Yintoni coking amalahle kwaye isetyenziswa apho

Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso e-oyile kunye khangela imithombo yamandla enye nje kuphela kukhokelele kuphuhliso zobuchwepheshe obutsha, kodwa ukunikela ingqalelo kwezinye izinto, akukho luncedo ngaphantsi ekrwada - amalahle. Ishishini ibalulekileyo coking amalahle. Yintoni ixabiso layo, apho iveliswa - ibekwe kweli nqaku.

Yintoni na coking amalahle

Le amalahle, ukusuka apho kwiimeko coking coke kufumana amandla ethile kunye nobukhulu. It imele ixabiso elikhulu kwishishini kwaye uyawuthanda imfuno esomelela mveliso ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, coking amalahle njengoko amafutha lusetyenziswayo xa steelmaking namandla.

amalahle Coking ziyahluka kwezinye amalahle eziluphawu ukuya karhulumente zeplastiki kunye sinter phezu sesichengeni kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ingekho i-oksijini.

Ukudalwa coking amalahle

amalahle Coking ingohlobo kanzulu unfortified iphawulwa ash isiqulatho ephantsi (ngaphantsi kwe-10%), enesiqulatho aphantsi amacandelo aziphethe (15 to 37%) kunye nesalfure (ngaphantsi kwe-3.5%). Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo amalahle, amalahle coking kufuneka lobushushu eliphezulu ukutsha lubonakala ezinomthamo esezantsi ukungcola. Umlinganiselo zamacandelo efakwa izinto yamalahle ezahlukeneyo zisenokuthi zahluke kancinane. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba siqwalasele kule nkqubo coking. Ngoko ke, ukuba ezimiselwe nokubunjwa kwayo, coking, ukuziphatha sintering kunye nezinye izalathisi nokusingatha namalahle. Ngomhla kummandla elalisakuba yiSoviet Union kuba yamalahle coking kusetyenziswa ezi ntlobo:

• Ngu - coke.
• F - fat.
• G - igesi.
• OS - otoschenno-caking.
• SS - silnospekayuschiesya.

inkqubo coking

Phantsi kubonisa inkqubo coking ukuguqulela amalahle ukuze coke. It iqulathe izigaba ezininzi. Ngelo kwinqanaba lokuqala ukulungiswa amalahle coking. amalahle geni ingumhlaba kwaye enze umxube okhethekileyo - lwemenu. Xa inyathelo elilandelayo yenziwa coking. Senzeka emagumbini ezikhethekileyo coke igesi oven usebenzisa ukufudumeza. Izimasekile intlawulo ebekwe kwi-oveni iiyure 15 apho lonke ixesha ezenziwa ukuphakamisa iqondo lobushushu ukuya 1000 ° C. Ngenxa yale nkqubo kufunyanwa yi "ikeyiki coke."

Coking ubugcisa ngexesha kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini; kakhulu iye yatshintsha, leyo ukuba uphuhliso iidipozithi amalahle entsha.

Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-10% yemveliso yehlabathi yenkqubo amalahle carbonization ithatha indawo. Oku kuqinisekisa ubukho ibango eliphezulu lezoshishino kwamalahle coking.

Yintoni eyenza coking namalahle thermal

Ixabiso kakhulu kwishishini ukunika amalahle coking, esetyenziswa inkqubo amafutha kumacandelo amaninzi industrial kwezoqoqosho. Umzekelo, ngokuba ndiyabanyibilikisa isinyithi. Eyona iphambili eyahlula yamalahle coking kwi-eneji - ebusweni vitro. Eli candelo ash amalahle, oluthi luqokelelane ngenxa yokubola lwesityalo xa ingekho ioksijini. iipropati Vitrain ke ukukwazi ukunyibilika sintered phantsi lobushushu eliphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, microparticles carbon ziye qhiwu kwenye mass esiqinileyo. Okuya uba mkhulu umsantsa ukufumaneka vitro i inyuka umgangatho amalahle coking.

