Le ezayo in bengqondo. Personality wezengqondo. ukhuseleko engqondweni

Igama elithi "kwelivi", esetyenziswa geometry, physics, ngezengqondo kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi, sisuka projectio elithi Latin, nezwi bubonakala "ukuphosa phambili." Ngokukhethekileyo, bamele omnye kwingcingane kwenkqubo zokhuselo nangokwasengqondweni ngamnye.

Iindlela eziphambili wokhuseleko nangokwasengqondweni zobuntu

Ngaphambi kokuba ukuvezwa, le ezayo iya kuba aphume ndawo ukunika inkcazo jikelele lweenkqubo zengqondo ezifana iindlela zokukhusela, ngokunjalo ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na iindlela zokukhusela.

Ingcamango sokuzithethelela engqondweni wazalwa phakathi psychoanalysis. Kuye yaziswa ngunozala iimfundiso uSigmund Freud ngo-1894. Ngokutsho kwakhe, umntu banyamezele ezahlukeneyo izinto ezibuhlungu yaye kunzima aqale ukusebenzisa iindlela wokhuselo nasengqondweni. Ba ngephanyazo nzima uncedo yabantu ukugcina zempilo yengqondo kunye nemfezeko umntu ngokuthi abaziqonda ngokwenene. Yiloo nto ke umsebenzi osemqoka yezi ndlela - ukukhusela ngokuchasene nefuthe elibi yeemeko zangaphandle nezangaphakathi (oko kukuthi, ukususela ngokwakhe) ubuntu. Xa bengqondo, esisebenza ngayo njengoko inaso isiqalo ngamnye, na elikwenzileyo ezweni labo lwabo olulodwa ngaphakathi. Ngoko ke, iindlela ukhuseleko kwimeko nganye ngamnye. Noko ke, izazinzulu asuka kwizifundo ezininzi bakwazi uzihlele kwaye lufumanise iindlela ezininzi ezingundoqo yokhuseleko engqondweni. Bona kuyo phantse yonke imisebenzi zengqondo (inkumbulo, ingqalelo, imbono, ukuyila, iimvakalelo, indlela yokucinga, njalo njalo. D.), Kodwa kwimeko nganye ebusa omnye kuphela. Ngokuxhomekeka oku, kukho iindlela alandelayo zokhuselo ngokwasengqondweni;

1. Kuphika.
2. Ingcinezelo.
3. Zocindezelo.
4. Asemakhaya.
5. Jet Ukwakheka.
6. Ukufakwa.
7. Indida.
8. Dream.
9. Sublimation.
10. Kwelivi (in bengqondo).
11. Identification.
12. Fantasy (iphupha).
13. Dlulisa.
14. Introjection.
15. Depersonalization et al.

Nganye yezi ndlela yinkqubo ngokukodwa aliqulunqileyo yokuhlangabezana namaxhala noxinezeleko. Zinceda umntu ekusombululeni nje ungquzulwano zangaphandle kodwa zangaphakathi. Umzekelo, enkosi ezayo umntu engaqondanga idlulisele uxanduva kunye ityala ezinye kwabo okuhlazisayo (aqonda ngayo) ithambeka omnye umntu, okanye ukuba athi iimpawu okanye neemvakalelo zabanye zabo.

Forms yokhuselo engqondweni

Ngesayensi, kukho iindlela ezine ezisisiseko yokhuselo ngokwasengqondweni, ezizezi: esebenzayo, "bazinikele" olugqithisileyo kunye "nengqiqo".

Ifom esebenzayo wokhuseleko

Nto inokwenzeka ngokuphendla "ekujoliswe" - umntu okanye into ethile, xa umntu, unako axove imo yakho embi okanye ndlongo ezingasetyenziswanga, kwaye ekstrapunitivnosti apho kukho umkhwa ukubeka iimpazamo okanye ekusileleni kwesebe umntu kwabo, kodwa thina . Kule fomu ukhuseleko libhekisela "umsindo wobulungisa" xa umntu ehlala ngezityholo umntu hlamusela ezo mvakalelo ezingakhiyo kuyo ezivelayo, ezifana nomona. Self-utsho ngeendleko ayithobe isidima komnye umntu lolona hlobo ezimbi balo matshinana impendulo yokhuseleko engqondweni. Kwaye, kwakhona, bobabo kolu didi. Ukongeza, ukuba uhlobo esebenzayo wokhuseleko ziquka ukwehla ekhathaza into, oko kukuthi, lo ukufanisa iimpawu zomntu ezimbi, oko okunene ukuba nilime.

