Leningrad NPP: ibali. Power Leningrad NPP

unikezelo ungaphazanyiswa amandla zonke zokuhlala - omnye wemiba ephambili ebalulekileyo yolawulo loluntu. Kulo mba, yonke kummandla Russian Federation ngendlela wakha izitishi ezahlukeneyo ukuvelisa umbane. Enye yezi Leningrad NPP. Imbali indalo yayo kunye nophuhliso eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Trip kwixesha elidlulileyo

Ingcamango yokwakha mveliso lisukela emva kwiminyaka yoo-1960. Aprili 15, 1966 wamkelwa isigqibo, nto leyo eza kubophelela ukwenza iprojekthi ngenxa apho ubomi bakhe ephepheni ukuqala iLeningrad NPP. iinyanga ezintlanu emva zonke ezifunekayo uxwebhu sele ilungiswe.

Kwaye ngoNovemba, iBhunga labaPhathiswa yamkela isigqibo ukuqalisa ukwakha isikhululo yokuqala, yaye Uziphawulile zonke kubume bombutho kunye nokusebenza neenkampani wesithathu ukuphumeza isicwangciso practice.

ekubekeni isisekelo

Ukwakhiwa kwesikhululo yaqala kunye embe emhadini. komhlaba emele yokuqala iphakamile ngoJulayi 6, 1976. Ngoko ke, i iLeningrad Nuclear Power Plant, umntu usenokuthi, ekuqaleni kwakhe 'ubomi. " Ukuze enze umsebenzi iingcali eziphambili iwelding inxaxheba, ulwakhiwo Steel, abakhi kunye nezinye iingcali zobunjineli.

Running iiyunithi yokuqala neyesibini

NgoDisemba 23, 1973, uthumo olukhethekileyo karhulumente iye yenziwa ukwamkelwa yeyunithi amandla yokuqala. Ngenxa yoko le mveliso wenyukliya iLeningrad akwazi ukuqalisa ukusebenza kwawo ngokupheleleyo. Ngowe-1975 oko yasungulwa iyunithi yesibini, kunye nofakelo waqalisa Inqanaba lesibini kwiziko mveliso. Ezi imisebenzi yaqala May 10, 1975. Ukwakhiwa kwezakhono ezitsha sele inikezelwe ixesha kabini ngaphantsi kwe kuneyokuqala.

Ngexesha ukuyilwa kwalo ezintsonkothileyo uphuhliso lwenzululwazi olutsha, ukwanda noyilo sbornost zaye zathathelwa ingqalelo iimpazamo ezidlulileyo yaqaliswa, nto leyo eyabangela ukuyilwa kwento uyilo olutsha leeyunithi zamandla enyukliya kummandla Leningrad. Kwakhona satshintsha ukwakheka kweenkqubo kunye nezakhiwo.

Iimpawu kokwakhiwa kwisakhiwo esitsha

Ngenxa intsebenziswano phakathi kweenkonzo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemibutho yanikezelwa ukuphucula umgangatho imisebenzi ufakelo. Eli qonga sinikeza imibhobho ezintsha, welding efuna ixesha elincinci. Milenge kwakhona ethole ngokutsha. Iintente atshintshileyo idrafti-Teplyakov, apho yaba kunokwenzeka kwinqanaba sebandla reactor shelwe ngaxeshanye kunye namanye kunye nezinye iindawo ezazikade ngenqanawa ngesambuku, ngenxa apho wachitha ixesha computer ebiza yaye zila inkqubo yonke.

amandla wesithathu

Qala ukwakhiwa kwale mihla ezinzima emva kuqala ngoFebruwari 1977. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba isakhelo wokwakha shelwe kwexesha irekhodi waza wagqitywa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Isantya ukwakhiwa eetoni 1560 ngenyanga nganye. Eli nani nje enkulu, nkqu ngexesha lethu.

iziphumo ezigqwesileyo ziye zabona kwi eziphambili iinkqubo reactor compound. Ngokukodwa, ngamajelo lobuchwepheshe kunye neendlela zokwakha kwakhiwa kwiintsuku nje 78. Xa kuthelekiswa pulley yokuqala, babengama-iintsuku 169, kwaye kwindawo yesibini - 118.

Ngenxa yoko, iLeningrad NPP, nto leyo ibonisa iifoto kweli nqaku, waba kwibhloko yesithathu iminyaka emibini enesiqingatha ngokukhawuleza.

amandla wesine

Xa phambili, siphawula ukuba ixesha zokwakha lawo kakhulu mncinane xa kuthelekiswa kunye yangaphambili "bazalwana."

Iinyanga zokuqala zaye zachithwa kwizakhiwo uhlanganiso zeyunithi reactor 4 kwiziza kwindibano ekhethekileyo th 1980. Xa oku amalungiselelo yesekethe yothutho esebenzayo kunibonelela imveliso ezithathwe ngqo kwi kwizikhondo reactor. Sisebenzise ukulayisha nesakhelo kunye imiqadi crane iqhotyoshelwe kule mali emibini. Layisha umthamo ngamnye kubo malunga 300 neetoni.

Ebekiweyo phambi nabadibanisi accounted for kwiinyanga ezisibhozo kuphela. Isuke yaba yinto encinane kakhulu, kuba ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi onjalo kungathatha iinyanga 29.

