Jets Water izikhephe kunye izikhephe: ukubuyekeza abalimi, izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abakhetha ukudibanisa uhlobo lomsebenzi (nokuba ikuba okanye umsebenzi) benemizimba ngamanzi ezifana imilambo okanye amachibi, kungekudala ubuso ingxaki ukhetho kunye nohlobo ukuqhutywa isikhephe kuye. jet amanzi Motor-volume okanye nangoku ujije? Ngamnye ubuhle nobubi bayo. Indlela ukukhetha, yintoni ukuhlawula ingqalelo? Kwaye ingaba kuyimfuneko ukuba benze ukhetho phakathi moya kwamanzi kunye motor classic waqonda evulekileyo?

Impompo-jet

jet Water ebizwa injini ukuqhutywa benqanawa ngamandla eveliswa kukhululwa ye jet amanzi.

Icebo basafunda iqulathe elijikelezayo umngxuma (impeller) Umbhobho vodomotnoy straightener kunye isixhobo steering.

Umgaqo tyando ukungena kwamanzi ngomlomo impeller ukuya kwigumbi ugwebu ngamanzi, yaye emva kokuba ulwelo betekisi kumbhobho tapered, lo walivala ithende yayo ezincinane ubukhulu ngaphezu ugwebu. Oku kwenza jet obonelela intshukumo iphenyane motor. Nenkqubo esungulayo kuveliswe utshintsho kwicala ezaqala kokutshintsha unit jet basafunda-moya tyaba, ngokubonelela amathuba isitya kwaye idlulela obratnonapravlenny lokuphuma kudala flow, ngokubonelela umva ukuya emkhombeni.

Ngokukhetha jet amanzi ngesiqhelo abantu bathanda, nabadla kufuneka bahambe amachibi saa okanye ohamba. Normal Screw motor kwezi mingcipheko meko kuza azisalungiseki ngenxa umngcipheko omkhulu ngokubhijela anodaka kwi Screw kwi emanzini okanye siqhagamshelana udoti enkulu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kubalulekile pump-jet, ngokubonelela high speed, uphume kunye nokhuseleko.

Ngaba kuba iimbono eliqingqiweyo nxaxheba kumaqonga ahlukeneyo. Emva umfanekiso olubanzi kwenza nje ukuba ibuyekezwe. High umthamo wamanzi jet ayikho kuphela isakhiwo kakhulu nzima, asikuko ukuba nawuphi na umfuziselo inqanawa zingaba zezifanelekileyo. Ukuba makhwelo bakhululekile ingcamango ukusebenzisa isitya kunye nempompo-jet, kufuneka sihlale inguqulelo yokugqibela yeTshata ye emkhombeni sekhe amanzi izixhobo yokuqala. Ngaphezu koko, kungakuhle ukuba ukhethe ngumvelisi ozibandakanye ekuvelisweni data basafunda ixesha elide.

Ubuhle nobubi

isixhobo jet Amanzi ngakumbi yokuba zonke iinxalenye ehamba ezinkulu "ezifihlakeleyo 'ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Ukuba inqanawa ubaleka umkhombe, akufiki ezantsi kwe igobhogobho kwenzeka. Lo msebenzi kuyilo ikuvumela ukuba ukukhusela izinto ekubeni eyonakeleyo, ezo ke le outboards with "uyihlubile" iqhosha lemenyu. ezi Impompo-jet ningoyiki yokuhlangana udoti kwamanzi.

Xa uqhuba inqanawa motor emanzini nzulu kunye nobunzulu malunga elingana umzimba ezisemhlabeni (malunga 20 neesentimitha) kunaso amanzi weyisayo iindawo umonakalo, kunye neendawo kunye imiqobo aphumele ngaphandle kwamanzi ngenxa uphume yayo.

Ukuba ukubhabha umqobo kubunzulu ngeesentimitha eziyi-30, impembelelo sizakucinga ezantsi enqanaweni, endaweni kunaso amanzi, ekubeni umphambanisi Akukho iindawo elibukhali, ongayi kuba wathi injini, leyo hit iqalise yabe bendiza.

