Eksperimenti Hawthorne kunye nokudalwa ingcamango "ubudlelwane babantu" E. Mayo

Nesazi-nzulu esidumileyo American zentlalo E. Mayo baziswa yokuhlalisana kunye nethiyori yokulawula yi ingcamango ebaluleke kakhulu nanjengoko "ubuhlobo babantu." Eli gama yaba sisiseko hayi kuphela ukuze kwakhiwe imodeli yolawulo lweshishini ezithile, kodwa ukudala ingqiqo ulawulo karhulumente kunye noluntu ngokubanzi.

ingqiqo kwabantu of E. Mayo, i ukuqhubeka somgquba iingcamango zangaphambili (ingakumbi ingqiqo F. Taylor), kubonakala ukuba ubukhulu becala ngenxa kuphando ezinzulu lwenziwa ngoososayensi abaziwa ngokuba Hawthorne nokuhlola.

Ngowe-1927 E. Mayo wafumana isimemo esivela inkampani "Western Electric" ukumisa ingqeqesho kunye kwishishini. Ngaloo ndlela waqala Hawthorne yolingelo, wolula ngexesha eliyiminyaka emihlanu.

imifuniselo Hawthorne E. Mayo ihlanganisa 4 izigaba eziphambili.

Inqanaba lokuqala yaba umfuniselo ukujonga isiphumo ukukhanya nokusebenza umsebenzi. Ekuhambeni abasebenzi zophando yahlulwe ngamaqela amabini: ngcembe omnye kwandise ukhanyiso emsebenzini, omnye ashiywe yonke into njengoko kwakunjalo. isenzo sokuqala "Taylor Umgaqo": kukuphuculwa kweemeko zokusebenza kwakhokelela ekwandeni kwemveliso. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha kwaye iqela lesibini kubekho impucuko, ukongeza, yaye emva kokubuyela iimpawu yokuqala yokusebenza ukhanyiso gqolo ukukhula.

E. Mayo wagqiba ukuba baziva ingqalelo kwi yoko izinto ezintle ngendima enkulu edlalwa isiphumo inxaxheba lwabasebenzi experiment, yaye yintoni ngakwicala ngabasemagunyeni.

Xa Inqanaba lesibini E. Mayo kuvavanywa impembelelo iimeko ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho, ezentlalo kunye nasengqondweni kwimveliso. Ukuze wenze oku, yena wakhetha abasebenzi ezintandathu, angamvaleli ukusuka iqela lilonke, kunye nomncedisi wakhe, idlala indima inkokheli sesikweni, sibanjwe uthotho imifuniselo. Ekuqaleni iimeko zomsebenzi ziye zaphucuka kakhulu: anda umvuzo, yaqalisa breaks ezongezelelweyo, landa inani kwimveliso. Labour kwemveliso ke ngoko, kakade, landa. Kodwa emva kokuba abuyele iimeko zangaphambili ucikizeko lomsebenzi abasebenzi ezikhethiweyo ingaphezulu ezinye. Ukususela iziphumo ezifunyenweyo E. Mayo wagqiba ukuba umsebenzi kubalulekile ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo ethile kunye nabantu nabo baziva bekhululekile. Ngenxa yoko, i-eksperimenti Hawthorne wakwenza kwacaca ukuba badlale sikweni zomanyano ezikhoyo ukuba abasebenzi kubaluleke ngaphezu esesikweni. Ukongeza, naliphi na iqela ngokungacwangciswanga abe yinkokeli, apho oko kunokwenzeka ukuba nefuthe le ezihlangeneyo encinane ngokubanzi.

Isigaba sesithathu unxibe nje yenzululwazi kunye nemiqathango. It ihlolwe abasebenzi amawaka aliqela malunga nesimo sabo kumaqela amancinane, kodwa ekugqibeleni, ezi ngokweentloko akukho hhayi imibono aye anceda ukuphuhlisa.

Xa nqanaba sesine E. Mayo ndagqiba ukubuyela eksperimenti wadala iqela elikhethekileyo abasebenzi inkunzi-14, ngaphakathi leyo iklip umncedisi ngengqondo yakhe. Isigqibo olungundoqo lokwakhiwa nzulu ngokwenziwa ekupheleni ulingelo kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba naliphi na iqela elincinane sesikweni ekugqibeleni yenza yokuziphatha yaso. Ukuziphatha ijolise ekuthinteleni ungquzulwano phakathi iqela ngenxa yokuba iqela ngalinye ukuba ungumlinganiswa onjani na umfuziselo avareji yokuziphatha. Ngenxa yoko, ulawulo nkampani, nto leyo eye ukujongana neqela elikhulu, kananjalo kufuneka ukuba zizame ukuphumeza kwinqanaba elithile yokuziphatha kwisityalo yonke.

Ngokubanzi, i-eksperimenti Hawthorne kunye nezigqibo E. Mayo kwi iziphumo zayo, wafumana impendulo ebanzi zombini kwezesayensi kwindawo yemveliso a, yaye sisiseko ekudalweni Umkhuba yokuhlalisana lwamashishini ezinxulumene ingqalelo, ngakumbi kubasebenzi yakhe enomdla kuzo neemfuno.