Le isinqandi ngaphezulu okanye "zinendlela"? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba endleleni "zinendlela 'emelana?

Amaxesha amaninzi, abaqhubi beemoto abo basandula kuqalisa uyanamathela kuphela ebaluleke ngokukodwa inkqubo injini Ukupholisa le moto, kodwa ngokubanzi babe bengazi ukuba mabenze ntoni xa ezaliswe imoto yabo. Esi simo sengqondo yaba icocekile kwaye ukudideka. Ngapha koko, ukhetho oluchanekileyo kuxhomekeke kuphela kwi imeko zobugcisa emotweni, kodwa impilo yakho. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ntoni na anti-ngumkhenkce kakhulu okanye "zinendlela" xa kuthelekiswa nabanye.

prehistory

Enyanisweni, nembambano leyo ezinokuvela kuphela kwilizwe lethu, kamsinya nje siye ndandisenza lohlelo yale hlobo lulwelo. Isibakala sokuba "zinendlela" - le zinendlela efanayo, kodwa Russian-eyenziwe. Ngenxa yoku, zimoto ezininzi uqaphele kakhulu kokusebenza kwalo, wakhetha ukuba bazalise le inxaxheba iimoto iyabiza kwaye ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Kuyinto elungileyo, ukuba bathi umngcipheko "angqubeke" kwi inkohliso kulo mzekelo, yaye inyaniso mkhulu kakhulu, kodwa amazwe isinqandi fake ngaphantsi kancinci. Ngoko ke umbuzo ngokwawo malunga yintoni isinqandi engcono okanye "zinendlela", xa kuthelekiswa umgangatho, azichanekanga kangako. Kuyinto bubudenge ukuthelekisa ulwelo efanayo. Ngaba ndakha pereinachit esi sihloko: ngcono (okanye okubi) njengesipholisi Domestic kuthelekiswa osi angaphandle?

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, simele sazi ithiyori. Kakade ke, ukuze bafunde bonke malunga nokubanda kunye zinendlela ukusuka ezinjalo ayikwazi koomofu, kodwa iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo ungafumana ngokuqinisekileyo.

Jikelele ulwazi olusebenza

Njengoko sinokungqinelwa phantse zonke iingcali izithuthi, hayi ngaphantsi kwe-20% kuzo zonke ukusilela injini ezinobudlewane okupholisa engamanzi ngqo, kunye nenye-44% - ngokungathanga ngqo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukhetho okulungileyo, kuya kukunceda ukuba ugcine yakhe eninzi njengoko kuncendile ukulungisa injini - isiganeko ekunzima ukuba kwaziwe ukuba ngexabiso kakhulu (ingakumbi kumazinga exchange lwangoku).

Ngokuqhelekileyo, yonke ulwelo sokupholisa kubume bayo ziquka ethylene iikhompawundi ethers (ngamaxesha ambalwa propylene ethers), ngokunjalo namanzi kunye isixa esikhulu kwezithako esinenjongo eyodwa kukuthintela iinkqubo umhlwa. Kwaye apha "icrux" Ayifani kwimixube kanye abenzi ezahlukeneyo nje iiseti, kunye nokwakhiwa kwezithako, ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yemveliso.

Enyanisweni, baya kwenza eziphambili amahlebo orhwebo abanini zifektri, njengoko ezi izinto zixhomekeke zonke iipropati kuthengiswe ngabo.

Yintoni kufuneka bakhokelwe kwindawo yokuqala?

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, ngcono anti-ngumkhenkce okanye "zinendlela" for imoto yakho, kubalulekile ukuba ufunde imiyalelo okanye incwadi inkonzo, apho umenzi linyanzelekile ukuba ukunika ingcaciso epheleleyo kuhlobo ekhethwayo njengesipholisi kunye bokuqonda ukusetyenziswa kwayo. iinkampani Western badla ucacise iintlobo ezithile nokubanda, nekufuneka zisetyenziswe ezimotweni zabo. Balityhutyha ke lonke lwaseNtshona Koloni ziba zophando kunye neemvavanyo, yaye ngoko nakanjani ukulimaza umatshini wakho.

Kodwa luya kuba lukwanele lwamazwi. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yintoni na isinqandi engcono okanye "zinendlela", xa uthelekisa ezi iziselo kunye nabanye. Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, kufuneka wazi ukuba le khompawundi ziveliswa kubuchwepheshe ezintathu ezahlukeneyo.

• Traditional. Kule meko ongeziweyo zisetyenziswa zidalwe ngokusekelwe iityuwa acid (ngamanye amazwi, silicates, nitrites, nitrate, phosphate kunye ezifana. D.).
• Carboxylate (oat). Ukuba kakuhle chemistry, uya kubona ukuba kule meko asetyenziswa, phezu koko, iityuwa acid eziphilayo (carbonate, ukuba ngqo).
• Hybrid. Kulo mzekelo, i njengesipholisi is generated ngokusekelwe package eziphilayo ongeziweyo, zikhoyo kwi ekwakhiweni imali ezingephi silicates kunye / okanye phosphate.