Ngamanye amaxesha ukumpompa-jet esetyenzisiweyo nolonwabo bezandla ngenxa yokusebenza zokuhambisa umbane ethambileyo (transmission) kunye nokungabikho intlokoma.

Le eziluncedo kufuneka sibandakanye ukungabikho yokuxhathisa amanzi engqalene iinjini kunye waso evulekileyo (nenjini yakudubula kunye nokudala ukuxhathisa ezongezelelweyo). Ukongeza, ukuphathwa lula qelele Iimpawu inertia ophezulu kakhulu kwi ngesantya esiphezulu (njengoko ngaphambili ngethuba kwaye ngasemva). ukubaluleka ke uluhlu nengxolo ephantsi: umthamo High jet amanzi injini aphilileyo ukuzola ngokuphawulekayo ngaphezu imoto kunye elijikelezayo.

Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe icala; ngaphantsi emanzini kukho umngcipheko wokuba loo injini uya kwimali amatye, isanti kunye nobutyobo ukusuka ezantsi, ngokuba kunaso amanzi isebenza kumgaqo nempompo pump. Oku kunokukhokelela umonakalo impeller, ukusilela kwinkqubo sokupholisa kunye nokusebenza elingachanekanga umlomo ethumela izigulane.

Enye ingongoma ezimbi lo ivuse. Oku kubangelwa ngesantya intshukumo aphezulu amanzi ngaphakathi kombhobho. Musa ukulibala malunga neendleko yofakelo. Vodomotnye iinjini injini kabini oluziindleko njengoko outboards eziqhelekileyo Screw evulekileyo. Ngenxa yale iphenyane impompo-jet efakiwe ekongezeni ixabiso labo yaye waqonda ngabathengi nje benze okanye zodidi.

Ingaqhelekanga abalandeli iinjini Screw zakudala kunye nenkqubo yolawulo jet amanzi. Ingxaki olubangelwa kukuba bendiza zakudala kunye waso evulekile inkqubo yolawulo enye-lever. Impompo-jet nazo reversibly isixhobo multilink-steering. Ezinye abavelisi ukuphatha ukuvelisa izikhephe kunye jet ngamanzi eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi kunye nenkqubo yolawulo enye-lever. Kwelinye icala, oko kuyanceda ukufunda shaka amanzi, kwelinye icala, kunokuba kubandakanya iimbandezelo ngaphezu iinzuzo:

• Okokuqala, saqala kuphuhlisa ingcamango ephosakeleyo malunga impompo-jet. Oku kungenxa yokusilela transmission enjalo, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukuguqulela shift lever ukuya kwisikhundla cala. Unikezelo ungakwazi noba ncokola clutch okanye off. Impompo-jet kuxhaphaka sisethubeni isantya xa ngayo lwephanyazo ezifana jerk ukusuka kwindawo ukuba kulindeleke.
• Okwesibini, ngokuba ukuqonda ngcono ngemigaqo jet amanzi, kucetyiswa ukuba kudlule uqeqesho olufanelekileyo. Iqhinga ulawulo Impompo-jet siyifumana imfuneko ukusebenzisa lever umcephe (ukunyusa isantya) kuphela kukho ichibi evulekileyo. Xa uqhuba kwi enemisinga komlambo encinane kubhetele ukuba wenze njalo.
• Amaphutha lwesithathu ezibalulekileyo, njengenxalenye naluphi na uhlobo zothutho lwamanzi - overgrowing. Okubuhlungu kukuba imeko ingxaki sekhe yamanzi, njengoko ngaphakathi zonke iindawo ezihambayo. Esiqhubekayo ukusebenzisa umphambanisi akuyongxaki. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba ngaba isikhephe ayisetyenziselwa ixesha elide, i ingaphakathi yene. Ingakumbi, ungcolisa inkqubo kwanangezibilini lokulawula amanzi kunciphisa isantya intshukumo ukuya kwi-10%. Le ngxaki isonjululwe kunye disassembly ye jet amanzi okucoca ngesandla, kodwa ukuba isikhephe motor lutho ixesha elide kakhulu, kuya kufuneka ukuba uqhagamshelane evenkileni uze ukhangele iindawo ezifanelekileyo ungangxameli injini iphenyane. Ukusebenzisa dayi kuqamba awodwa aya ukusombulula le ngxaki, kodwa hayi elide: ukuhamba rhoqo amanzi ngokukhawuleza kukuhlambulula paint.

amanzi jet umthamo High - its ikhuselekile!

