Kshesinskaia Pomakazi eSt Petersburg: ifoto, idilesi, imbali, iiyure zokusebenza

Kshesinskaia Pomakazi eSt Petersburg - enye ezinika ezinkulu kwiilwimi zesiNtu. inkangeleko yayo eziphambili kwi kwicala Petrograd i umhombiso ukuqina kweso sixeko. Kodwa ngaphandle kokufaneleka zokwakha, Kshesinskaia lendlu yindawo ngokwembali abalulekileyo nanomdla. Around naye nangoku kaHomer. Yaye eneneni ngemfano webhaleyi, abafazi abahle, yambeswa yi aura romance kunye mfihlelo.

Imbali webhaleyi

Matilda wazalelwa Kshesinskaya ballet yosapho. Umama wakhe yangqungqa eqongeni le Mariinsky Theatre, utatomkhulu yaba violin, uyise - onguSibahle odumileyo, mazurkas ezikhethekileyo ophambili. Girl zonke ebuntwaneni wachitha emva emfihlekweni. Xa ndandineminyaka 8 of yakhe udade umzalwana, wanika isikolo ballet. Emva koko ekuqaleni yaba kwindawo ekhethekileyo: bonke abantwana bahlala kwiziko, waza kuvunyelwa kuphela ukuba eze eklasini.

Ukususela kwasebuntwaneni ekuqaleni, Matilda wayekuthanda ukuba kwiziko ingqalelo. Waya esikolweni umqeqeshi ihashe ezirhuqwa ngendlela encinane, yaye reveled kwi kude ukwazi. Kwikholeji, naye wayeyazi indlela abe yinkokeli, kodwa usoloko kuthelekiswa kunye nodade wayo. Kwanasemva kokuba eze esikolweni yeqonga, waba Kshesinskaia-2. Esokuqala Julia. Matilda wayengekho umfundi yokuqala, kodwa yaba abaselula obunenjongo career-yaye wakwazi ukuguqula iimeko wakhetha yayo. Ngelo iziqu kwi School Choreographic wakwazi buvela * kuKhesare. Kwaye nje wayefuna ukuba "ikratshi Ballet Russian." Ngelo lokuthweswa isidanga amisiweyo, apho kuyo amalungu entsapho yasebukhosini, wadibana yokuqala yindlalifa itrone Nicholas wabaleka ube yintlantsi phakathi kwabo.

Emva koko, wenza umgudu omkhulu ukubamba rhoqo yindlalifa iliso kwaye ekugqibeleni wenza utyelelo kuphela, emva koko ubuhlobo phakathi kwabo yasekwa. Kshesinskaya, hayi uzimele, waya kuhlala yedwa endlwini, apho bathabatha Nicholas. Ubudlelwane yaphela emva kothethathethwano kunye yindlalifa kwetrone waseJamani Princess Alice. Kodwa Kshesinskaya ukuba bangachithi ixesha. Ngaphandle yokuba yenza umsebenzi onempumelelo yokubonela, musa ukuthandabuza ukuba isikhalazo amalungu asebukhosini kuyo nayiphi na ingcinezelo, oko waqalisa ukuthandana kunye Grand Duke - Sergei Mikhailovich. Ngokusebenzisa Kuqhagamshelwano olunjalo, bengqungqa ubuchule ophezulu, uMathilde ukufikelela eziphakamileyo kakhulu kwindawo yokubonela. Yena ngenkalipho amehlo onke, azinakuze waza waba webhaleyi phambili i-Imperial Theatre. She is ebubungqina webhaleyi yokuqala Russian, lowo unako ukuyifunda le 34 fuete.

Ukususela ngo-1900, Matilda iqala ngaxeshanye kunye namalungu amabini inoveli asebukhosini: Sergei Mikhailovich kunye Andrei Vladimirovich. Kshesinskaya uzala ngo-1902 yi unyana ka-Prince Andrew. Ukususela ngelo xesha Sergey uhlala kuyo umhlobo kuphela. Matilda ukusebenza kwindawo yokubonela, kodwa awekho umdla eminye iminyaka emibini. Wayengawuvali umlomo sokuvalwa kwilungiselelo intsapho (kodwa unofficial) ubomi babo. Kshesinskaia italente eyodwa yaba ukukwazi buvela abantu. Nabo bonke abakuthandayo zakhe igcine unxibelelwano lobuhlobo, yaye uyazi ukuba mawuzisebenzise njani inkxaso yabo.