Ngoko ke yintoni zinendlela ngcono, kutheni? Kwaye ngoku ukuba zibaluleke kakhulu. Domestic eziveliswa ngendlela yemveli, ngoxa yokungenisa eyenziwe ubuchwepheshe carboxylate. Ngako oko, ukuze siqonde amandla kunye nobuthathaka babo, kuyimfuneko ukwazi iimpawu ezaqanjwa efanayo. Siza sihlolisise iimpawu ezisibhozo ephambili ukuba kuvela kunye nokusebenza mihla nasiphi na isithuthi.

Kuphazamisa okanye aphazamise?

Hi ndlela leyi, ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba endleleni "zinendlela 'emelana? Ukuba ufunda ngenyameko inkcazelo enikwe ngasentla, kufuneka sele uyazi impendulo. Hayi, angafanele ukwenza. Ngaphezu koko, khangela le imibala eyahlukileyo iintlobo anti-ngumkhenkce kbavelisi ezahlukeneyo. Elinye icebiso. Ngaphambi kokutshintsha isinqandi (okanye "zinendlela") pula kakuhle injini ngamanzi enkolo. Ukwakhiwa entsha unokuhluthiswa kuphela emva kokuba inkqubo sokupholisa baya kuzihluza ulwelo ahlambuluke ngokupheleleyo.

Umxube nokuba kwinkampani enye, kodwa ukuba umbala owahlukileyo, ukuba aphazamise ngqongqo akukho mfuneko. Kodwa abhalwa kbavelisi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa umbala omnye, oko kungenziwa songeza omnye nomnye. Akukho nto ezinkulu kulo mzekelo akuyi kwenzeka. Ngoko ke ubone ukuba ungafumana endleleni "zinendlela" zinendlela.

njengesipholisi Procedure replacement

Kuluncedo kusoloko ukuphinda inkqubo kokutshintsha njengesipholisi.

• Sibeka imoto ukuze inxalenye ngaphambili waba phantsi exandekeni okungephi.
• Ukhulule plug uze uwutshise kulwelo kwangaphambili container eyolukileyo kunye nentamo ebanzi.
• Isixokelelwano sokupholisa le akuhlanjwanga ngamanzi Yek eziqhelekileyo apho kuyanqweneleka ukudibanisa umxube wokucoca okhethekileyo. Ugcwaliso Amanzi, ukujija zonke iminqwazi kunye iiplagi. Emva koko kufuneka uqale imoto ndize ndivule imbawula ngokupheleleyo kukhala ikhabhathi. Ndinike lona ukusebenzela ukuba imizuzu elishumi.
• Isisombululo wachitha iyakhutshwa, le nkqubo iphindiwe amaxesha amabini okanye amathathu.
• 2/3 fill receiver isinqandi ukubunjwa, kwaye ishiya ityhubhu evulekileyo, injini yesithuthi baleka. Oku kuya susa ukusuka kwindlela yakho zonke zomoya. Silindele ukuba yonke imizuzu efanayo elishumi, songeza ne anti-ngumkhenkce kwinqanaba elifunekayo, uvale itanki.

apholisayo Ukuphumelela

Xa uqala kuqala, ubuchwepheshe eqhelekileyo Kulungile ukuba zoomatshini sikhusela nesinyithi kwiindawo umhlwa. Njani? Ezi zililo zenza umaleko 0.5 mm ubukhulu, leyo, ukulungisa phezu iindawo, ithintela uphuhliso neenkqubo umhlwa.

Yiloo nto kuphela conductivity wobushushu ifilimu kubi kangangokuba Ukupholisa injini kungancitshiswa ngama- 50%, okungalungileyo. Ngamafutshane, le lwasekhaya "zinendlela" adla usebenze nje yokwambathisa obalaseleyo! I-injini iqala ukuba shushu ngokugqithisileyo rhoqo (nangona ebaluleke), yaye oku kukhokhelela ekufuneni ukusetyenziswa kwayo nemigaqo apho yinto nje iteknoloji akazange etshintshwe apha. Uthwala phandle ngokukhawuleza, kunyusa amafutha kunye amathontsi namandla.

ulwelo Carboxylate kulo mba ngokucacileyo makakhokele. Zakha kwakhona umaleko yokhuselo, kodwa ubukhulu balo umkhulu 0,0006 mm (60 angstroms). Le filimu kwakusele phantse nafuthe inkqubo ekususeni ubushushu ukusuka injini, kodwa ngenxa yokuba shushu ngokugqithisileyo. Ngoko kuba kokona kulungileyo: isinqandi okanye "zinendlela"? Indlela ukukhetha phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini ulwelo ngaba ngokwenene uxhomekeke kuphela kulo msebenzi? Ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo.

