Le imfesane yosana kufuneka izitya ezithathu: kuthetha ntoni? kufuneka abe Zingaphi izitya imfesane yosana?

Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, usana olungekazalwa kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo unina kunye ngoncedo zemfundo ezizodwa - intambo yosana. Ngalo ufumana yonke into eyimfuneko ukuze ubomi kunye nokukhula - oksijini kunye nezondlo.

Amabhinqa amaninzi akhulelweyo ngexesha indlela ultrasound bafunda ukuba imfesane yosana kufuneka imikhumbi 3. Baqala ukuba ukhathazeke uzibuza ukuba, "Ingaba oku kulungile?" Kweli nqaku, siza kuphendula kwaye ndikuxelele konke malunga imfesane yosana, kuquka malunga ngezifo yayo kunokwenzeka. Sithemba ukuba le ngcaciso iya kuba luncedo kuwe.

Yintoni imfesane? Yintoni na isakhiwo wayo?

Intambo yosana (aka - intambo yosana) - oku imfundo ekhethekileyo lebhokisi olungekazalwa yaye ngenxa yomkhaya kwaye ivumela ejikeleza fetoplacental. Ngokwangaphandle, kufana intambo helically balahleke okanye nesali kwaye umbala oluhlaza-hina. Ekupheleni intambo ufikelela senyanga yesithathu 50-60 cm ubude, ngoxa ubukhulu bayo zaya khonkcweni linye yosana ilingana 1-2 cm. Nangona kubekho waphawula unxaxho ebalulekileyo ukusuka amaxabiso abangenagama kwicala elinye okanye elinye. Nantsi imfesane yosana. Photo libonisa.

Enye ekupheleni imfesane yosana eziqhotyoshelwe ngumkhaya, kwaye eyesibini - umntwana kwingingqi khonkcweni yosana. Endaweni abantwana oko iqhotyoshelwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka phakathi, kwicala okanye buthelezi. Ayifane intambo yosana kufuneka iqhotyoshelwe kweqokobhe, ukuqhela ukusuka ekupheleni ngumkhaya. Kulo mzekelo, nempahla yaso zifike izitulo umntwana, abadlula phakathi kweqokobhe. Kuyo yonke le imfesane yosana kufuneka ukugoba, misinga kunye bulges ukuba zenzeka ngenxa iimpawu zezakhiwo. Ngokwesiqhelo ke imfesane yosana kufuneka neempahla 3, ababini kubo - oku kwemithambo yosana, yaye omnye - enomzimba-esibiyelwe ngodonga, kunye sayo ezibanzi yosana eVienna. Kunye kwimicu zabo luvo ezikhona. Luvo kunye nemithambo yegazi intambo yosana singqongwe a izihlunu okhethekileyo gelatinous nokuqina ekuthiwa ijeli Wharton kaThixo. It has a zikhusela, ukuvimbela ucinezelo kwemithambo. Intambo yosana zifakwa ngaphandle amnion apho elifutshane 0.5-1 cm ukuya inkaba, uguqulwe isikhumba iziqhamo.

EVienna Umthambo kunye imfesane yosana. Yintoni imisebenzi yabo?

Ngoko ke, seva ukuba nomtya oluqhelekileyo yosana kufuneka imikhumbi 3. imithambo ezimbini enkabeni sivela imithambo iliac lwangaphakathi. Lalihamba igazi usana kunye icarbon dioxide kunye neemveliso pathways endaweni zabantwana. Ngumkhaya Igcwele oksijini kunye nezondlo kuyimfuneko olungekazalwa. Kwakhona, igazi sikhululwe carbon dioxide kunye neemveliso metabolic. Siqhubekela Kwangamoya yosana, ibuyisela emva umntwana. Malunga ne-80% yabo bonke igazi linikelwe kwegazi ngokusebenzisa bile lwakukhula arantsiev ngokwandisa ecaleni kumphezulu esezantsi wesibindi ungena kulo ezantsi ndlela vuphukuphuku. Igazi eliseleyo (malunga nama-20%) sithunyelwa portal igazi ukuhamba phakathi portal ngemithambo enkabeni ngokusebenzisa anastomosis. Athwala unikezelo igazi esibindini womntwana.

Intambo yosana kuzalwa usana. Kwenzeka ntoni kuye emva kokuzalwa kosana lwakho?

Emva kokuzalwa intambo yosana of a kuzalwa ska ikliphu, uze emva koko yekhampasi. Kuba nentshiyekela imfesane yosana, enkabeni ummandla enkulu ukuya emntwaneni, ligature okanye isibiyeli metal Rogovin. Emva kwexesha elithile, i isibiyeli na ezisusiweyo namasalela isuswa ngokunqamla intambo yosana, lemka 2-3 cm ukuba ukunxiba isithuba. Ehlabathini ring yosana lokubeka igozi. Xa Isigaba sesithathu yabasebenzi umfazi uzala nentshiyekela imfesane yosana kunye beendawo nemisipha ezingekazalwa. Emva kokuvela komntwana ozelwe izihlunu imithambo kuncitshiswa reflex, iimpahla zapustevayut kunye lavalwa, kunye nokuhamba kwegazi kubo luyekisiwe. Le ndlela osisilumko yendalo kuthintela ukopha usana, kwimeko intambo yakhe yosana washiywa neperevyazannoy. Kamva, iimpahla ijike ibe kukuqulungana inyama bands.

