Labantu yeSizwe Dagestan: uluhlu

Ukufumana kwakhe eCaucasus, ngokukodwa e Dagestan, uze uqalise ukuqonda ngokuhamba kwexesha - kubonakala ukuba efanayo xa abemi yokuqala kweli lizwe iindwendwe, nguwe kanye eyahlukileyo. Phezu komhlaba efanayo kukho izithethe ezahlukeneyo, amasiko, iilwimi kunye nokuba lwesigodi. Kutheni le nto isenzeka? Ethnographers ngokuqiniseka: kwiRiphabliki Dagestan, abantu 33 baphile. Sifunda ngazo kancinane ngakumbi.

ubuzwe e Dagestan

Kwelinye ilizwe ibizwa ngokuba umlaza eyodwa weentlanga. Ethetha na uhlanga Dagestan, inani labo kunzima ukubala. Noko ke, siyazi ukuba zonke izizwe zahlulwe iintsapho ezinkulu ulwimi ezintathu. Okokuqala - Nakh-Dagestani isebe enxulumene usapho ulwimi Iberia-abaseAfrika. Okwesibini - iqela lohlanga. Eyesithathu - yaseYurophu Indo- iilwimi.

KwiRiphabliki akukho ingqiqo ka "uhlanga titular", kodwa iimpawu zayo zezopolitiko asasebenza ukuba nabameli bezizwe-14. Dagestan phakathi kwimimandla ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe ka-Russia, kunye nommandla wayo namhlanje kukho ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 zabantu.

Elininzana ngeentsapho ulwimi

Njengokuba besesitshilo, kwiRiphabliki of Dagestan ubuzwe bohlulwa babe ngamaqela iilwimi ezintathu. Lokuqala - isebe Nakh-Dagestani - ezi Avars, Chechens, Tsakhurs, abantu akhvakh, karata abantu, Lezgins, Laks, Rutuls, Aguls, Tabasarans. Kwakhona kule ndawo ibandakanya Andi, abantu botlikh, abantu godoberi, abameli Tyndall chamalyaltsy, abantu bagvalal, abantu khwarshi, tsez abantu, bezhta abantu, abantu Hunzib, abantu hinukh, Archi. Eli qela kwakhona ukumela Dargins, kunye Kubachins kaytagtsy. usapho Second - zamaTurkic - bafanekiselwa kwizizwe zilandelayo: Kumyks, Azeri, Nogai.

Iqela lesithathu - Indo-European - wenziwe Russian, Tats, Mountain amaYuda. Yilaa namhlanje khangela njani na uhlanga e Dagestan. Uluhlu iilebhile bezizwe eyaziwa ngaphantsi.

Avars

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ilizwe akukho uhlanga titular, phakathi Dagestani kusekho isahlulo ethile ibe ngaphezulu kwaye ngaphantsi ngokubanzi zimelwe Dagestan ubuzwe (inani). Avars - abona bantu baninzi apha Region Dagestan (912 amawaka abantu, okanye 29% yabantu bebonke ..). indawo enkulu zazo zokuhlala kwimimandla esentshona weentaba Dagestan. Uluntu lwasemaphandleni akhawunti ukuba uninzi Avars zoluntu luphela, kunye nokuhlawula yabo ifike kwi-avareji kwimimandla 22. Ezi ke ziquka iintlanga Ando-Tsez ezinxulumene nabo, kunye Archi. Endulo ngokuba Avars Avars, njengoko kudla ngokuba tavlintsami okanye Lezgins. Igama "ngozi" olu hlanga ifumene egameni lokumkani aphakathi yengozi, owayelawula ubukumkani Sair.

Dargin

Yintoni ubuzwe bahlala Dagestan? Iqela lesibini ngobukhulu uhlanga kuthathwa ukuba Dargin (16.9% yabantu, nto leyo ngokwemigaqo uthetha amawaka 490,3. Keli.). Abameli abantu bahlala becala kwimimandla weentaba kunye yinduli esezantsi kolundi ezininzi Dagestan. Phambi kokuba revolution, Dargin ebizwa kancinci ngokwahlukileyo - akushintsy kunye Lezgins. Xa zizonke , lo ubuzwe na iingingqi 16 lizwe. Dargins na iqela Cartoon amaSilamsi okholwayo.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inani Dargin kufuphi ikomkhulu Dagestan - Makhachkala - waqalisa ukwandisa kakhulu. Into efanayo kunye kunxweme oLwandle lweCaspian. Dargins ingqalelo kakhulu zorhwebo kunye namagcisa phakathi kwabantu ngokubanzi. iqela abalulo kwabunjwa iminyaka emininzi kwisiza abapasa iindlela zorhwebo, leyo washiya uphawu yayo ngendlela ubomi yesizwe.

Kumyks

Funda ngakumbi uloluphi uhlanga bahlala Dagestan. Ungubani Kumyks? Yeyona abantu inkulu zamaTurkic kwi North eCaucasus, elinikwa ukuya kweyona inkulu yesithathu phakathi izizwe Dagestan (431.7 amawaka abantu - .. 14.8%).