Ixesha ukusebenzisa njengesipholisi

Iingcali singatsho siqinisekile ukuba phantse 90% amatyala, ukuba a antifreezes zasekhaya, njengoko ongeziweyo zisetyenziswa ikakhulu silicates kunye nitrites. Silicates kulo mzekelo, idityaniswe ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko-aluminiyam, lo gama nitrites ziyasebenza ukhukuliseko cavitation.

Kakade ke, ukwakhiwa ke njengesipholisi na ngeyona ndlela inenzuzo enkulu elungeleleneyo. Kodwa ukuba kuthe kwenzeka ukuba amanye amacandelo iindleko, "zinendlela" ngokukhawuleza uphelelwa zonke iimpahla zazo, kwaye ke ngoko kakuhle bakhuselwe injini nobushushu kwakunye umhlwa. Inyaniso kukuba ngenxa lobushushu eliphezulu kunye neminye imiba, silicates kunye nitrites phantse kwenze ngokupheleleyo ngaphakathi 30-35 ophosa. Ngako oko, ulwelo okupholisa emva kweli thuba zonke iimpahla zazo ezilahlekileyo phantse yonke.

Ulwelo senziwa ngenxa organic iityuwa, phantse musa ukunciphisa umgangatho wabo lonke ixesha layo lokusebenza. Kwezithako phantse musa kwenze, isisombululo lonke ixesha lokusetyenziswa cishe eyohlobo olulodwa. Ngoko ke, zinendlela ezininzi amazwe unako ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo iminyaka emibini (hayi ngaphantsi kwe-100 ophosa).

Kodwa! Kusengaphambili abaqhubi beemoto abo basandula kuqalisa, ukuba ukutshintshwa kulwelo okupholisa ( "zinendlela" okanye nokubanda) kufuneka yenziwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye hayi emva jika ukwakhiwa ibe yinto icky.

Protection aluminiyamu aluminiyamu kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kunye nomthwalo omkhulu

Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba ishishini leemoto ukubaluleka ikhula mihla eqhotyoshelwe ukusetyenziswa kwe-aluminiyam kwaye aluminium yayo. Ngokukodwa, nkqu iinjini ziveliswa kwezi zinto. Ndimele nditsho ukuthi ulwelo yethu okupholisa kudityaniswe embi kakhulu-aluminiyam, njengoko phantse ke musa ukukhusela izinto ekubeni kutshatyalaliswa kumaqondo obushushu ezigqithisileyo kunye imithwalo.

Uphando lufumanise ukuba kwiqondo lobushushu ngasentla 105 ° C "zinendlela" phantse liyayeka ukukhusela aluminum. Eneneni, ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zayo sele kudala isetyenziswa kubavelisi zonke iintlobo ehamba ngemoto.

Kwelinye icala, iikhompawundi carboxylate kule ndawo kubonisa indlela yokusebenza ephezulu kakhulu. Iingcali baqhuba iimvavanyo ezininzi kwi umhlwa onamandla kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, wafumanisa ukuba ezikumgangatho ophezulu isinqandi ikuvumela ukusebenza injini eyenziwe aluminium ingxubevange nge 45-60% elide.

Umsebenzi Impompo lulwelo elide

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ukusilela engundoqo pump engamanzi Ityala a cavitation hydrodynamic. Ngamafuphi, lo ukuyilwa egesi ezininzi cerebrospinal kunye indlela yabo ukubutyazwa ekhawulezileyo ukusuka iindawo zokusebenzela. Ngenxa yoko, zonke izinto yesibini phantsi ukuba hydrodynamic olu hlaselo, into leyo eyenza igalelo ukuthotywa ngokukhawuleza intsimbi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, umngxuma ibunjiwe iindawo nakanjani.

Kodwa ke kule meko Ndingathanda ukuncoma ukuba 'ukukhokela "kwi abenzi isibhengezo. Imithetho physics Akunakumqhatha, kwaye umahluko phakathi isinqandi kunye "zinendlela" ngoko Akukho neze. Akukho ukhuseleko isinqandi ukwanda kulo mzekelo, awukwazi ukunika.

ukhuselo Motor nxamnye Imikhumbi cavitation

usenokungayibo- lobushushu eliphezulu ziphantsi cavitation njengoko cylinder lwemoto injini nqanawa. Kule meko kuziveza "zinendlela". Sele bathi it yakha zamafu zokuzikhusela umboniso, nto leyo isebenza ngakumbi ukuze kunqandwe ukutshatyalaliswa intsimbi.