ukhuseleko Psychological ngu uzinikele

Xa umntu nokuhlola impumelelo ebomini, imvo ukungoneliseki engaphakathi, yena wabhenela uhlobo nokuwakhusela ukuthula. It lungabonakaliswa gerontolizmom okanye puerilism. Ngokomzekelo, yena uyakwazi ngokundithuthuzela ngokwazo kunye yokuba akukabikho, okanye ngokuchasene noko, ukusola iintsilelo zabo ubudala, bathi, xa ndandiselula, ngoko yonke into eyahlukileyo. Phela, olu hlobo Kwakhona ithetha intropunitivnost (umahluko ekstrapunitivnosti) xa ingulo yesazisi ngokwayo. Kule fomu kakhulu abhenele abantu ndingento yanto.

olugqithisileyo

umntu uyayeka ukuqonda iinkcukacha yonke emibi ngenxa ngokwabo kwaye uve phantsi kweempembelelo iimvakalelo ezinzulu okanye xi izinto ezintle kuphela. Eli qhinga zengqondo ebizwa ukhetho kolwazi kuye into efana indlela lokwala okanye ukuphetshwa, xa umntu akafuni ukukholelwa oko kwenzekileyo kwaye akhanyele.

Babizwa ngokuba "sangaphandle ukhuseleko" Libhekisela oluqhuba "olugqithisileyo" xa umntu cwaka ngesiquphe iqala ukuba siziphathe lobhedu ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye singena nabanye athuke kakhulu. Ukwehla usongo, kunye ixhala nazo ubuchule zifaneleke olugqithisileyo. Ukuba kwimeko yokuqala, indoda kudala kude ingcinga ingozi sijinga phezu kwakhe ngenxa ikhomishini yezenzo ezithile (umzekelo ukutshaya - ngenxa lung umhlaza sisongelo), kwimeko lesibini, ngenxa yokukhathazeka yabo avamise nasihlahla, Yena ufuna izinto ngaphandle. Ngu sverhzaschite lukwaquka reinsurance (soze ukubhabha moya, batye ukutya okunempilo, njalo njalo. D.), nenkanuko, ingcinezelo, sverhkonservatizm, difleksiya (enye ekurhoxisweni ibe wakho), kokuqhawulwa abakuso, depersonalization (xa umntu ukuba kususa ingxaki uqala ukwenza into encinane, njalo njalo. d.), "kunqunyulwa ngeqhina Gordian" (umngcipheko zingqondweni), izenzo zokomfuziselo okanye imikhuba (inkolelo izihlabo), sublimation (ngokutsha amaxabiso ebomini), njalo njalo. d.

Ngendlela, abantu kumanqanaba aphezulu yokhuselo lwengqondo babhenela ngokupheleleyo iindlela ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nethemba, ukucacisa izimvo, uhlalutyo, jonga yokwenene izinto, isimo sengqondo ngokubhekisele ngokwakhe enoburharha njalo njalo. D. Kodwa ke, njengoko le ngxaki inokuba ngumntu wokwenene kuphela. Xa psychology, nangona into yokuba "umntu" gama ziqondeka nasiphi na isidalwa sinikezwe ezingqondweni, intetho, ubuchule njalo njalo. E., Noko ke, kubomi bemihla ngemihla ethetha nomntu, oko kuthetha abo amandla ngokuthanda nabalinganiswa abantu engaqhelekanga kwaye womelele.