Iindlela yophando ngumqathango imfesane yosana

Ngokubanzi, imeko intambo kunye kwegazi yayo kunokwenzeka zafunyanwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokuba nzima. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i isifo ultrasound, nto leyo ebonakalisa ukuba azibophelele imfesane yosana entanyeni, izitho umntla yosana olungekazalwa, ngokunjalo kolwalo uluvo. Ngoncedo lwe phonocardiography kunye auscultation ndiyibonakalalise ukuba isifo sentliziyo kuphela, kodwa nesandi izitya imfesane yosana, ebonakala ngenxa singabanjwa umzimba okanye entanyeni wosana olo. Kwakhona, oogqirha ungasebenzisa umbala mapping ndlela, leyo ekulula ukuyibona zonke kwemithambo Doppler yosana kunye Vienna ukuze kuhlolwe, ngokukodwa, kunye nemeko Esibelekweni-placental flow kwegazi. Xa yokuvavanya ilungu langaphantsi kutyhilwa ilahleko kweziporo ngentambo. Emva kokuzalwa ngumkhaya lokuhlola ngumkhaya kunye imfesane yosana uthumele umbandela xa kuyimfuneko iimviwo histological.

Pathology le imfesane yosana. singabanjwa

Eyona ngokuqhelekileyo awadibana nazo ezimbi practice clinical ezifana uthambo azibophelele entanyeni, umzimba kunye nemilenze yosana olungekazalwa kunye Ukuncitshiswa ebalulekileyo imfesane yosana. Eyona elifutshane (ngaphantsi kwe-40 cm), intambo yosana ayiniki umntwana ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwindawo kwalo kwi wesibeleko. Ixesha lonikezelo egxile soluliwe, apho kwimikhumbi enkabeni waphazamisa flow kwegazi. It livalela inkqubela olungekazalwa ngenxa emjelweni wokuzalwa, nto leyo inokukhokelela hypoxia. Maxa wambi kukho ikhefu elifutshane iimpahla intambo okanye yegazi yosana ezinokubangela ukufa kwenkwenkwe. Singabanjwa zisenokuvela nanini na ubude imfesane yosana. Isenokuba ezahlukeneyo - eyodwa okanye ezininzi, tight okanye lathamba, ekwanti okanye idityaniswe. Multiple enesiqu olwandeleyo entanyeni okanye umzimba umntwana kukwaphulwa kwegazi, ekhokelela yokungabikho oksijini kwaye zisongele wona ngaphambi ngumkhaya. Kulo mzekelo, lokuya kubeleka wosondeza mode of delivery encediswa kwicandelo ngoqhaqho.

Mgaqweni yesakhiwo imfesane yosana

Siyazi ukuba nomtya oluqhelekileyo yosana kufuneka imikhumbi 3. Kodwa maxa wambi kukho mgaqweni kwinani imithambo yegazi. 5% abakhulelweyo ezininzi kwaye malunga ne-1% leengxaki singleton isakhiwo elinzima intambo yosana, nto leyo eye ezimbini kuphela imithambo yegazi (Umthambo omnye Vienna) endaweni ezintathu. Unobangela wale isakhiwo anomaly lwe intambo okwangoku ezichongiweyo. Ukungabikho enye Umthambo yosana uhudschaet ejikeleza fetoplacental. Oku kunokubangela ezahlukahlukeneyo iziphene yokuzalwa kwi ndingekazalwa, kuquka isifo sentliziyo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo enzala kunye nenkqubo usana luvo. Kakhulu aplasia ezinqabileyo, okt ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo imfesane yosana. Kulo mzekelo, ingane elidityaniswe ngqo ngumkhaya kunye nophuhliso wayo kakhulu kakuhle.

Maxa wambi ezinye izifo nazo xa befundisa onyango, kuquka kwemithambo yosana umthambo, nomtya omphalocele yosana, oyinyaniso, iindawo ababuxoki, cysts njalo njalo. D.

endaweni yesiphelo

Ngoko ke, siye sijonge indlela neempahla ezininzi kufuneka intambo yosana. Ukongeza, siye safunda njengoko sifundisisa imeko yaso ngethuba lokukhulelwa kokuba luzelwe, nendlela izifo ziyazibhaqekela isakhiwo sayo. Ngethemba, ngoku uyazi ukuba yintoni na intambo oluqhelekileyo yosana kufuneka imikhumbi 3 - kwemithambo amabini kunye Kusenjalo omnye. Bona ukufeza umsebenzi obalulekileyo yokuthutha igazi umntwana ukusuka apho ukuya ngumkhaya.