Le cape esemazantsi Umzantsi Melika: inkcazo, iifoto

Yezinto ezinkulu geographical yenzekile ngexesha xa i inzululwazi ebalulekileyo cartography sele iphuhlisiwe apho. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba ezinye iimpazamo kwenziwa izigqibo uququzelelo of amatheku akhiwe esesiphelweni kwilizwekazi. Ngoko ke, i "kwiyadi" yoMzantsi Melika yi Cape Horn. Yaba nguye lowo ixesha elide yaye kwakujongwa ingongoma kakhulu emazantsi kwi mephu.

Noko ke, kwindawo lwase nangoku omnye ekapa. Wabiza Frouord. Yeyona ekapa emazantsi Umzantsi Melika. Le nyaniso elaziwa emhlabeni. Ngaye, yaye ezinye iimpazamo eendawo ziya kuxutyushwa ngakumbi.

ekupheleni kwehlabathi

Abakhenkethi abasuka kulo lonke ihlabathi ababetsaleleke amanqaku egqithiseleyo amazwekazi. E Umzantsi Melika, umzekelo, kwindawo yomzantsi lwase ngaphambili ingqalelo Cape Horn. Kuye kwavulwa 29.01.1616 konyaka kangangexesha elide ngempazamo asetyenziswa ukuya kwinqanaba belizwekazi. Kodwa inzululwazi na ukuma. Emva kokuba imbonakalo ukukwazi ukufumanisa uququzelelo kunye impazamo ezincinane, kwaye kwacaca ukuba kwakukho omnye ekapa, nto leyo iqhele kumzantsi Horn.

Namhlanje, cape sisemazantsi Melika bukaThixo ibizwa ngokuba Frouord (Cape ophambeneyo). Oku "isiphelo sehlabathi" okuyo eChile, phezu Brunswick Peninsula. Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukuba eyona nto kakhulu inxalenye wathi yehlabathi.

Ukuya emazantsi lizwe imelwe Ncebakazi encinane. Le ndawo iyonke neziqithi zayo ngaphantsi kwe-1 km². Apha kulapha kwaye ingongoma kakhulu esemazantsi. Kubhaliwe ibekwe 100 km kumzantsi-ntshona odumileyo Cape Horn kwi siqithi kunye negama zothando Diego Ramirez.

lulawula

Ukwenza kucace ukuba kutheni i-Cape Horn ayikho ingongoma zikude, kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele uququzelelo ze amatheku yoMzantsi Merika. Oku kuya siyakulungisa lo mba.

Indawo odumileyo Cape Horn namhlanje lichazwa kanye kakhulu. Ngoko ke, yinto kwinqanaba kwi 50º59 'ngezantsi yesibanzi ntshona nobude 67º17'. Xa sijonga imephu, ungabona ukuba ekapa is on Frouord 53º54 'ngezantsi yesibanzi ntshona nobude 71º20'. Le ichaza isizathu sokuba Horn ayikwazi kuqwalaselwa ingongoma kakhulu egqithiseleyo bavela Umzantsi Melika.

Ulwazi abakhenkethi, kwindawo yentshona Umzantsi Melika i Cape Punta Pariñas, apho ibekwe phezu 4º40 'ngezantsi yesibanzi ntshona nobude 81º20'. Nencopho yempuma ekapa yabona Cabo Branco 7º10 'ngezantsi yesibanzi ntshona nobude 34º47'. Apha rhoqo wenza uhambo yabakhenkethi.

Xa siqwalasela uququzelelo zonke iziqithi ezininzi eziqhele lencinibakazi, sinokufumana apha kwaye kwisiqithi Diego Ramirez. Zika Kwezi ngongoma sisemazantsi ezi 56º30 'inkululeko kumzantsi ntshona obunga 68º43'. Xa sijonga la data, kuye kucace ukuba Cape Horn akanasichazi noba kancinane, kodwa ngasentla.

Cape Horn

Ngoko ke, cape emantla ngakumbi Umzantsi Melika phantsi igama entabeni kubekwe esesiphelweni kwilizwekazi. Umqala wamantla ayo ezenzeka kwiminyaka engaphezu 400 eyadlulayo. Wanikwa igama imbeko mzi Netherlands Hoorn. Apha Ndazalwa wahlala wamazwe William uCornelis Schouten. Yaba nguye owathi ngo-1616 wakwazi ukuba bajikeleze ilizwe.

Igama inqanawa apho abahloli elirhangqiweyo iCape odumileyo naye Horn. Yena abahambi akwazi ukufumana ku Patagonia. Zamob wahlala kula manzi, ngenxa yokuba kwakukho umlilo phezu kwalo.

Ngokubanzi, nantsi yenye emangcwabeni edume iinqanawa. Indlela phakathi Atlantic kunye lwePasifiki yaziwa ngokuba izaqhwithi zayo ezoyikekayo kunye fogs. Ngokuba isiqingatha senkulungwane (1877-1927 gg.) Ngaba iinqanawa ngaphezulu kwama-80 zitshone. A nditsho indlela ecanda Drake Passage kwaba kanye kuphela indlela evumela oomatiloshe ukuba bangene kulo Atlantic Ocean. Ngamanye amaxesha kuqubha ecaleni Cape Horn yalibaziseka iiveki okanye iinyanga.

anika umdla

Hi ndlela leyi, phambi kokuba indlela eya Atlantic Ocean zinikwe kuphela eMzantsi Merika. Cape Horn yayigqalwa indlela kuphela kwayo noomatiloshe ukushiya amanzi Pacific Ocean uzakufun aukugqithisa kwilizwekazi. Kuphela 1920, i-Panama Canal yakhiwe.

