Karl Smely: A Biography. Kwakutheni ukuze uCharles i Bold ekuthiwa knight yokugqibela?

Enye amanani ankrelekrele eyona bala eYurophu, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, uKarl Smely, owayelawula Burgundy phakathi kwenkulungwane XV. Embalini elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba 'knight yokugqibela' kuba iimpawu wayenazo, okanye ukuba wenza ukuba kuthiwe. Wayehlala yobudala ngenkohlakalo, kwaye siyaqondakala ke ndayifumana imangalelwe izenzo achaza unobangela mihla indoda zibe namanwele.

Nyana kunye yindlalifa kaFilipu Good

UKarl wavuka esinazo kakhulu elungileyo. Uyise, filipp Dobry, nangona into yokuba kuluhlu lwabantu abaziwa ngokungahlawuli isidima sakhe ngokuthi anike IsiNgesi Joan of Arc wakwazi ukunika amandla iBurgundy, apho kuyo wafumana udumo eliphezulu eYurophu. Xa inkundla ducal wakhuthaza uphuhliso lobugcisa, kwaye umlawuli yaba mxhasi wangumququzeleli ikhowudi knightly kunye owaseka IMbasa Golden eboyeni, nto leyo eye ndihlile, ukuze imihla yethu.

UFilipu wayesele Sasikuthanda of jousting kwiitumente kunye nokhuphiswano minnesingers. Kuyaqondakala ukuba, owazalwa November 10, 1433 indlalifa, awababiza Carl, wazama ukubethelela iimpawu knight lokwenyaniso. imisebenzi uFilipu ezazingekho engento, unyana ilifa ngokupheleleyo uthando lwakhe imilo, ezingela kunye namaphulo zomkhosi.

Kulutsha elizayo iNkosana Burgundy

Bekhokelwa yezizathu zezopolitiko, utata wakhawuleza waya Woziganela unyana wakhe uKatarina, intombi French ukumkani uCharles VII, nokuba umntu babamba umtshakazi esingenamntu wakwenza oko xa indlalifa kwayona kwiminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Hi ndlela leyi, awayeza kutshata tsakela wayeneminyaka emine kuphela abadala ngaphezu nesoka lakhe. Kamva, uCharles wayetshatile kabini nangaphezulu - a Frenchwoman Isabelle de Bourbon kunye Englishwoman Margaret of York. Zombini zaba begazi.

Ebutsheni bakhe uKarl Smely wadibana, wada wenza abahlobo kunye elizayo arch-utshaba lwakhe - yindlalifa kwitrone isiFrentshi, Louis, xa waye Duchy of Burgundy uyazifihla ingqumbo kayise. Phantse abaneminyaka efanayo, zahluke nto ibalasele ngamandla kukuba enye kwenye. Karl Smely - i "knight yokugqibela" - kwakukho umfana, waqina, ulungele ngekrele esandleni ukungqina ukuba umsulwa. Louis efanayo, emifutshane zingcakacile, kunye nokwanda encinane iqhinga ezahlukeneyo wengcibi yokuluka ke lowo.

iphulo Military nxamnye umhlobo yangaphambili

weza ubuhlobo babo ukuya esiphelweni xa July 22, 1461, Louis saphumelela itrone yakhe, waba ngukumkani eFransi, Louis XI. Ukususela kwimihla ngqa ngo-ofisi, wayiqhubela-nkqubo iRetirement ebukumkanini amazwe ebango izinduna waba ngumkhonzi wakhe. Oku kwabangela ukuba ukungoneliseki kwabo kakhulu, nto leyo The zizigwili lobunganga neendwalutho inamathele inkosi yakhe, akuba ekugqibile isivumelwano ebizwa ngokuba "League of sakhane." Yile umfela futhi bama Karl Smely, ngubani kwanyanzeleka ukuba bazibandakanye ukumkani omtsha kumlo County of Charolais, apho zombini ibango.

ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, longquzulwano yezopolitiko kwakhula abonane emkhosini. Ngeli xesha, filipp Dobry wafa, uKarl wayesele ilifa Holdings kayise kuphela sikhulu, kodwa isihloko iNkosana Burgundy. Ke kaloku intloko imikhosi eqokelelwe "yi-League of sakhane," waba ngokupheleleyo ithuba ukubonisa isibindi nenkalipho yabo.

qala igazi

Uloyiso lokuqala brilliant iphumelele uKarl Smely ngo-1465, wahlasela umkhosi umhlobo wakhe owayesakuba kweli dabi Montlhéry. Oku banyanzelisa ukumkani ukuba up amabango ayo okwilizwe uphikise Charolais. Ekhuthazwe impumelelo, luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi wabalekiselwa kuzo ezintsha. Ke wakhumbula ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kwisixeko Liege phantsi kwakhe kwakukho zaqalwa okubangelwa iirhafu eziphezulu ngokugqithiseleyo. Kodwa eyona nto imbi, ukuba phakathi abavukeli ukuba lulwimi ukuba - uKarl Smely, iNkosana Burgundy - wazalwa hayi kuFilipu, uyise Good yakhe esemthethweni, kwaye ukusuka ubhishophu wasekuhlaleni, apho unina wakhe neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Isabella umhlala izono.

A knight lwenene, kwaye ke ngoko ngokwakhe ingqalelo uKarl, angamxoleli sisithuko owenzeke nenekazi, ingakumbi umama wakhe. Wenza umoya ngexesha layo - ngamaXesha Aphakathi okhohlakeleyo kwaye kumnyama. Ukufakwa Liege, ogama abahlali abazange bazame ukuxhathisa, wamtshabalalisa kubo bonke, kuquka abafazi nabantwana. Ngokuziqhenya ukukhulisa intloko yakhe, uKarl washiya amanxuwa engamabhodlo izolo isixeko lokudubula. Ndandimtyelela ngale ndlela yaye iindawo ezimbalwa duchy yakhe.

Zokulindela baseBurgundy Wars

Ngaba ngenqindi phantsi esekwe ezingqondweni bobukhulu bakhe, uCarl walangazelela ukuba ubukumkani bakhe isifundo lika-Burgundy, kwaye kakhulu kule meko ukuze amkele ezandleni lwayo Pope yakhe. Kodwa nezicwangciso namabhongo we luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi wabumisela kuphumelele. It wamelana umlawuli uBukhosi baseRoma, nokumkani yaseFransi. Akekho okanye omnye akundilungele inzuzo lwaseBurgundy.

Iinjongo uCharles the Bold and Louis babephakathi 11 - ukufumaneka ubuninzi amandla ezandleni zabo, kodwa ukufezekisa oko zifuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba baseBurgundy lonke lathembela nangempi ezingenangqondo, ukumkani wenza ngobuqili ngamayelenqe, nto leyo yaba inkosi nanto. Wokutshabalalisa imbangi yakhe, wakwazi ukuba abe uthotho adventures zomkhosi, kamva ngokuba baseBurgundy Wars.

Ukudinwa kweli lizwe

Phantsi sakhe, uKarl Smely wenza iinzame kunye elifeni lakhe Alsace kunye Lorraine. Ukuqhambuka kwakukhuthaza, kodwa emva koko Louis XI ezilawulwa thethwano lasentsithelweni ukuphakamisa izigalo nxamnye naye phantse isiqingatha Europe. Sincame yezabelo nemikhankaso ye luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi wobomi Burgundy bafudukela ngokupheleleyo kwisiseko imfazwe. Ekubeni nokugcinwa umkhosi satshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo wokulondoloza imali, lucinyiwe lonke zokuzonwabisa. Zazingekho ezi ukhuphiswano neembongi neseemvumi, yezandla, imicimbi non-mkhosi, owakubhangisayo okunene nje. Owayesakuba Ubutyebi yajika indlala nobuhlwempu.

Le bahlulwa Gransone

kumava embali ubonisa ukuba enoba namabhongo enkulu, akukho umlawuli kuphela ukumelana ingqokelela kumazwe. UKarl Smely, iNkosana iBurgundy, kungekho ngaphandle. Ukuba amaJamani kunye isiFrentshi, yena akwaze ukuhlangabezana, eyona ngelo xesha umkhosi Swiss yayinzima kakhulu kuye.

Ekubulaleni yokuqala uwaphule kwakhe ubunzima 1476 kwi-Battle of Gransone. Kungekudala ngaphambi koko, Duke Karl Smely wathabatha umzi, sibambe ukungcatshwa omnye abavikeli zakhe. Nge inkampu wathabatha ikhonkxwa, wenza njalo, kwakunye ukuyenza ngayo - amajoni hung, ngoxa abanye batshoniswe e Lake Neuchâtel.