Kumyks zihlala eentaba kunye namathafa kummandla lizwe, yomxhaso iyonke kwimimandla 7. Baya kuba abantu inkcubeko lokufama, ngokuqinileyo zahlala kuloo ndawo elikhethelwe lo. Xa olu hlanga yenziwe kakuhle ulimo, ukuloba. Kwakhona kukho ngaphezulu kwe-70% kuqoqosho lonke eli lizwe. inkcubeko lesizwe Kumyks utyebile kakhulu kwaye original ngendlela yaso - kwaye uncwadi, kunye lwemveli, kunye kwezobugcisa. Phakathi kwazo kukho abaninzi abadumileyo ezemidlalo-mlilo. Noko ke, ingxaki kukuba abantu Kumyks abamele na uhlanga Dagestan, kuquka abantu abaninzi abangafundanga.

Lezghins

Ngoko ke, safunda lwabemi yesizwe Dagestan. A kancinane yachukumisa bezizwe amathathu aphambili. Kodwa kungaba okungalungile ukuba ukuchaphazela amanye amaqela eentlanga eli lizwe. Umzekelo, Lezgins (385.2 amawaka. Keli., Okanye 13.2% yabemi). Bona bahlala nelezihlambo, obhudlayo kunye yinduli esezantsi kolundi, kwimimandla Dagestan. kwintsimi yabo imbali ingqalelo kwiindawo ezimelene woM- namhlanje kunye ezingabamelwane Azerbaijan. Lezgins sibe nebhongo yembali yayo ubutyebi, kukunaba kumaxesha amandulo. Umda wabo waba ngomnye kumazwe yokuqala zaseCaucasus.

Namhlanje Lezghins yahlulwe iinxalenye ezimbini. Kwakhona, oku uhlanga kakhulu imfazwe, kwaye ke ngoko ezininzi "ashushu". beentlanga ezininzi e Dagestan? Olu luhlu ahambe ixesha elide kakhulu.

Russian and Laks

A amagama ambalwa kufuneka enokuthethwa abameli Russian abathetha eli lizwe. Kwakhona kumela isizwe Dagestan awayengabemi becala lweCaspian kunye endhawini Makhachkala. Uninzi Russian (104 amawaka., 3.6%) ingafunyanwa kwi Kizlyar, apho zihlala, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabantu bebonke. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ukukhumbula Laks (161.2 thous., 5.5% yabantu), nto leyo namaxesha zembali bahlala kumbindi entabeni Dagestan.

Kuyinto ngenxa ukuya Laks kweli lizwe kwakukho urhulumente yokuqala orthodox Muslim. Bona iinkosi yonke imisebenzi eyaziwayo - beza iingcibi lokuqala abaseAfrika kwesi sizwe. Nanamhla oku, iimveliso Lak bazibandakanye ezahlukeneyo zokhuphiswano ngamazwe, zodidi neendawo zamawonga uzuko.

iintlanga Small of Dagestan

Bekuya kuba okungalungile ukuthetha malunga abameli ezininzi kweli lizwe kuphela. Inkoliso yabantu ezincinane kwiriphabliki - (. Amawaka 9.7, 0.3%) Tsakhurs. Ezi ikakhulu abahlali zemizana, leyo kwisithili Rutul. Emizini Tsakhurs phantse namnye. Okulandelayo isizwe lincinci - Aguls (amawaka 2.8, 0.9%.). Zihlala ikakhulu kwiSithili Agulsky, abaninzi abahlala ematyotyombeni.

Agulla zingafunyanwa Makhachkala, Dagestan Derbent nezibane. Enye abantu abambalwa Dagestan - Rutuls (27, 8 th, 0.9%.). Bona bahlala indawo esemazantsi. Inani labo ayikho kakhulu Aguls ngaphezulu - umahluko kuluhlu zabemi 1-1.5 amawaka. Rutuls zama ukunamathela izalamane zabo, ngoko ke usoloko kwasekwa amaqela amancinane. Chechens (amawaka 92,6, 3.2%.) - le mood zobundlobongela enobundlobongela yesizwe. Inani le hlanga ngaphezulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi emkhosini Chechnya nempembelelo kakhulu imeko yezibalo. Namhlanje Chechens nako kunokubalelwa iintlanga kwigcuntswana weRiphabliki Dagestan.

ngenxa

Ngoko ke zintoni izizwe Dagestan na ebalulekileyo? Impendulo enye kuphela - wonke. Njengoko bathi malunga weRiphabhliki Dagestan - uhlobo lwe Yindibanisela amaqela ezininzi eentlanga. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba phantse zonke ubuzwe linolwimi lwalo, nto leyo yahluke kakhulu evela kubamelwane yayo. beentlanga Zingaphi abahlala Dagestan - amasiko, izithethe kunye awohluke yobomi ukho kweli lizwe enelanga.

Kule iilwimi Dagestani iintlobo-36 ezidweliswe abantu. Oku, Kakade, kunegalelo ukuntsonkotha unxibelelwano phakathi abameli yezi zizwe. Kodwa ekugqibeleni kufuneka sazi enye into - abantu Dagestan, kwizizwe ezininzi kangaka zimelwe, lalo elidlulileyo zembali, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba namhlanje ezahlukeneyo, umdla kunye ezahlukeneyo ukwenzela ukuba elinye iqela lesizwe uhlanga ngalunye kweli lizwe. Qiniseka ukuba batyelele le ndawo - akusayi kuzisola! Wena ngovuyo ukuhlangana naphi na kweli lizwe.