Yaye kude kube lelo xesha, sonke lokuhamba wegqitha waya Koloni wachaza abanxaxhileyo njengoko indlela esemantla ngokusebenzisa i-Arctic Ocean akavumelekanga ukuba kucanda kulwandle kungena Atlantic. Zamob emisele waba mxinwa kakhulu, kwaye neenqanawa ayikwazanga ukwenza enesibindi kula manzi. A strong sibali-flow, echazwe apha nayo angabanjezelwa umdla kwi-Arctic Ocean.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-discoverers, oomatiloshe kunye nabarhwebi waba sisiketi elula yi Cape Horn. Kwakhona waba neengxaki ezininzi. Noko ke, liweyise kuphela kubo, oomatiloshe aqhubeke nohambo lwabo.

Uhlobo kakhulu wasemzantsi 'ziphelo zehlabathi "

amatheku kakhulu eMzantsi Melika ibekwe emanzini wakhathazeka, nto leyo ebangela kubenzima kakhulu umendo iinqanawa ukusuka Pacific ukuya Atlantic. Apha kukho ngoku yomelela kwicala lasempuma. Ukuxutywa khona umoya obandayo nefudumeleyo yenzeka kule ndawo rhoqo. Ngenxa yoko, iinkanyamba akhiwa. Bathwala imvula, iinkanyamba nezitshi. Bad sezulu iintsuku 285 ungukumkani kule ndawo yolwandle ngomnyaka, ngenxa oko kudla indlela abalobi ndinobo inkungu.

Ngenxa nokungafumaneki yayo, amatheku esemazantsi America Ndizuze ezininzi ngayo iintsomi namabali. Ngaphambili, amadoda eenqanawa, isiwe Cape Horn, unelungelo ukunxiba enemisesane yegolide. Yena wafaka kwindlebe ngasekhohlo. amanzi Namhlanje "ziphelo zehlabathi" njengoko ekucamngceni njengangaphambili. Ngoko ke, abaninzi oomatiloshe namhlanje yaye ndiyazingcikiva intlekele yendalo.

Cape Horn, elichazwa ngababhali abadumileyo ezifana Zhyul Vern kunye Edgar Allan Poe, ngokoluvo lwabo, yenye yeendawo ezinzima kwaye zasendle kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Yiloo nto kutsala abahloli namhlanje kunye bamazwe.

Cape Frouord

I sisemazantsi Umzantsi Melika i-Cape Frouord ibekwe kwi Strait of Magellan. In IsiNgesi igama lakhe iyalila "ukuvukela", "ngabom 'yaye' nezinzima". Eli gama wanikwa iNtshona kwakude kudala 1587. Pirate notorious T. Kendvish wadlula la mazwe ukuzama ukoyisa iimeko kwimozulu embi. Kungenxa neengxaki ndahlelwa oomatiloshe kufuphi nonxweme Cape Frouord, waza wanikwa igama eli lizwe.

Namhlanje, abakhenkethi weza Peninsula, ingabonwa apha umnqamlezo enkulu eyenziwe ngentsimbi. Ku yakhiwa ngo-1987, ngentsebenziswano kunye ukuvulwa ukutyelela eChile of the Pope. Kukho abantu abahlala, kuphela icala iinqanawa ekapa lakhiwa. Le ukuhlaliswa kwabantu elikufutshane kuza kufuneka ukuba liwuqhube ezimalunga nama-40 km ngasentla.

Islands Diego Ramirez

Le headland ezikude emazantsi yoMzantsi Melika, njengoko kucacisiwe apha ngentla, ayikho kwindawo kweli cala. Islands Diego Ramirez ise emazantsi ngakumbi. Nantsi ingongoma sisemazantsi le yinxalenye yehlabathi, efana ne eMelika.

Le Nqabakazi iqulathe iziqithi ezininzi ezincinane, amatye, eliphakamayo ngaphezu phezu kwamanzi. ubude yabo 5.5 weekhilomitha elwandle. Iziqithi inkulu ke Bartolome kunye Gonzalo. Ekugqibeleni kukho isikhululo yemozulu encinane.

Esi sikhephe senjenjeya ukuya kulo mhlaba kunqabile kakhulu. Kwisikhululo imozulu likhaya akukho abaqeshwa ngaphezulu kwe-5. Abane kubo - amasoldati Chilean Navy. Kukho kwakhona sisazinzulu. Bona Siyakumema wabingelela abakhenkethi ezinqabileyo. Tshintsha kwi siqithi ithatha iinyanga 4. Emva koko Gonzalo kuza iqela elitsha. Tours apha nabo inqabile kakhulu. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ufumane imvume ekhethekileyo.

Ekubeni ingqalelo igama nokuba zintoni na ezenza ekapa emazantsi Umzantsi Melika, kunokwenzeka ukuba yokususa zonke iintsomi kunye nezimvo eziphosakeleyo. It is a, ihlabathi ngokukhawuleza uvuthuzayo, eseyiphantse ekupheleni kwehlabathi.