinkqubo apho uchaza equation mahluko of oscillations harmonic: DS / dt + ω²s = 0. ke, obuziintlobo ezininzi iinkqubo oscillatory kukhokelela ngokwendalo kwinto yokuba kukho inani elikhulu oscillators. Apha ke iintlobo eziphambili:

- a oscillator spring - umthwalo eqhelekileyo ukuba ubunzima m ethile, leyo lunqunyanyisiwe phezu yasentwasahlobo elastic. It oscillates uhlobo harmonic, echaziweyo yi kwifomula F = - TE.

- oscillator emzimbeni (pendulum) - eqinileyo, oscillates ezijikeleze axis ezingashukumiyo phantsi kweempembelelo amandla ethile;

- pendulum zezibalo (ngokwesimo ngokubonakalayo lungenzeki). Le nkqubo imodeli efanelekileyo eyenziwa umzimba jinga wenyama ukuba ubunzima ethile, leyo lanqunyanyiswa imisonto engqongqo ikhaphukhaphu.