Kutheni kwakhiwa eMoscow yesicelo? Ukwakhiwa Moscow yesicelo. Imbali le Moscow yesicelo

Moscow yesicelo linokubizwa ngokuba nokutsala engundoqo kwikomkhulu Russia. Bonke abantu baya kuba nako ukufumana kuyo ngokukhawuleza nangokulula. Kukho umasipala, xa uphume apho kungaba ngokukhawuleza ukufikelela kulwakhiwo Moscow yesicelo. Ndicinga ukuba kufuneka zibhale.

Apho kufuneka uphume sikaloliwe ukuze ukuya kummandla yesicelo?

"Alexander Garden" isikhululo

Ukuphuma kule yokumisa, nawe uya kuthinjwa, njengoko siye mhlawumbi ugqibe ekubeni, i-Alexander Garden odumileyo. Uyakwazi kwakhona khangela Kutafya inqaba, apho ukuthengiswa kwamatikiti ukuya kummandla yesicelo kunye Izikrweqe. Kufutshane kukho inala ezivenkileni apho unokuthenga izinto ezincinane kunye nezipho nekulula nabahlobo.

Station "Lenin Library"

Uza kukwazi ukuba babubone kufuphi Kutafya inqaba, nto leyo eza usondele kakhulu - kufuneka nje ukuba uye kwelinye icala.

Station "Revolution Square" yaye "China Idolophu"

Baya kukukhokela ngqo Red Square, nje ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kwimeko yokuqala uze evela Historical Museum, kwaye eyesibini - ukusuka Pokrovsky Cathedral.

"Okhotny Ryad" isikhululo

Ephuma kwisikhululo "Okhotny Ryad", unako kwakhona uhamba kwimimandla yorhwebo baziincamisa. Kuphela nje kuyimfuneko kwangaphambili ukuba balungiselele ngenxa yokuba amaxabiso ziya kuba yinto 'engaqhelekanga' ukuba engumshumayeli elula ...

Kuthekani amaxabiso?

Yintoni ixabiso umntu alindele, wagqiba ekubeni atyelele yesicelo Museum? Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ngoko nangoko ukuba le fun nto eqolo. Hamba uhambe Izikrweqe seSigqeba, nto leyo iya kuhlala malunga enye iiyure enesiqingatha, iya kuxabisa malunga 700 engange. Ukutyelela kwi Diamond mali iya kuxabisa 500 engange. Ukuba ufuna nje ukuhamba-hamba imaphu uze ubone yecawa, kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule imali engange-350. Ngaphandle Uhambo uhlolo icawa iya kuxabisa imali engange-200. Kodwa ngaphezu kwako konke, kukho abantu abanomdla kutheni lwakwakhiwa yesicelo Moscow?

Leyo yinxalenye ozibonayo?

Phantsi igama "yesicelo" kuthetha nje iindonga neenqaba, njengoko unokucinga kwabanye abantu, kodwa yonke into engaphakathi kuyo. Emva kodonga ungabona iicawa yeyokukhulisa, izikwere edumileyo, amaziko olondolozo kunye amabhotwe. Ukongeza, kutshanje, ehlotyeni ngeMigqibelo kwi-12 emva kwemini ungabona ukutshintsha amisiweyo labalindi yesicelo webutho, nto leyo iya kubonisa izakhono zomkhosi.

Kwaye ngoku makhe sithethe ngembali kwisakhiwo odumileyo bobugcisa eyinkunzi ukuba aphendule imibuzo malunga kutheni lwakwakhiwa yesicelo eMoscow.