Ubomi Emva Ballet

Ngowe-1904 Kshesinskaya ushiya yeqonga ngokwabo. On yinzuzo ngayo ofumana isipho esivela Imperial loSapho. Siqukumbela isivumelwano ngendlela yeqonga athile. Intlawulo ke zisukela ukusuka engange 500 ukuya 750 intsebenzo. Ngowe-1917, wayeka St. Petersburg, wathumela Kislovodsk, yaye kamva eFransi. Phambi kokuba Revolution, Prince noAndreya wamnika ipomakazi lendlu Noluyolo kunxweme French. Waba yokusabela yakhe emva izwe.

Ngowe-1921, uMathilde eFransi utshata ngokusesikweni Prince Andrew. Ekugqibeleni yamkela, unyana wakhe, obekhe ayenxiba patronymic Sergei. Ngowe-1924 yena wanikwa isihloko ungunyana wabanumzana kunye Princess Krasinski. Yaye ngowe-1935, yena kunye nePrince noAndreya wafumana itayitile wakhe kuphole soBekekileyo Prince Romanovsky-Krasiński. Emva konyaka Kshesinskaya kamva ekugqibeleni kuthi ndlela-ntle eqongeni. Kodwa ke bafundiswa ixesha elide. Ngowe-1960, yena sakhulula kwimbali yobomi abhalwe kwakhe nomyeni wakhe. Webhaleyi wafa ngowe-1971, akazange aphile ngokuvisisana ikhulu kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa.

Imbali lendlu elakhiwe

Ngowe-1904 Matilda Kshesinskaya wagqiba ukwakha indlu yakhe. Kakade ke, oku kwenze ukuba kubekho indlu engcono kakhulu engaqhelekanga. ngumdanisi Xa ukhetha indawo, warhola ingqalelo ndawo ephawulekayo ixesha - icala Petrograd. Wafumana ilizwe efanelekileyo Great Gentry Street ukuba udale iprojekthi womzobi ezithandwayo - i-Alexander von Gauguin.

Ngowe-1904 Kshesinskaia nandawo yakhiwe ngexesha irekhodi. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, Matilda wavuka ibhotwe lakhe. Interior uhombiso, libuze womzobi Aleksandru Ivanovu. Kuba umhombiso ekhaya ameme kuphela zabathengisi zobungcali kuthenga izinto kakhulu. Matilda wayefuna ukuba ukubetha ukukhanya. Yaye waphumelela. Ngowe-1906 indlu yavulwa eSt Petersburg Kshesinskaia idilesi: Uninzi Noble Street №2-4 kunye Kronverksky Avenue, Building №1. Indlu ndawo kakhulu njengefashoni kwikomkhulu.

Biography womzobi AI von Gauguin

Xa ukhetha wezakhiwo ukwenza iprojekthi kwikhaya labo Kshesinskaya, Nanidloba eninzi abaviwa. wama ke yena kwi-Alexander von Gauguin. Waziwa kakuhle kakhulu ukuze imisebenzi yakhe - izindlu ezininzi, iicawa kunye nezakhiwo zoluntu eSt Petersburg kunye namadlelo ayo. Yena waba ngummeli elidumileyo isimbo Art Nouveau, nendlela kakhulu ngelo xesha. Kshesinskaia zemizi waba A. Gauguin Iprojekthi ebalulekileyo. Yamdumisa igama lakhe iminyaka ezayo. Fumana zakazchitsu ezifana Matilda Kshesinskaya, yaba yimpumelelo enkulu ngenxa wezakhiwo, ekubeni akukho nto sinayo iindleko yaye ukulungele imifuniselo ngqindilili.