Ngaphandle kokuya iinkcukacha wonke umsebenzi, umzekelo, ukuba iyunithi yesine reactor yakhiwe ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintlanu ezinesiqingatha. Oku wavumela December 26, 1980 ukwenza ibhloko ukuqala emzimbeni, yaye ngoFebruwari 1981, wayibeka phantsi umthwalo efunekayo.

station Iimpawu Technical

Zizonke umthamo kummandla iLeningrad NPP kubalwa lula: ngamnye iziphumo ezine amandla ka 1000 MW ngamandla. Ukongeza, siye zibonise eqikelelwayo ukuvelisa amandla ombane ngonyaka. Kuyinto ulingana kWh 28 ezigidi. Ekugcinweni yempilo eqhelekileyo echithwe ukususela-8 ukuya 8.5% ombane wayo.

station amathuba

Leningrad intsimi amandla enyukliya kwenza zikhutshwa mbane isiqingatha semali engange-eneji efunekayo ukuze umsebenzi abaqhelekileyo kwi mmandla. Xa sithetha amanani eziphathekayo, isibonelelo-atom ekuqaleni kuka-2012 uye wenza konke amacandelo ayo amandla okuvelisa zomyalelo 846 ezigidi kWh umbane.

kwempucuko

Ngo-Agasti 2007, umsebenzi waqalisa ekuphuculeni MSRs. Kwakhona indawo semigudu ezimbini ezizodwa kumgca lampompoza le iimpompo ejikeleza elahliweyo evenkileni reactor. Ekugqityweni kwale misebenzi Oktobha 1, 2007 aqalisa ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwakhona.

Iyunithi wesithathu nayo ukufumene ezinye utshintsho zobugcisa ngo-2007. Wayirhola ingqalelo pholisa olungxamisekileyo le reactor indawo amajelo zeteknoloji, ethe yanceda ukwenza ubomi kweziko iminyaka engamashumi amabini.

izigameko

Ngokupheleleyo nayiphi na ingozi kwi iLeningrad NPP - kuyingozi kakhulu kuba oko kunokukhokelela neziphumo vuhlayiseki kunye iingxwelerha phakathi kwabasebenzi kunye nabahlali mmandla. Ngelishwa, ezi ziganeko zenzeka, yaye kubo kubalulekile ukukhumbula ngokwahlukeneyo.

Umzekelo, ngoJanuwari 1974 kwakukho detonation le hydrogen kwisikhululo igesi-mvume. Sele ngenyanga nje baqalisa ubilise amanzi, nto leyo isando amanzi eyingozi kakhulu, wabatshabalalisa isiphaluka eliphakathi kwibloko yokuqala. Ngenxa yoko - abafileyo amathathu, kwaye ukuvuza kwamanzi kakhulu, ziyingozi kakhulu.

Ngosuku yokugqibela kaNovemba 1975, wawa (okanye mandithi, ziyanyibilika) isitishi amafutha. Le ngozi kukhokelele kukhululwe nesiqingatha sesigidi Ru (umxube kwezinto radioactive). Iingcali ezininzi kule mini kucingwa ungumhambeli phambili ingozi ye iChernobyl intlekele.

Matshi 1992 - esinye amafutha channel ukuthotywa, kodwa iqela lesithathu. Ngokusekelwe iziganeko enyukliya isikali ngamazwe kweli bali liye wabelwe amanqaku ama-2.

NgoJanuwari 1996, kwaye kwafunyaniswa avuza wogcino bachitha inombolo amafutha enyukliya 428. kwathiwa kususwe ingxenye.

May 20, 2004 iyunithi yesine yamiswa ngenxa kokukhutshwa zomphunga eqhumayo. Ngaba le meko kaxakeka i ngenxa ngengozi ngokunqakraza iqhosha kwigumbi yokusebenza olungxamisekileyo. Ngethamsanqa, akukho bantu baye ubuhlungu. Enkungwini ilifu phezu ezimbini iiyure lihamba ngendlela kwicala le lali Koporje.

NgoDisemba 18, 2015 malunga 14.00 ukuya kuchaphazela ukuthembeka yeyunithi umbhobho deaerator evenkileni samanzi. Enkungwini eyangena izakhiwo zobugcisa. Abanye abasebenzi ziye zithunyelwe ekhaya. -Reactor emiswa yi-unit yesibini. Akukho mntu woniweyo kwaye kungekho monakalo. Noko ke, njengoko iingcali qiniseka, le meko usindiswa kukuba umoya ngaloo mini wawuvuthuzela kwicala Gulf of Finland.

ukuba umdla

Leningrad NPP, idilesi leyo ngoku afumaneka kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo yolwazi ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki, kukho: Russia, ummandla iLeningrad, Sosnovy Janai. Emva kokuba kokugunyaziswa Unit 4 ngo-1981, lo mhlaba emi kwindawo yesithathu ngamandla, kancinane nje emva kwisityalo Bugey eFransi kunye Japanese Fukushima-1.

Leningrad NPP, Sosnovy Janai ilikhaya indawo, libhekisela i-Open Joint Stock Company "inkxalabo Russian ukwenzela ukuvelisa umbane kunye namandla thermal izityalo amandla enyukliya" Rosenergoatom ukususela ngo-2002 ". Chwetheza zamandla ezifakwe isikhululo - amanzi-mifanekiso ku neutron thermal.