A bit ukwakhiwa imbali

Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba igama elithi "yesicelo" Kuyinto mandulo. Oku kubhekisela kwakwelo inxalenye kumbindi wesixeko, nto leyo iye yaqinisa. Ngamanye amazwi, le yesicelo - inqaba. Kumaxesha amandulo oko kwakugqalwa cool. Ngoko kwakutheni ukuze kukhethwe kwakhiwa eMoscow yesicelo? Kukho iimeko apho esi sixeko kwafuneka ukuba atshitshise ekuhlaselweni amabutho esitha abaninzi. Ivela kuloo maxesha waya esikweni ukuba kuqokelela ngokupheleleyo bonke abemi besixeko phantsi kukhuselo yesicelo. Kungakhathaliseki ubudala, oko ngokupheleleyo bonke abantu efihliweyo ngaphaya kweendonga olomeleleyo phezulu. Ngubani nako ukuthwala iingalo - omzimba, ngokuthatha izikhundla ezindongeni zezakhiwo.

Ukubonakala inqaba phezu kwentaba

Imbali Moscow yesicelo waqalisa ukubala malunga 4000 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Le nyaniso yasekwa zakudala. Bakhokelwa iziqwenga zeebhekile ngodongwe, ilitye namazembe kunye yotolo lenyengane eziye amfumana. Zonke ezi zinto xa kusetyenziswa bahlali yamandulo.

Indawo apho kwagqitywa ukuqalisa kwakusakhiwa Moscow yesicelo, ukhethe ngengozi. Ukwakhiwa kwenzeke kwinduli ngokwanelisayo eziphakamileyo, ngeenxa ophuma umlambo - uMlambo eMoscow Neglinnaya. Ngenxa indawo yayo ephezulu, inqaba yakwazi phambili kwaye ubone utshaba kumgama nokulungiselela nezokhuselo. Ukongeza, umlambo isebenza njengesithintelo zendalo ngendlela imikhosi yotshaba.

Yesicelo waba ngomthi?!

Imbali le Moscow yesicelo waqalisa nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ngamaplanga. Ngeenxa zonke kuye, abahla- wadala zingumthi ogawulwe emhlabeni, ngaloo ndlela kusandiswa ukuthembeka inqaba. Iintsalela kwezi iinqaba ezindala zafunyanwa ngexesha umsebenzi wokwakha, lwenzeka esele kwimiqathango ekhoyo ngoku.

Hayi kudala oko kwazeka ukuba iindonga yokuqala zakhiwa kwangethuba 1156. Umyalelo ukuba kwakhiwe inqaba wanikwa ngu Prince kaYuri Dolgoruky. Sazi njani? Ezibhalwe lemveli lenkcubeko - iirekhodi yamandulo. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIV, wanyukela etroneni Ivan Kalita. Le lesiqhulo wanikwa kuye ngobutyebi ezininzi leyo sasiphatha engxoweni encinane - Kalita.

Prince wagqiba ukuqhubeka kuphela kwakusakhiwa Moscow yesicelo, kodwa ukuqala nihombisa nokomeleza iindonga ukuze kuphuculwe ukuthembeka wonke umzi. Wabanika eli ukwenzela ukuba udale iindonga entsha ngokupheleleyo. Emva kwexesha elithile le nqaba lwakhiwe iinkuni kwemiterebhinti ethe shinyi kangangokuba ayikwazanga isongelwe iingalo zakhe.

Ukomeleza ukwakhiwa samatye

Imbali kwakusakhiwa Moscow yesicelo esongezelelwe data ezintsha kunye ukufika yomphathi elandelayo. NguDmitry Donskoy redid ngokupheleleyo iindonga. Kwaba ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe Baqala ngamatye. Ngawo onke nakwizithili ezisezidolophini lwaqokelela inkosi neengcibi. Ngowe-1367 xa kwakusakhiwa iindonga ezintsha incwadi, waqalisa ukusebenza. Abasebenzi basebenza ngaphandle ikhefu, yaye emva kwexesha elithile Borovitsky intaba kwabonakala Ukuqinisa enamandla, ngokupheleleyo ezenziwe ngamatye. Ububanzi beendonga zafikelela amabini, kwaye kwezinye iindawo kunye neemitha ezintathu. Ngexesha ukwakhiwa lwelimestone yasetyenziswa, lo nezokukhupha apho kwenzeka kufuphi nesixeko. Yesicelo iye nqa wonke kweendonga zayo ezimhlophe, nokuba eMoscow wabizwa ngokuba ilitye elimhlophe.