Swiss, wakhawuleza waya nokuhlangula, kwaya kwacaca ukuba balindelwe nabo kwimeko kuba bengaphumelelanga. Nam ukumka namanzi okanye usixhome omnye wabo akazange afune, ngoko eziphefumlelweyo, boyise Burgundians. Karl Smely - umlawuli baseBurgundy - ngokulambisa, eshiya utshaba lwakhe phambili ngelo xesha, zokudubula kunye inkampu enkulu, zizele ubutyebi baphanga kwephulo.

iphinde yahlelwa

Noko ke, le ukoyiswa ayikho ninganciphi Swagger nangobukhulu umphathi. ngeharika rhoqo, apho wayeza kuza, belinde iNkosana kufutshane nedolophu Murten. Apha, uCarl efunyenwe Swiss nangakumbi oyalele ukoyiswa. Ukususela amaxwebhu kwexesha elaziwa ukuba waba ithuba, usebenzise mbambano wesithathu ukuba benze uxolo yaye pretty tacky, kodwa siphila ukubuyela lwaseBurgundy lokuzalwa kwakhe. Noko ke, nomsindo umva zomkhosi, amkhumbula ithuba losindiso nto leyo isayinwe ukufa yesigunyaziso kwakhe. Into yokuba iinjongo nenxa uCharles the Bold abazange siwenze anokubanakho anakho.

Eqalile ekupheleni umlawuli baseBurgundy

Ekupheleni konyaka enye intloko yomkhosi elisandul 'ukusekwa, wenyuka waya kwisixeko Nancy. Le abavikeli babonisa ukuzingisa ezintle, kunye zokungqinga yaqhubeka. Nangona isibakala sokuba ngenxa obushushu asezantsi ezininzi amajoni akhe frostbite kwaye akwazi ukuqhubeka ukulwa, uKarl wala ukuba aphindele ezantsi, ngethemba lokuba nendlala uya ukunyanzela bayingqinga ukuba anikezele. Ngeli xesha esi sixeko weza uncedo umkhosi omkhulu, eziquka iibhodi Alsatians, Austrians, amaJamani kunye nesiFrentshi.

Usuku 5 Januwari 1477 kwaba yingozi ngenxa umkhosi uCharles the Bold. yokungabi nako ukuxhathisa mkhulu umdlali yakhe amanani, oko yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo. -Ngqwayi ngokwakhe kokuba ebulewe emfazweni. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva umzimba wakhe, ezilinyaziweyo, nabaphangi aziphanga amanxeba, yafunyanwa emlanjeni ekufutshane. Igqekeziwe ubuso bakhe angaqondakali kangangokuba luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi waba nako ukuchonga kuphela ukuba ugqirha lobuqu umonakalo endala.

isiphumo yaphelelwa wokulawula Charles

Ukufa uCharles the Bold sele zigqityiwe yonke elizibalula kwimbali Burgundy. Ndayihluthwa indlalifa kumgca inkwenkwe, lwakhawuleza yahlulwa phakathi Habsburgs kunye isithsaba French. Uyaphela ukuba ixabiso Duchy njenge geqe yaseYurophu. Yaba yinxalenye yembali kunye nomlawuli walo indefatigable uKarl Smely, ogama engobomi luluhlu okuqhubekayo iimfazwe kunye namaphulo. Akumangalisi oku, kuba bonke ubomi bakhe wayesele bathinjwa ku amabhongo zabo.

iqhawe ngokungesabi ngumpolitiki embi

Iimpawu uCharles the Bold, wenza ukuba abaphandi, yinto impikiswano. Yinto engenakuphikwa ukuba yonke imikhosi wathumela ukuba Burgundy isifundo yakhe acceding ukuya emazweni ezifunyenwe ubukhulu okukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, lo zisisiphumo saloo mgaqonkqubo militarist iye yaba sisikhubekiso le duchy ize yona intlupheko jikelele. Buhliselwe phezulu enkundleni kayise, uFilipu Good, imigaqo uCharles ababezibiza zokulwa, kodwa, ngokuvumelana izithethe ngexesha wakhe, wobulawa afe kungabikho ndlela abantu abamsulwa wathimba izixeko.

Umbuzo ngulo: kutheni uCharles ke Bold ngokuba "knight yokugqibela"? Mhlawumbi, impendulo ifumaneka yokuba waba ngomnye wabo babecinga imidlalo yezopolitiko ababa elihlazo nabangabufanelekelanga, wakhetha ukusombulula yonke imiba lidabi evulekileyo, njengoko esifanele knight lokwenyaniso. Alithandabuzeki elokuba, le ndlela iya kunika ngabafo kuye nawuphi na umntu abucala, kodwa intloko karhulumente ngayo ayamkelekanga. Ubunkokeli lizwe yeyona alohlukaniswa kwezopolitiko eziphakamileyo, kwaye kwesi sahluko kufuneka ibe yobungcali.