Kakade ke, ukhuseleko drive jet - iphambili ezintle. Ekubeni impeller ibekwe ngaphakathi, kunaso amanzi engeyongozi umntu kokuhlala emanzini. izixhobo ezinjalo isicelo watercraft namaphenyane ngexesha ethwele abaqubhi zamanzi kunye Surfers.

iimpawu noshowo kwimpompo-jet ikuvumela inqanawa yenziwa sakujika phantse endaweni ngecebo umva-steering (RDD), inika utshintsho yezalathiso (umva) yamanzi amdaka.

iindawo jet amanzi zifumaneka lula, nokulungiswa akubangeli nzima kakhulu. Ukuba injini ye jet amanzi akuphumeleli, kufuneka usebenzise iinkonzo nayiphi na ivenkile umzimba, apho omnye lula kulungiswa okanye indawo. Bonke baya kuxhomekeka iqondo lomonakalo. Kusenokufuneka kwakhona inkqubo eqwalasele kuyo, ukupholisa kunye zeemoto xa kwimeko yokutshintshwa.

Impompo-jet lineqela bokuqonda, leyo asimele sikubethe ngoyaba. Omnye wabo: ukuba ajika ngesantya esiphezulu, musa kwakhona de kube sekupheleni nayiphi kushenxa, nokuba bathe babuya okanye U-babuye umva up.

Njani yaye injini, impompo-jet ivavanywa ngokubhijela ulwelwe ubungozi impeller, nto leyo, unako jam. Ukuthintela umonakalo injini kwimeko lisiza kwi shaft jiko, isitshixo okhethekileyo, nto leyo kunqunyulwa. Lisiza kwakhona lula ukuphelisa a okwenziwe ngemigca exweseneyo lokuvula. Inika ukhuseleko ngokuchasene rocks eziwayo - grid.

Indlela ukukhetha inkanunu amanzi

EziQhelekileyo Motors injini evulekileyo abe elijikelezayo ngobuchule (efficiency) lingana 0.65-0.75 xa uhambisa ngesantya esiphakathi. Kuba ukusebenza jet yamanzi nama-0,55 ngesantya 40-55 km / h. Ngokwandisa isantya ku-100 km / h kuyo sele 0.60-0.65. uyilo eyiyo ngayo zoonke lokumpompa jet lunika ukusebenza nama-0,70. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqwalasela kuphela shaka amanzi kodwa nakubaxholi lunikezelo efakiweyo uyilo jet amanzi.

Kuyanconywa ukuba ukufunda eziliqela imithetho ukuvumela ukukhetha ngobulumko sekhe amanzi, eyona nto ibalulekileyo leyo abachaphazelekayo kunye design and technology iimveliso. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba banikele ingqalelo imilo esatsiba. Esidi kufuneka setyhula okanye okweqanda imilo cross-yecandelo. embodiments Ngaphantsi zinqwenelekayo square yokukhupha amanzi ityhubhu kwaye ngohlobo uxande ajikelezayo.

Into ebalulekileyo ikona ukuthambeka isibalo esqwini. Khetha ukuba kwi "kwisantya ephakamileyo -. Ithambeka yi ngaphantsi" Vodomotnye bathezi asakhasayo ngesantya kuluhlu 55-65 km / h, nto leyo ziphunyezwe yi-engile degrees 35-39. Ukuze kufikelelwe izantya eziphezulu engile kufuneka linciphiswe ukuze degrees 25. I-engile ukutyekela shaft bendiza olukhethiweyo kwi kuluhlu ukusuka degrees kwiqanda ukuya ezintlanu.

ukufakwa

drive Jet kufuneka zifakwe kwi iimpahla-ukukhanya isantya, ebizwa ngokuba "planing". izikhephe ezinjalo ziyilelwe isantya engaphezu kweyi-60 km / h. Noko ke, maxa wambi shaka amanzi elifakiweyo amaphenyane avareji ukuthambekela engile emazantsi (deadrise) ukususela degrees 10 ukuya 30 kunye.