Prince nguDmitry kwabalelwa kakhulu umntu onesibindi. Walwa kuphela phambili, kwaye oko ekhokelwa umkhosi nxamnye Mongol idyokhwe. Ngowe-1380 umkhosi phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe emfazweni ebuhlungu kukuphumelela Kulikovo Field kufuphi Don River. Emva kokuba idabi esibalulekileyo amanene waza wayibiza Don.

udonga White litye inviolable ixesha elide

Yesicelo ngeendonga amhlophe wema iminyaka 100. Ngeli ubude ixesha elaneleyo, kuninzi iye yatshintsha. Ekugqibeleni umhlaba Russian amanyene urhulumente noko nkqi, eMoscow yaba likomkhulu. Lonke olu tshintsho lwenzeka ebudeni bolawulo Prince Ivan III. Ekubeni yabizwa ngokuba Omkhulu. Ababhali-mbali obizwa ngokuthi "umqokeleli kumazwe Russian."

Yaba Ivan III ziye kuthiwa iingcibi kakhulu. Ukongeza, wamema abakhi engcono kwiimeko-Italy - Aristotle Fioravanti, Antonio solari kunye nezinye iingcali ezaziwayo-kakuhle intsimi yabo. Phantsi kwenkokhelo ka abazobi wamema kwimbali elivela kuzo yesicelo waqalisa ukukhula kunye nophuhliso olutsha. Ukuba isixeko washiywa nenqaba ngexesha emsebenzini, incwadi yesicelo wakha iindawo: Okokuqala sikhangelene kwindawo ethile udonga ilitye elimhlophe; ngoko endaweni yayo kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezitsha ngezitena. Clay, esasisetyenziswa ngexesha lokwakha, ukuthatha kufutshane kwikomkhulu. Ithayile ngaphambi wathabatha inkqubo indawo kaJohn, nto leyo ebizwa lukhuni.

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, kwakubon 'ukuba kukho ukwakha, inkosi Italian uyekile ukuba waqonda njengoba bangaphandle. Amagama azo remade style Russian. Ngokomzekelo, uAntonio waba Anton Fryazin. Eli gama lanikwa kuye ngenxa yokuba ilizwe Italian ookhokho bethu ebizwa fryazhskie. Ngokwendalo, inzalelwane beli lizwe ngokuba Fryazinov.

Ukwakhiwa kweendawo ezintsha

Ukwakhiwa yesicelo entsha sathatha iminyaka emalunga ne-10. Le nqaba lakhuseleka macala mabini yimilambo. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVI kunye neqela lesithathu kokuba wemba umsele ebanzi ngokufanelekileyo eyayidibanisa yimisinga ezimbini kunye. I yesicelo ukhuselekile ngokupheleleyo macala onke ngenxa yeemeko ngamanzi.

uyakwazi ukubalisa iinqaba ibali yesicelo Yintoni na? izakhiwo ezinjalo kwakhiwa omnye emva komnye. Ngoko nangoko ezikulungeleyo diverter strelnitsa ukuphucula amandla wezokhuselo. Ukongeza nokuhlaziywa inkosi inqaba nangoko yakhiwa ezifana iicawa eyaziwa ngokuba Blagoveshchenskii, Arkhangel'skii, ingcamango.

Ukukhawulezisa ulwakhiwo incwadi yesicelo

Emva kwetrone yahlala Romanovs, ukwakhiwa kweendonga amatsha inqaba wahamba ngesantya entsha, esikhathazayo ngakumbi. Abaneshologu eyenzelwe Filaret intsimbi ende ecaleni Ivan Enkulu Bell. Kwakhona, kukho izakhiwo Moscow yesicelo, njengoko Terem kunye amabhotwe Ukuhlekisa Usebenziso, icawa ze Labapostile LabaLishumi kwaye Palace uMphathi kaThixo. Ngexesha lokulawula uPetros I lwakwakhiwa Arsenal. Kodwa ngexesha ikomkhulu kwagqitywa ukuba afudukele St. Petersburg, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezitsha bayeka.

