Kwesakhiwo kunye esebenzayo Talcott Parsons

Iingcali kwimicimbi Contemporary luphawulwa kwavumela iingqiqo ezahlukeneyo yolwazi lwentlalo. Ukuqhubeka iingcamango lwezenhlalo ngalo mzuzu kuba kanye sisiseko iimfundiso eluntwini. A igalelo elibalulekileyo kule nkqubela wenze ingqiqo - uhlalutyo lwesakhiwo kwaye olusebenzayo Parsons, ukuba Isazinzulu amanqugwala waseMelika laliqulunqwe phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Namhlanje Talcott Parsons elaziwayo kwihlabathi yenzululwazi njengenye ezakudala wenzululwazi ngabantu. Wadala ingqiqo eneenkcukacha - Uhlalutyo functional, nto leyo sisixhobo kuyimfuneko methodological yolwazi lwezenhlalo yehlabathi lanamhlanje ngokokwahlukana kwalo konke.

Xa iziko le mbono a ingqiqo yenkqubo, inxulunyaniswa nayo yonke entsonkothileyo imibono nemiba ukuba ke le domain yophando kwi ibhalansi lwentlalo, impixano, imvumelwano kunye ngendaleko zoluntu inkqubo.

Parsons kuqala kuchaphazela uhlalutyo ezisebenzayo njengesibonelelo methodological, ukuhlola kwithiyori Henderson, Pareto, apho kwindawo engundoqo yanikwa imiba yezoqoqosho kunye nendima yayo nasekusungulweni yoluntu. Emva koko lo mxholo waqhubeka nomsebenzi Schumpeter, oweza uhlalutyo uqoqosho ukusuka kwindawo imbono ekumila yayo lwenkqubo.

Eshwankathela iziphumo izazinzulu, Parsons uza kwisigqibo sokuba inkqubo ngokwayo abakwazi cala achaze iindlela zentlalo, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ibandakanye uhlalutyo eyondeleleneyo izakhi kunye nofundo lokuba zentlalo imisebenzi. Ngoko ke wazalwa imfundo olubanzi theoretical component - ". Uhlalutyo noshowo esebenza" kubume bayo siyifumana universalism iindlela ekufundweni iipatheni nemikhuba esiyibona ngayo kubomi banamhlanje.

Ngokupheleleyo entsha kule mbono yaba ukuphanda imiba intanethi yoluntu njenge "inkqubo yeentsingiselo zenkcubeko lokomfuziselo." indlela Cybernetic wenza kube lula ukujongana ngakumbi ngokukodwa le ngxaki kude kube ngoku phantse unexplored uzinzo kunye entropy kuluntu.

Kulingane Parsons Uhlalutyo ezisebenzayo wenza kube lula, yaye ujongo entsha ezithandwayo ngoko ingxaki zongquzulwano lwentlalo. Isibakala sokuba ukusasazeka positivism kunye indlela yayo wokudala-sidedness enye kwaye ukungaphikisani ukutyhilwa iindidi uzinzo kunye ungquzulwano. Ngoko ke, lo mbuzo wabuzwa malunga kwavumela kuluntu isiphithiphithi myalelo njengoko iinkalo dialectical wobomi ekuhlaleni. Ngoxa ekuphuhliseni imfundiso ungquzulwano Lyuis Kozer - yezoqoqosho American kunye ngezentlalo, enyanisweni, Parsons wongezelela ingcamango, ekhala ukuba inkampani nto ukusebenzisa omnye ube onke amazwe kunokwenzeka. Esi sigqibo iye kubaluleke kakhulu umgwebele mkhwa yophuhliso loqoqosho, nto leyo liphantsi kwenkqubo yovandlakanyo itshintsha ithi zayo - ubunzima amaxesha mzuzu kunye nexesha uzinzo isalamane kwezoqoqosho. Ngoko ke, uhlalutyo ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho kunye namhlanje limi njengoko isifundo ubuchule methodological eziyimfuneko iinkqubo kwezoqoqosho, ingakumbi kummandla yovavanyo umngcipheko uqikelelo kusenokwenzeka kuqoqosho kunye nabanye.

Ngethiyori, iyunithi Uhlalutyo Parsons 'yenza isenzo ethile ngamnye, kunokuba uluntu nje xa lulonke. Le ngokunzulu indlela entsha wenza kube lula ukuhlalutya Musa uluntu ukusuka kwindawo umbono ngayo ubuntu babantu esele yenziwe bengqondo, kodwa ukususela kwinqanaba Ngenxa ukuqwalaselwa ukuziphatha yomntu kwimeko ethile. Ngokutsho Parsons - yasekuhlaleni yenzelwe isithuba kunye nexesha yokuziphatha, nto leyo ngenxa yokuqaliswa kwe njengabantu kuluntu kwimisebenzi ethile. Kwimeko yezi imisebenzi kungenzeka ukuba ukuwela iintlobo zezakhiwo, amalungiselelo zentlalo, iinqobo neenkqubo zenkcubeko, yaye bonke baya kuba nefuthe ukuziphatha kwabantu kunye nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi zabo zentlalo.

Le ndlela yokuqala ngokupheleleyo, ababebandakanya uhlalutyo functional, kunye nenguqulelo entsha methodological wazibeka iziseko kunye nekamva yokuhlalisana yaseYurophu. Eyaziwa alandela Parsons iingcamango apha baba maks Veber, Vilfredo Pareto, uRobert Michels.

Ngokubanzi, nangona ithiyori Parsons 'iqulethe ezinye iimpawu ukukhupha icala, oko usaqhubeka ethandwa kakhulu kwaye phantse bafune kuphononongo okuhlalutya abantu namhlanje.