Ngexesha lofakelo, ithathele ingqalelo ubunzima bendiza, njenge ngokusisigxina ngaphakathi amanzi lidibanisa i isabelo enkulu isitya ngokwelitye. Ngenxa yokuba ukwenza izibalo "injini" isitya, kufuneka athathe ingqalelo ezincinane ebalulekileyo. Kodwa xa siqwalasela umfanekiso opheleleyo, kunaso amanzi zixhonywe emkhombeni - ngakumbi uguqulelo indawo ngaphezu injini kunye column yembombo. Ubunzima extra ngokulula zincitshiswe kungekho gearbox, esithatha indawo umva-steering. Kubalulekile ukuphawula, iingcali bacebisa ukufakela ezikhethekileyo coupling phakathi injini kunye shaka amanzi. Oku kunika umsebenzi ekwanti ye-injini, kungakhathaliseki indlela lokumpompa jet.

Ukuhambisana

umdla wokwenene impompo-jet ukusuka kurhwebo kakhulu kutshanje kwavela. Ngenxa kwiinkampani imifuniselo imikhumbi ngohlobo wofakelo jet amanzi-high speed neziye elwandle, iimpahla zomkhosi nezorhwebo, olu hlobo nqanawa basafunda iphumelele kuye ukuthandwa.

amava ukusebenza ngempumelelo abonise eziluncedo ezininzi ezifihlakeleyo, ukongeza noludumileyo ezicacileyo elaphumelela amaphenyane vodomotnye kumanzi abanzi.

Ngenxa yoko, omnye iinkampani lokuthumela Italian, ebhengeza kwezikhephe kunye nempompo-jet, ebonisa iimpawu ezifana iqondo eliphezulu bhetyebhetye ukuya imithwalo ukutshintsha kwi isitya (leyo ngokusoloko ezahlukahlukeneyo) kwakunye ngempumelelo enkulu kakhulu ngesantya-60 ukuya 95 km / h .

sekhe Amanzi ngaphandle eyayibethwa

Ezi mpawu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo iphenyane-ngesantya esiphezulu njengoko ohambisa zakudala kunye ngesantya nenjini isikhephe evulekileyo kuxhomekeke kwisantya iqhosha lemenyu. Ukutshintsha iimeko zemozulu, inceda ukwehlisa kokubetha inqanawa, kukhokelela nzima ukugcina ngesantya esingaguqukiyo. Oku kunefuthe elibi kwindlela ekuqhutywa injini ngenxa ekungakwazini ukuphuhlisa inani elikhulu amagophe. Ngenxa awohluke ye jet amanzi, kukungakwazi motor omninzi, ithuba lokuphuhlisa inani elikhulu amagophe, nokuba ngesantya intshukumo benqanawa. Oko kukuthi, inani revolutions liye lehla, umthwalo kwi injini iya kuhlala injalo, ihlale amafutha lingatshintshanga ngeyunithi ixesha nganye, kodwa uya kwandisa amafutha kwiyunithi umgama nganye.

Ukongeza, impompo-jet uphume ivumela elwandle balibeka ngendlela piers komlambo omncinane kunokuba namazibuko ezizodwa. Ukongeza, kukho umba obalulekileyo apho sekhe amanzi wazuza kulwamkelo kummandla isicelo kwizikhephe iza kuba umsebenzi wabo cwaka.

Motor elwandle niqalise befumana ubunzima xa uqhuba ngentla-50 km / h enzonzobileni yolwandle. Oku kungenxa yokwanda uxhathiso amanzi yabe (nokuba ojikelezayo) elijikelezayo. Xa usebenzisa jet amanzi kakhulu kwiqanda ukumelana ngenxa ohambisa kuyilo enika flow eqhubekayo ngeenxa zonke izindlu.

izikhephe iza awafane uhambe ngesantya esiphezulu, imfuneko jet amanzi kubangelwa ngumnqweno ukusebenza kakhulu- kunye ekhuselekileyo injini. Kodwa ke kukho iimeko ukuba anike ukwandisa isantya elwandle evulekileyo ngeendleko amandla - oko kukuthi, ukufakela iinjini ezininzi.

share market

Nokuthembeka sekhe amanzi amadama trash ibangela akukho zikhalazo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba iNkundla ukoyisa ezi iindawo ongcolileyo ezifana Channel, ngaphandle ukusilela enye.