A. von Gauguin waqalisa inkqubo yokwakha 1877. Kwakhona waba artist diploma, wadala imikrolo, zaveza. Kuba ngoxa ndandisebenza lokwakha kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa kweMfazwe: wakha iitempile, iindibano igosa isakhiwo, nasezibhedlele. Ngowe-1903 waba umakhi yeNkundla Imperial. Oku landa kakhulu inani labathengi ahlukile. Kwaye yiloo nto weza Kshesinskaya ukuba ubomi bam bonke sizama ukusindisa omalunga yakhe indlu yakomkhulu. Gauguin wafumana imfundo zoqobo. Waphumelela Academy of Arts, kodwa ekujikeni kwenkulungwane aza kwakhiwa kwi isimbo Art Nouveau, ukuphuhlisa kunye ekwandiseni nesimbo sezisombululo ezintsha zokuhombisa kunye bokwakha.

Indlela ephambili yokwakha ye XX kwekhulu ekuqaleni Petersburg

Zemizi webhaleyi Kshesinskaia kwafuneka ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iintsingiselo fashion. Ngoko ke, oko exubusha ukwakhiwa indlu wezakhiwo, ngoko nangoko ukhethe indlela 'mihla ", apho ngelo xesha eyona nesikhazimlayo kwi bokwakha lwasekhaya. Oku azakubalulwa ngumnqweno ukusebenzisa iintlobo zendalo, kuquka izinto ezahlukeneyo izakhiwo oriental, ukuhlanganiswa evumelanayo ezilijelo ubuhle, njengokufuna umhombiso, iziphumo enamandla zangaphandle. Konke oku kuhambelana ngexesha ekujikeni kwenkulungwane, xa kwakukho imvakalelo sokutshintshwa namathuba, ndaya ukukhangela iifom ezintsha, iimbono, izimiso ezintsha ngobuhle. Gauguin waba ngummeli ekuqaleni Northern Art Nouveau eSt Petersburg. indlela yayo zokwakha okwangoku kutyhilwa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa zonke iimpawu ezikhethekileyo oku kwizakhiwo zayo ngoku.

style Northern modernist eyahlula asymmetry iifom, nokutsala ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zendalo uhombiso, ukhetho evumelanayo noburhabaxa kwakunye kugudiswa nombala imibala yemvelo. Buildings kule isimbo embhoxo umbala ovumelana ezingxandeni zamaxesha aphakathi kunye elunxwemeni wasentla enamatye. uyilo Floral, iiphaneli esiphelweni majolica kunye ebhanyabhanya - enye inkalo lo mkhuba. Isibonelelo indlela eyenza noburhabaxa koko, ezinkulu, iintlobo ezinkulu, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iintlobo amathuba window. Zemizi Kshesinskaia eSt Petersburg waba umzekelo okuqala wasentla mihla.

device zemizi

zemizi eyakhiwa ingcamango weza Matilda emva kokuzalwa unyana wakhe. Indlu kwi Promenade des Anglais, oko kunika igumbi elinye kuphela komntwana, kwaye wayefuna ukuba aphile kamnandi nayo kwaye emva kokwandiswa. Bahlanganisana EQUIP sendawo, Matilde iminqweno womzobi. Xa memoirs yakhe ubhala ukuba kuchaziwe amanye amagumbi yokufeza angaphakathi. Wayefuna isithuba kunye nentuthuzelo yokwandisa. Kwaye Kshesinskaia zemizi waba uqhagamshelwano entle kunye nentuthuzelo. Webhaleyi nje kuphela wayefuna ukwenza ngcono iindwendwe kunye ababukeleyo, kodwa ukuhlala kunye nentuthuzelo ubuninzi.

Notyekelo Pomakazi kakuhle kakhulu. Kuyo, yonke into enikiweyo. Kwakukho nkqu igumbi lokunxibela ntofontofo amagumbi amabini: elinye Wagcinwa mistresses iimpahla, enye - iikhosityum. Yonke into yabalwa. Matilda kokuthumela nje inqaku inombolo intombazana yokugcina, ngoko wathumela ilokhwe yakhe ezinqwenelekayo naphi na. Ikhitshi ibe banzi kakhulu neempawu ngeteknoloji entsha. Apha ngokufuthi Kshesinskaya wamema iindwendwe emva kwesidlo.