Ubungakanani inkulu into fusible equlathwe wamalahle ezinjalo izitampu: Coke, Gas, okunamafutha, otoschenno-caking kunye namafutha coking.

uphawu amalahle

Kwindalo, zininzi iintlobo amalahle ezo kuqamba ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa, kunye nezalathisi sinterability components aziphethe ngayo. Coking amalahle efanelekileyo brand nje ezimbalwa. Kodwa asingabo bonke bephela zilufanele sintering ngendlela esulungekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ufuna ukudibanisa amacandelo. Ngoko ke, kukho kumabanga alandelayo amalahle coking:

1. Ngu - coke. Kule coking grade amalahle ifunyenwe ifomu olunyulu conditioner coke metallurgical. Kuba ephakamileyo amalahle umgangatho ongezwe ezinye iibrand - ngqindilili okanye igesi.
2. QL - Coke okunamafutha. It has coking ilungileyo, ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa ukuzuza coke ngaphandle ngokongeza eminye kumabakala namalahle. Ukubunjwa okunamafutha coke amalahle iqulethe ukuya kwi-30% inamacandelo aziphethe. Bonakalisa vitrain - 1.3%. Ububanzi inwebu yeplastiki yi-18 mm. Akukho tshintsho umgangatho coke ukuba kongezwe isitampu kwi-20% CS, OS, kunye KO.
3. KO - coke otoschenny. Ububanzi umaleko yi 10-12 mm, lo vitrain nolwetyiso - ukuya kwi-1%. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le brand lisusiwe yedwa, kodwa kuphela xa kubanjiswene ne LCD kunye namalahle ukutsha.
4. SPE - coke caking nizkometamorfozny. Ngexesha sintering olu hlobo coke amalahle kwakhiwa amandla zihlambeke ephantsi, ngoko ikakhulu isetyenziselwa sintering kunye nezinye iimpawu okanye ukuvelisa irhasi zokwenziwa.
5. COP - coke caking. Ububanzi umaleko kokulungisa 9 mm. It luphawulwa sinterability eliphantsi. CS grade amalahle coke isetyenziswa namashishini component ezibhityileyo. Kwakhona lusetyenziswe kwezinye iinkalo zemveliso ngenxa yokutsha wakubo.
6. C. - coke igesi. Xa carbonization isivuno coke elungileyo edidekile, kodwa amandla mechanical ephantsi. imveliso sintered lula yahlulwe ngamaqhekeza amancinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amalahle negesi lisetyenziswa imixube nezinye namalahle coking.

Sintering ingqalelo kakhulu zimpawu coking amalahle: ngqindilili, caking, igesi, otoschenno-caking kunye coking ngohlobo ecocekileyo. Aqulathe mali incinane ukungcola kwaye babe ductility eliphezulu.

Fields of application

Eyona Injongo coking amalahle - fuel mveliso. Ngexesha ukutsha kwamalahle coking okhupha izixa ezikhulu ngamandla obushushu. Ngoko ke, lo ucinezelo lobushushu fuel 470ºS. Kodwa uvutha - hayi indlela kuphela ndikhuphe iimpawu luncedo kule bezimbiwa. Kukho namanye amacandelo amaninzi uqoqosho apho wamalahle coking zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo enkulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwale kobutyebi bendalo kwiinkqubo kwimizi ivumela ukufumana kuyo ilothe, molybdenum, zinc, germanium, isalfure, kaLayishe waseGalim kunye neminye imichiza. izicelo Industrial kwakhona ukuba inxuwa kunye noshishino namalahle. Ngoko ke, zilungiswa kwi refractories kunye abrasives. Kwakhona bachithe izinto zokwakha zaveliswa.

Xa iyonke, amafutha yenziwa ilitye iintlobo 300 yemveliso ngaphezu. Amalahle lisetyenziswa eziphathekayo ezaziyimfuneko ukuze imveliso carbon kunye grafayithi isakhiwo vysokoazotnyh asidi asetyenziswa nezichumiso. isicelo ophumelelayo izinto ayaphuma ngethuba lenkqubo coking. Ngenxa yoko, ngexesha neyanamhlanje owomileyo kwamalahle tar wambumba kunye namanzi ammonia. Bathi ke nabo ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.

Ngaphaya koko, inkqubo coking zabiwa iimveliso sukube, eziqulathe benzene, phenol, toluene kunye ammonia. Basimisela umthombo nezinye izondlo.

Nezokukhupha coking amalahle e Ukraine

Coking amalahle e Ukraine lisetyenziswa amashishini metallurgical kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, kwishishini intsimbi i oluhlasela i-90% yabo neemfuno ezipheleleyo olu hlobo zepetroli. Noshishino lokomba inika lizwe coking kwiimalike zangaphakathi amalahle%-60 kuphela. I-40% ye amalahle wadla kwamanye amazwe. Umthengisi ezingundoqo amalahle coking eUkraine i Russia.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukwanda kwemfuno izinto angaphandle ekrwada kweli lizwe. Oku kungenxa ukuncipha kwemveliso yasekhaya. Kwakhona, imfuno izinto ekrwada zasekhaya iwela ngenxa ekunciphiseni umgangatho walo, njengoko ematyeni intsimbi akakwazi ukusebenzisa amalahle ezinomthamo high nesalfure.