Nangona yokusebenziseka kwaso, impompo-jet esetyenziswa kwiindawo iphambene isichasi imikhumbi, nokuba kwizikhephe iza multiengine okanye imikhonjana ngesantya okanye nasemkhenkceni jet. Ke shaka amanzi yokugqibela yiyo kuphela ukhetho. isabelo yengonyama emarike kwenza izikhephe ngobukhulu ezahlukeneyo kunye waso zakudala. Malunga kukho inani elincinane kakhulu izikhephe eziphume komgca ibandla, ukuba sele wakha kunaso amanzi, hayi ekubalulekileyo ukuzikhankanya.

Iyonke 11% (ngokwe kwiingcali) bobabo emarikeni pump-jet. Kodwa eli nani lincitshiswe kakhulu, ukuba Akukuboni ngokupheleleyo imarike bezixhobo basafunda, ngaphandle nasemkhenkceni jet, kunaso lwamanzi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoyilo.

Ngokutsho uqikelelo bamaqela ngamaqela kusenziwa iinjini, kukho amathuba ukwandisa eli nani kwi-45% ngenxa ukubhengezwa Amathuba eemarike pump-jet.

Izimvo engines kunye nabenzi

A lot of abathanda zokuloba ukhetha ukusebenzisa izikhephe "Rotan 240m" kubanjiswene ne-moya yamanzi Yamaha 40.

Ngokutsho kwabo, umenzi Yamaha uthi lincinane kakhulu. ezinxulumene Isikakhulu ne iimpazamo 'ibeke "ngenxa yokuba izimvo ezibhaliweyo ukuba becala abo kutsha awuyitshintshanga le shaka amanzi ukusuka kwenye ukuya kwenye. Loo nto nje indawo zomzimba emva kokuba obhobhozayo lever kakuhle akaphumeleli ngasemva enzulu iphenyane.

iimpendulo ezimbi bokugcina kwinkampani Tohatsu. Okokuqala, abalobi ezikhala lokuthenga rhoqo yeemveliso ezineziphene. Okwesibini, umzekelo Tohatsu 40 igama elithi "sorokovke unfair" njengoko injini 40 enjini akuthethi siphele. Kudla indawo Tohatsu 50, kodwa lo mzekelo ngokukhawuleza overheats.

Ukusebenziseka bendiza

Ufakelo unit classical injini basafunda okufanelekileyo, xa kuyimfuneko usebenzisa isakhiwo kakhulu lula kunye nentshukumo kwingingqi lamanzi kunye ubunzulu ngaphezu komndilili ngesantya ephantsi (ukuya kwi-50 km / h).

Ama-motor motors aqinisekiswe. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili:

• I-propeller ye-blade ene-medium exhaust. Ubunqamle besakhiwo kukuba i-outlet ekhutshwa ngayo i-fuel, kunye nokukhululwa kwamandla omlilo, iphakathi kwendawo-phakathi kwimixhasi, apho idilesi ifakwe khona.
• Ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezilungeleleneyo kunye nokulungiswa kwendawo yokukhupha i-axis.
• Iinkqubo ezinezibuko ezimbini zokukhupha zilapha ngasentla naphantsi kwe-axis.

Isiphelo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinqwelo-mafutha ezikhuselekileyo ezingenazixhobo zizisa iingenelo ezininzi kwisakhiwo sekhephe, kodwa iingxaki ezichazwe ngasentla akufanele zihlulwe. Ngaphandle koko, i-propeller eyabiza ingaba ngumthwalo.