Indlu inezithuba izilwanyana sinikiweyo: Djiby Fox terrier, eemazi anike umntwana ubisi entsha, iihagu kunye neebhokhwe, ngazo uMathilde wabonakala kwi "Esmeralda". Kwakhona kwicandelo ngayo kwigumbi elahlukileyo iimpahla, igaraji iimoto ezimbini. Kuba iindwendwe endlwini ezinikiweyo kunye newayini ngobunewunewu zokugcina, nto leyo igcwele ngokobuqu kamandi Prince Andrew. Inxalenye phambi indlu enegumbi ntofontofo amagumbi, iyileyo betha isimbo kunye nobungangamsha. iindwendwe Yahlula ngokuzingca waba isitiya yasebusika obutofotofo.

Indlela yokwakha le zemizi

Ukudala idrafti ikhaya elitsha, umakhi Gauguin ngokoqobo awayebubeke umphefumlo wakhe. Wacinga zonke iinkcukacha, kunye bamlandela ngokucacileyo iminqweno yayalela loo nto. Zemizi Kshesinskaia inophawu kuqamba azilingani, isiseko sayo imithamo ngokulinganayo. Indlu okungaqhelekanga na le yokuba inxalenye ngaphambili, aguqulwa abe Kronverkskiy emibuzo neememo, akukho umnyango omkhulu. Oku obufihlwe kwintendelezo encinane ngaphandle kwamasango ucingo lenyengane. olungaphambili Original unika isingqisho simahla iifestile ezahlukahlukeneyo. iminyango yazo bahambelana ubeko yangaphakathi yesakhiwo.

plan House kucingelwa ukuba inxalenye asezantsi ziya kwabelwa ukuba ofisi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye iya kubonakala kumagumbi kumgangatho karhulumente lokuqala: a lounge yokwamkela iindwendwe, igumbi lokutyela, ballrooms. Le yokugqibela, ngokuzenzekelayo, zazakhiwe ngendlela yohambelwano, sifunda ngaphakathi yobukhosi. Ngelo xesha iikota usapho zabucala ziza kubekwa phezu kumgangatho wesibini: igumbi lokulala, yokuxhela, lokuhlambela, usana. Nezicakakazi zabelwa namagumbi aphezulu anombilini ngokwanelisayo, eqaqambileyo. Matilda nto sinayo kulo.

Olungaphambili ezihonjiswe lenyengane elibomvu, ndiyingwevu kwaye ukukhanya nobushushu bendalo ejongene iziqalelo ze majolica eluhlaza lokubhalela metal izitena. Style - modernist Northern, ezibandakanya ukuzeyisa kunye nangobuciko. Indlu ayikhangeleki Noluyolo ngembonakalo, kodwa inika uluvo kwesimbo olugudisiweyo.

ingaphakathi

zemizi alo Kshesinskaia yenzelwe ukusebenza enkulu ngaphakathi zabo. Kuba ubhaliso lwalo isicelo konke okusemandleni. Ifanitshala wayalelwa ukusuka kwenye yomvelisi inkulu Melzer. Accessories, impahla, izibane, neendawo, tableware, amalaphu aqhelekileyo - yonke into phantsi nkcukacha zincinci-odolwe kwi zokuzilungisa ilungileyo Paris. Matilda wayefuna ukuba oyena akazange athandabuze inkcitho.