Protection nge asemakhaya

Ezi ikakhulu ziquka ufakelo yokuzikhusela, okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba e bengqondo "ngokwakhe igqwetha." Mhlawumbi wonke umbonile movie "Eyona nto umtsalane kwaye inomtsalane." Kulo umlinganiswa ophambili usebenzisa olu hlobo wokhuselo engqondweni. Kwelivi, ubugqwetha, isiphumo endaweni, introjection, ekuzichongeleni nomntu ebalulekileyo ekuhlaleni, zokuchithwa uxanduva kwaye njalo njalo. E. Kwakhona isicelo kukhuselo ngenxa yohlengahlengiso. Maxa wambi kukho Bill of engokoqobo ngohlobo kukho utshintsho kwexesha. Xa umntu yonke into kwenzeka kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, kubonakala phantse kokubhalwa kwembali. Ukongeza kweli nqaku siza kuzama ukuchaza kakuhle yenye yeendlela zokhuselo - nokunyuka. Njengokuba sibonile ngentla apha, ukhuselo kule meko ngenxa yohlengahlengiso.

Yintoni kwingqikelelo?

Le ndlela in bengqondo yindlela zokuthatha iimvakalelo zabo kunye neminqweno emfihlekweni ukuya kwelinye ziyaphila okanye into ezingaphiliyo. Ukusuka lokuqala, kubonakala, yonke into icacile, njengoko kwizinto ezingaphiliyo, oku kwenzeka xa umntu sinikezwe izinto okanye iziganeko zendalo, iimvakalelo zabo, ezifana nokukhathazeka Sea, kwisibhakabhaka elwayo, ukulila willow njalo njalo. D. In elula ukuqonda abantu, ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha abafumana uqhambuko ugonyamelo, kwaye ubona abanye inkohlakalo, ixoki ucinga ukuba bonke fooling bakhe ngeenxa zonke. Oku kungenxa yokuba abantu avume ngokwabo ezi mpawu abakwazi ngokwenene ukuhlola wena ngokungathi ngaphandle, kodwa le ungquzulwano rhoqo ngokwayo kukhokelela yokuba engaqondanga iiholide ukuya kwelivi, ekhaliphileyo introjection - kusikhusela engqondweni. Freud babekholelwa ukuba zifumaneka kakhulu kubantu abane paronoidnym okanye ukuphazamiseka hysteroid. Njengoko lisetyenziswe apha, eli binzana ubizwa mechanism Umbono luluvo, leyo isenokuba elidibanisayo okanye elithabathayo.

Emacaleni ezimbi ezintle ukuhla nokunyuka

Xa abantu abathile ixesha eyiva ingqiqo ityala , okanye xa befumana ixhala kunye noloyiko, ngoko ke baqalise ukusebenza ezingqondweni zabo okanye ezinye iindlela zokuzikhusela. Hi xikombiso, le kwingqikelelo. Xa bengqondo, yinto indlela yokunikezela iimvakalelo zabo kunye neminqweno emfihlekweni kwenye into. Ngokomzekelo, umntu sifumana umnqweno ofihlakeleyo ukutshintsha umfazi wayo; kodwa ukwamkela uze ube neentloni ngayo, iqala ukuba bayile le minqweno kunye nomfazi wakhe. Ngenxa yoko, uqala ukukholelwa ukuba akunjalo, yaye umfazi ufuna ukuyitshintsha. Ngenxa yoko, ngoku uze uqengqa ikhwele yakhe, yathetha ngaye zonke izono ofayo, nangona ngaphandle kwesizathu. Omnye umzekelo ibali neempawu abagugayo owathi, ngenxa yokoyika yokwaluphala, beqala ukubona oontanga babo imiqondiso ukwaluphala ndibunike kubo buqu. Xa igama, ngenxa psychology of imbono ayinyani ngumgaqo leyo isenokuba mhlawumbi elidibanisayo okanye elithabathayo. Le mizekelo ingentla kwicala engakhiyo indlela.

Kwelinye icala, nebonisa kwi psychology unokuba icala entle. Umzekelo, kwingqikelelo ezintle uvelwano, nto leyo ukunyusa iqondo nokuqondana phakathi kwabantu. Uvelwano umntu kwinzululwazi psychological kuthiwa novelwano. Oku kusekelwe zonke indlela projektha efanayo, xa umntu, ukwabelana omnye yoyilo kwi iimvakalelo zakhe. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba uyakwazi ukuqonda ngcono iwonga le "enye".

isiphelo

Iingxaki eziphambili kwingcingane ubuntu, ezibandakanya ingxaki yempilo yayo yengqondo zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo indlela wokhuselo nasengqondweni esebenzisa ngamnye (engaqondanga) ukugcina ingqibelelo zempilo yengqondo yabo.