Abavelisi bangaphandle bavelisa umjelo wamanzi ngesikebhe kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kakhulu kunye nobukhulu obukhulu. Umzekelo, i-jet water jet enobubanzi be-350x560x300 mm kunye nobukhulu be-19 kg inexabiso elimalunga nama-ruble angama-75,000 kwimarike yasekhaya.

I-Mercury ME JET 25 ml (eyenziwe e-USA) inamandla kakhulu: inobungakanani kwisigaba esiphezulu somzimba (ngokulinganayo) 508 mm, ubunzima malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-60, injini ye-injini 420 cm ³ , isivinini se-impeller nganye ngomzuzu sifinyelela ku-5000, ukulawula ngokupheleleyo. Iindleko kwimarike yasekhaya sele sele i-rubles 263 500.

Amanzi aseJapan Tohatsu M25JET aneempawu ezifanayo (ihluke kuphela kwinani leenguqulelo: 5200-5600 ngomzuzu) iindleko ze-ruble ezingama-287 500.

Ukuthelekisa, i-motoric screw motor ingatholakala kwixabiso lama-ruble angama-30,000 nangaphezulu.

Akumangalisi kukuba, ngenxa yalo mmahluko kubaluleka, bambalwa banquma ukuthenga amanzi. Ixabiso likhulu, kwaye akuyena wonke umntu onokukwazi ukufumana loo nto. Ihlala isenokuba nethemba lokuba kunye nexesha umgaqo-xabiso wemali uzinza, njengabavelisi basemzini bangaphambili. Emva koko, i-jet yamanzi iqhubela phambili kwi- market share share.

Kufuneka kwakhona kuqaphele ukuba ukunyuka kwandiso lokusetyenziswa kwamagumbi amanzi kuqinisekiswa ngabavelisi abaziwayo. Iinkampani ezidumileyo zi:

• I-Yamaha (Japan);
• Suzuki (eJapan);
• Tohatsu (eJapan);
• Honda (Japan);
• Mercury (USA);

Iimveliso zenkampani nganye zibonakaliswa ngomgangatho wazo ophezulu, izixhobo zokusebenza kunye nomlinganiselo wokusebenza.

Umbuzo wesidingo sokufumana izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezihamba ngeenjini zezikhumba azikhuphuki ngokukhawuleza. Kukho konke malunga nodumo lweempawu ezikhankanywe. Iinkcukacha zifumaneka zombini ukuthengwa phantsi komyalelo, kwaye zithengiswa kwiivenkile ezizodwa okanye izitolo zokulungisa imoto. Ukulungiswa kwamanzi ejethi akuyona ingxaki enkulu.

Abavelisi banikela ixesha elininzi lokujonga umzobo ngamnye, iinkcukacha, kunye nenani ngalinye lokubala ngaphambi kokubeka umzekelo ekuhambeni. Iimvavanyo ziphuculwa: ii-jets zamanzi kunye nenani elikhulu leesilinda ziveliswa, kunye nenani elikhulu leemisundu, kunye neengcambu zentshonalanga kunye nokujikeleza okulungileyo. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa kwakhona kwizinto zokufakela ingxolo ekuveliseni iiferekthi ezifanelekileyo ukwenzela ukuba kungabi nje ukufakela isandi senjini, kodwa nokunciphisa ukunyakaza. Iinkqubo zokuhamba ezizimeleyo zinikezelwa ukufakwa kwisethi epheleleyo kunye nejeti zamanzi. Amadivaysi anciphisa i-torque ebizwa ngokuba yi-torque, ukwenzela ukuba ulawulo lwesitya lukhulu kakhulu.

Kukho iisampulu ngokulawulwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-lever, kungabandakanyi ukusetshenziswa kweenkqubo zekhebula, okunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okungaxakekanga kwiimeko eziza kuzisa ngokukhawuleza ikhebuli ephukile.

Ukuqwalasela konke oku ngasentla, ukhetho lweemitha zamanzi kufuneka lugcinwe kakuhle. Imali eninzi etyalomali ekufunyenweni kufuneka ihlawule ngokuzayo, kwaye umehluko phakathi kokusetyenziswa kweenjini zokuqhuma kunye neenjini zeejethi zamanzi mazifaneleke.