Xa wenyuka itrone uCatherine II, ezinye izakhiwo Moscow yesicelo zaye sadilizwa, kwakunye omnye kwezahlulo udonga esemazantsi. Oku kwenziwa ukuze akwazi ukwakha indlu entsha. Kodwa emva kwexesha elithile lomsebenzi ziye irhoxisiwe. Kungenzeka, isizathu sokuba oku yokungabikho kwemali. Kodwa kukho kwakhona inguqulo ongekho mthethweni. Noko ke, isimo sengqondo abantu umsebenzi kolu hlobo. Kweli thuba ukususela 1776 ukuya 1787 yayakhiwe isakhiwo Yeengwevu.

Ngaphandle ugwebe musa ukusebenza

Inkcazelo Moscow yesicelo uye data ezimbi. umonakalo omkhulu isakhiwo yonke ebangele ayehlasela uNapoleon. Ngeli xesha, imikhosi utshaba zaye baphangwe uzihlambele iicawa ezininzi. Ngexesha eludongeni, yaye ngokuyinxenye wabatshabalalisa ezinde kunye nezakhiwo iqhele. Emva kokuba imfazwe waqalisa umsebenzi wokubuyisela, kwaye ngo-1917 kwi-yesicelo iye wakha malunga 31 ibandla.

Ngo-Oktobha Revolution, incwadi yesicelo iye ATM. 1918 yabalasela ukutshintshwa loRhulumente RSFSR kwisakhiwo Yeengwevu. Ngexesha lokulawula igunya yiSoviet kwi yesicelo Palace of ngeenkongolo yakhiwa. Ukongeza, ezinde zasekwa iinkwenkwezi, wazibeka phezu kwamanqwanqwa Tsar Cannon kunye Tsar Bell. Kweli thuba ukubuyiselwa iindonga ngamnye kwaye zonke izakhiwo yesicelo.

ubutyebi enamandla amakhulu Russia

Ngoku uyasiqonda isizathu lwakwakhiwa yesicelo Moscow? Kakade ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha oko waqala ukuba waqonda ukuba ngokwembono yokomeleza, kodwa ingongoma umdla kwilizwe liphela.

Inkqubo yokwakha le Moscow yesicelo yathatha malunga ezisibhozo iinkulungwane, yaye kunokuthiwa ngeli xesha kwakukho into eninzi iziganeko ezibalulekileyo. Asingabo bonke bephela nempembelelo entle inqaba. Noko ke, incwadi yesicelo waba nako ukumelana nobunzima. Usaqhubeka bebamb 'abantu ehlabathini jikelele kunye ngobukhulu bakhe. Power nobuhle le sakhiwo ayinakuchazwa yi na amazwi, kwaye yesicelo akulambathanga kuluhlu yeLifa leMveli kwiHlabathi UNESCO.

Imbali yesicelo likaThixo ngokusondeleyo edibene iziganeko ezibalulekileyo kubomi boluntu. Ngokukhula kokwakhiwa sisixeko sokuqala bekukho nokwanda, yaye ngoko urhulumente yonke. Ubomi yesicelo ngokuqinileyo kunxulumene amahla ezopolitiko ndinyuka: ukuba ibekwe iziphathamandla eziphezulu kunye izigqibo ezibalulekileyo esithathwe yi umlinganiswa yimbali. Ukwakhiwa yenye ezikhumbuzo eliligugu inkcubeko Russian, nto leyo imbali nokubunjwa kwayo, salahlekelwa kakhulu, kodwa kakhulu wazuza. Oku akuzange kumthintele ukuba abe nomtsalane wokwenene.

Kweli nqaku siye sazama ukuba achaze ukuba ngubani owakha Moscow yesicelo, yaye yintoni indima edlalwe yi ulwakhiwo kwaye lidlala unanamhla kwimbali karhulumente Russian.