Xa kuceliwe iindwendwe enye iholo engundoqo ihonjiswe kwi indlela Louis XVI, okwesibini - Empire Russian. Iindonga zegumbi yokuqala zagutyungelwa ngesilika etyheli, owesibini - ezimhlophe. Lokulala icela isimbo IsiNgesi nempahla emhlophe. Igumbi lokutyela kunye lounge sele ezihonjiswe ngayo maxesha. Ingaphakathi sele echazwe iinkcukacha. Yonke into - ukusuka ethole ukuya neendawo - wezakhiwo Dmitriev ekhethiweyo ngokungqinelana ingqikelelo isithuba. Ngako oko iindwendwe bachukunyiswa, hayi kuphela tofotofo, kodwa kwakhona ngobunye ingundoqo kunye nemfezeko wezasekhaya ukuba ngokugqibeleleyo ugxininise ngumlinganiselo kunye neemilo zamagumbi neefestile.

Iziko wobomi ekuhlaleni

Emva kokufunyanwa Pomakazi Kshesinskaia photo bangena amaphephandaba, waba yindawo yoluntu indibano ophezulu. Matilda enelunda kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe yaye ukulungele phantse ukuba baqhube ukhenketho. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho zonke abadumileyo yexesha. Wayedla watyelela Yesenin kunye Aysedoroy Dunkan, nto leyo eyabangela kakhulu kufutshane kwinkosikazi le ipomakazi lendlu kaThixo. Kube Chaliapin. Babuza webhaleyi asebenza Karsavina, Nijinsky, Pavlova. Sergei Diaghilev kudala bahlala Matilda, nto leyo lobuhlobo.

Kshesinskaya wayekuthanda ukuqokelela Ikonsathi ngokumema iimvumi kakhulu oku. Umzekelo, inkwenkwezi Italian uLina Cavalieri. Indlu Ulundwendwe rhoqo yaba uKarl Faberezhe. Kakade ke, iindwendwe eziphambili Kshesinskaia kwakukho abameli yentsapho yasebukhosini. namatheko Apha sasiba, yeqonga ekhaya, uqengqa sokudla ezukileyo. kweminyaka elishumi uMathilde owayonwabile, ubomi obutofotofo xa isigodlo sakhe, kodwa eze 1917. Yonke into itshintshile.

amaxesha revolution

Ekupheleni kuka-1916, Matilda uqalisa ukwamkela ukusongela iileta, kodwa akukho nto bakhathazeke ngayo. NgoFebruwari 1917, kwafuneka ukuba ajongane ngqo utshintsho olululo. NgoFebruwari 28, abo bavukeli atyhoboza, angena kulo sendawo, waqalisa niziqhekeze ubambe. Kshesinskaya kunye nonyana wakhe Wakhawulezisa emkile endlwini, ukuthatha esifubeni izinto ezixabisekileyo. iintsuku ezilishumi endlwini walawula nalwazelelelo. Yaba kuphela ngoMatshi 10 Igosa kusodolophu unako ukuchaza inkonzo igcine imilinganiselo, leyo ke zigqithiswe ebhankini. Matilda sele kudala ilwela ukubuya kwabo, kodwa zange ephunyelelweyo. Noko ke, le nxalenye inkulu yezinto ngelo xesha unyamalale.

Ubunkokheli olululo iye wakhangela emva kwindlu ngendlu ikomkhulu layo apha. Kwaye Kshesinskaia ndlu "phawu" kugqitywe eSt Petersburg. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu uMathilde wazama ulikhusele njani ilungelo labo indlu nommangalelwa, zabhekiswa ku Kerensky. Yonke wafumana iindaba esiqinisekisayo. Kodwa ke indlu ukuze kungabikho namnye elikhululekileyo. NgoJulayi 1917 Kshesinskaya ushiya ase- Kislovodsk. Zange yenzeke ukubona indlu yakho.

ixesha ulawulo yiSoviet

Emva 1917, indlu ikhona, i-Petrograd yiSoviet, uze emva koko - ukuba Museum of the Revolution. Ngeli xesha, ukutshintsha amagama ezitratweni. Yaye imibuzo malunga apho indlu Kshesinskaia (idilesi), nendlela onokufikelela ngayo kulo, babe ezifanelekileyo kakhulu. Abahlali St. Petersburg ixesha elide kuya kufuneka ukuba kusetyenziswa yokuba esitratweni ngoku ebizwa ngokuba Enkulu Gentry Kuibyshev. Le zemizi ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kwakhona kwaku Institute of Food, Society of iiBolsheviks Old. Yaye kude kube phakathi 30, kwagqitywa ekubeni kulunika imyuziyam.