Uzinzo ubume kunye neempawu

Silicates, ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa "zinendlela 'ukuba ngumkhwa krakra ukuya kwi ijeli karhulumente. Phosphate efanayo, nayo yinxalenye yale hlobo coolants zikholisa ukuba kwenze xa kwimijikelo rhoqo ukufudumeza nokupholisa. Ndawonye nabo bonke gel it yakha "umxube wesihogo", nto leyo izihlangu ngokupheleleyo radiator kwaye uthintele nokusetyenziswa eqhelekileyo kwesixokelelwano sokupholisa ye injini yemoto. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ezo zililo ulwelo ngokusekelwe carboxylated akanayo ngokupheleleyo kuneengxaki.

Ayahambisana iiplastikhi kunye elastomers

Kwisixokelelwano sokupholisa oomatshini mihla kakhulu kusetyenziswa iplastiki, elastomer, irabha kunye abicah izinto. Ukuqamba Carboxylate azinazo ezi zinto kwi nayiphi na impembelelo embi. Noko ke, ezikumgangatho ophezulu "zinendlela" Kwakhona ayiyitshitshisi irabha, iplastiki kunye abicah, ukuze malunga le khompawundi phantse ngokulinganayo.

Oku kwakhona sinokungqinelwa izifundo zexesha elide abenzi imoto basekhaya angaphandle, abaye bakwazi ukuchonga nawaphi na umahluko ebalulekileyo kule ndawo.

Ngoko kuba kokona kulungileyo: "zinendlela" okanye nokubanda, yaye ukwahlula njani? Ngokubanzi, yonke into elula. Kwizithuthi abadala kunye injini kwesinyithi eyodwa akukho mahluko. Mhlawumbi, kule meko efanelekileyo ngakumbi "zinendlela" (ngenxa ngexabiso eliphantsi). Ngokweliso, umahluko ezi zihlanganisi akwenzeki, kufuneka zithembele kuphela ingqibelelo lomenzi. Kwaye ke ngoko siphakamisa ukuthenga ulwelo kuphela kwiivenkile ezikhethekileyo.

Akukho nto iphosakeleyo ukuba izakusetyenziswa endaweni nokubanda "zinendlela", kodwa ukuba ahlawule ngakumbi utywala cheap, ithengiswa phantsi owazenza ezibiza kakhulu, oko kusoloko ezingemnandi.

Ezinye iindlela umahluko

Noko ke, ezinye iindlela apho beziyeke khona. Ngokomzekelo, abanye "iingcali" bayacetyiswa ukuba ukuzama yayiyincasa ubume: kukholelwa ukuba "zinendlela" yobumnandi kumafa yayo eninzi ethylene. Loo nto nje ukusebenzisa le ndlela luleka thina ngamandla, ekubeni bonke ulwelo uzipholisa injini zinetyhefu (shiyana). Indlela enye ngaba ukwahlula "zinendlela" okanye nokubanda? Ndazi njani ukuba zizaliswe kulo itanki?

Ukuba na othulula umthamo omncinane ubume kwezinye embizeni, ukwenza oko kwaye ujonge le nkqubo: kwi "ipateni yemizobo" yayo "zinendlela" zifana oli yemifuno, lo gama i-anti-ngumkhenkce uninzi zonke Kubonakala ngathi amanzi plain. Khumbula ukuba nokwakhiwa umbala nto ayithethi kuthi njengoko kuxhomekeke kuphela kwi idayi ukuba Ungadibanisa enye (esetyenziswa yi abathengisa imveliso zomgunyathi).

Ngenxa yoko, amatyala ezininzi ezikhokelela nokubanda. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi yeemoto ezintsha ukuba azikhutshwa kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Apha siye phantse ukuba uphendule umbuzo wokuba yintoni kubhetele: "zinendlela" okanye isinqandi (yaye kutheni). Kuhleli ukucacisa iinkcukacha ezimbalwa.

Ukunyamekela malunga nokusingqongileyo

Apha Ukuqamba carboxylate ukubonisa iziphumo ezingcono. Kwaye akukho kangako kumafa yemizimba yethu, kodwa nengqiqo banal. Kufuneka ukuba utshintshe kakhulu njalo, kwaye ngoko ke umonakalo wezokusingqongileyo isicelo ngaphantsi kakhulu. Ekugqibeleni, ewe, ngokwemiqathango imichiza kwimixube carboxylate nto kungcono kakhulu njengoko kulula ukuba uzisebenzise, ngoko musa ukulimaza kokusingqongileyo.

Ngoko ke uyazi yintoni ngcono: isinqandi okanye "zinendlela", nokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba aphazamise le mixube, kwakunye neempawu zawo. Siyathemba ukuba iziphakamiso zethu luncedo kuwe.