E Ukraine, yamalahle coking ekuveliseni nezitya: seDonetsk, eLvov-Volyn, Dnieper. Eli nani likhulu amalahle bebekelwa kwi seDonetsk, Luhansk kunye Dnipropetrovsk iingingqi. Okwangoku, ngenxa xenga kwezopolitiko coking kwamalahle kwimpuma Ukraine lunqunyanyisiwe.

yamalahle eRussia

iidipozithi amalahle enkulu ibekwe eRashiya. Ngokutsho kwamanani, eli lizwe yenye yeendawo zokuqala ehlabathini amalahle. Ngaphezu kwama-67% kuwo emalahleni. Kwezi,-10% abo coking amalahle.

I-Russian amalahle coking geni amadike: Kuznetsk, Pechora, Yuzhno-Yakutsk, IDonetsk kunye Kizel. Amachibi ezimbini zokuqala ukuvelisa kwamalahle umthamo omkhulu.

Oovimba coking amalahle eRashiya 47.3 yeebhiliyoni. Iitoni. Nangona kunjalo, inxalenye encinane lowo ukulungele ukuba ungasetyenziswa. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuveliswa coking amalahle eRashiya kwinqanaba 70 mln. Iitoni ngonyaka ngamnye. Oku kwanele ukubonelela izinto, amashishini industrial kweli lizwe.

amalahle Coking into geni eRashiya ngokuthe ngcembe isantya. Ukukhula kwemveliso amalahle luya kuqhubeka kwimeko yokwanda kwemfuno olu hlobo zempahla ekrwada zibangelwa kuphuhliso lwamashishini metallurgical kunye enxulumene kuqoqosho Russian.

Amathemba market amalahle coking

Kwiminyaka ezayo i-Russian kushishino wamalahle Silinde utshintsho. Iinkalo eziphambili kuphuhliso shishino iya ndiphathe inkqubo nkqo ye yamalahle. Ngoko ke, umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente ubonelela ngokusekwa emadamini ngenxa kwamaziko eneji amandla ezincinane kunye neziphakathi. Kwakhona izicwangciso ukufaka izixhobo kwizityalo amalahle, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukuqhubekekisa amalahle zokubasa ezihlambulukileyo zokwenziwa.

Ngokuphathelele imithamo kwiintengiso, imfuno coking amalahle eRashiya uya kukhula. Inyaniso kukuba ukongeza kumashishini zentsimbi Coke usebenzisa yokunyibilikisa isinyithi non-ayoni kunye namanye amashishini amaninzi. Ngenxa yoko, ukuvelisa 1 itoni enye ihagu intsimbi kufuneka malunga 0.4 iitoni coke. Kodwa ezinye ubuchwepheshe buyisela naye izithintelo resource inzuzo engaphaya isicelo.

i coking jikelele iintsingiselo zolu rhwebo amalahle

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iinkampani amalahle amaninzi onke amazwe ebezijongene nengxaki kwamaxabiso amalahle coking. Le ngxaki mandundu urhulumente ukuba abonelele coke ngezixa kwemfuneko. Kwakhona nempembelelo enkulu kumaxabiso has ukuthambekela ukunciphisa iindleko zabathengi. kuvela Enye meko ebe lilishwa kukunqwenela nabavelisi zentsimbi ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso. EYurophu eTshayina, imfuno coking amalahle iyaqhubeka ngokukhula, kodwa kungenxa imveliso kwiindidi ngaphezulu. Kodwa ngokubanzi, umthamo kuthengwa izinto ekuweni kwimarike yehlabathi.

A kangako ukuzinzisa le meko kunye namandla izinto ekrwada kwimarike US. Kodwa ixabiso iye yaqhubeka kuwa ngenxa kokufuneka for steel. Ngenxa yoko, oku ukunciphisa ukuvelisa coking amalahle kwi US naseYurophu.

Kodwa iingcali ukuqikelela ukunyuka zorhwebo yorhwebo amandla e-India. On yokungenisa umthamo amalahle coking eli lizwe ubekwa kwindawo yesithathu ehlabathini.

iindleko zempahla ekrwada

Kwikota yesibini ka-2015 I-waphawula Ukuhla amaxabiso coking amalahle. Iinkampani ezinkulu ehlabathini zinika izinto ngexabiso apho liyehla 5-10% xa kuthelekiswa kwikota yokuqala. Ngenxa yoko, le nkampani yaseMzantsi Afrika Anglo American abanikezelayo yaseJapan coking wamalahle na umgangatho eliphezulu USD 116 ngetoni 1 nganye. Ixabiso avareji 1 itoni enye coking amalahle ngu 117 US.