Museum no zemizi

Ngowe-1938, sazivula apha Sergei laseKirov Museum. Ngeli xesha, yalahleka phantse ngokupheleleyo imeko ipomakazi lendlu. Kwasala kuphela iziqalelo design. Ngowe-1957, emva koko ukudala Museum of the Revolution nokubuyisela imeko kwenye yeeofisi iinkokeli mdibi. Zemizi Kshesinskaia iiyure leyo ichazwe ngoku imo emyuziyam, eqhagamshelwe okufuphi neso ukusebenza --Pomakazi ka Baron Brant. Ngowe-1991 isakhiwo yanikwa Museum of History zezopolitiko of Russia, inxalenye mboniso enikelwe ukuba amaxesha Matilda Kshesinskaia.

indlu Life namhlanje

Kshesinskaia Pomakazi eSt Petersburg namhlanje, livela emikhakheni ezimbini: uyaqhubeka ukusebenza njenge museum imbali, kodwa ixesha elininzi abatyeleli apha uzibonele ngokwakho yokutyiwa kwaloo ngaphakathi obutofotofo. Kukho wahlala kangako fitments, kodwa magumbi phantse lomelele. Zemizi Kshesinskaia idilesi yayo ngoku indawo Ngeengokuhlwa zoncwadi kwaye zomculo, likuvumela ukuba ubone brilliant, iingcamango stylish of bezakhiwo uphumezo zobungangamela ingcamango. Ifudusiwe kuyiwa, iiholo, neendawo ukunika ufifi kwisikali projekthi. Zemizi Kshesinskaia (St. Petersburg) iye abavula zilandelayo: 10 ukuya kwi 18. Namhlanje, etsala emininzi iindwendwe kunye nabahlali eyinkunzi esemantla, njengokuba into ezinamagama kunye nendawo apho ubomi yathatha umfazi engaqhelekanga.

Legends zemizi

Kshesinskaia Pomakazi eSt Petersburg bekusoloko yambeswa amarhe ezahlukeneyo namabali. Nokuba ngexesha lokwakha abantu kodaba; imali enjalo zokwakha zodidi wanika noMlawuli Nicholas II. Kwaba phezu imiyalelo yakhe ohamba kwabekwa phakathi kwendlu kunye Winter Palace. Le rumor luzinzile kangangokuba namhlanje ezinye iindwendwe bafuna ukubona Pomakazi kwamehlo akhe.

Kwakhona sendawo Matilda Kshesinskaia, imbali kunye obutofotofo leyo umxhelo sabasebenzi kulo lonke ikamva post-revolution ephelekwa amarhe malunga buncwane. Ekubeni lokufakwa kwesakhiwo kwafunyanwa ngokusesikweni akunjalo izacholo ebekade impahla eninzi, apho abantu banentsomi yokuba Matilda ukuba wapakisha zonke izinto ezixabisekileyo ezafumaneka komboko kwaye wayifihla. Bafunyanwe mntu kude iye yakwazi. Enye rumor ezidolophini onxulumene umbono mzobo basetyhini windows-Pomakazi ngayo. Abahlali icala Petrograd wathi ebusuku roams siporho kukho webhaleyi ongakwaziyo ahlukane ekhaya wakhe othandekayo.

anika umdla

Kshesinskaia Pomakazi eSt Petersburg - indawo yimbali. Apha ngo-1917 ukususela kwivaranda uthe intetho Vladimir Lenin. Ukususela ngo-1938 kuye isetyenziswa museum kuqala laseKirov, ngoko - i Revolution kwaye, ekugqibeleni, imbali eRashiya kwezopolitiko. lezambatho Huge of a webhaleyi, lowo kwi-Pomakazi lathathwa emva revolution. Iminyaka ezayo Aleksandru Kollontay, revolution Russian kunye namazwe, nako kubonakala ilokhwe Matilda.